University英特网

InternetExchangePointGaurabRajUpadhayaRIPENCCRegionalMeetingBahrain,15November2006IXPTutorialWhatisanInterneteXchangePoint(IXP)InterneteXchangePoints(IXPs)arethemostcriticalpartoftheInternet'sInfrastructure.
ItisthemeetingpointwhereISPsinterconnectwithoneanother.
WithoutIXPs,therewouldbenoInternet.
InterconnectingwithothernetworksistheessenceoftheInternet.
ISPsmustinterconnectwithothernetworkstoprovideInternetservices.
PrivateandBi-LateralPeeringareconsideredtobeatypeofIXP.
BackgroundTheInternetisadecentralizednetworkofautonomouscommercialinterestsInternetServiceProviders(ISPs)operatebyexchangingtrafficattheirborders,propagatingdatafromitssourcetoitsdestinationThisexchangecanbesettlement-free("Peering")orpaid("Transit")WhyThisisImportantIfyouhavenodomesticInternetexchangefacility,yourdomesticISPsmustpurchasetransitfromforeignISPsThelargeforeignISPswhoselltransitareAmerican,Japanese,andBritishThisisanexpensiveandunnecessaryexportationofcapitaltodevelopednationsattheexpenseofyourdomesticInternetindustrySecond-OrderBenefitsofDomesticExchangeAstrongdomesticInternetindustrycreateshigh-payingknowledge-workerjobsDomestictrafficexchangereducestheimportationofForeigncontentandculturalvalues,infavorofdomesticcontentauthoringandpublishingABriefHistoryofInternetExchangesFirstExchangesMetropolitanAreaEthernetWashington,D.
C.
10mbsharedFOIRLintoassortedswitchesNofixedtopologyMFSfiberplantSharedadministrationFirstExchangesCommercialInternetExchangeMovedfromWashington,D.
C.
toPaloAltoLayer-3MMLPACommodityDS1(T1)linesintoaCisco7010Not-for-profitindustryassociationFirstExchangesMAE-West/FederalInternetExchangeSanJose/MountainViewFDDI"dumbbell"ringBridgedto10mbEthernetinmanylocationsTwolocations,twoadministrationsFirstExchangesHongKongInternetExchangeChineseUniversityofHongKongSinglelocationEthernetswitchAdministeredbytheuniversityFirstmajorfreeexchangeTechnologicalProgressionShared10Base-T/FOIRLEthernetSwitched10mbEthernetSharedFDDISwitchedFDDI100Base-T/100Base-FXGigabitEthernet10GigabitEthernetOtherTechnologiesLayer-3route-serversFrameRelayATMWirelessEthernetCrossconnectmeshDPTCommonServicesRoute-serverLooking-glassMeasurementandinstrumentationNetworkTimeProtocolWebcacheparentNewsserverRootservermirrorCommonBusinessModelsHostedbyauniversityorgovernmentInformalIndustryassociationNeutralfor-profitAnythingelsemaynotberecognizedSizeDifferentiationMunicipalLargemetro-areaNational"Regional"(meaningchanging)GlobalRegionalExchangeAnyIXPthathasgrowntobecomeaprominentIXinaregionEasyaccesstonewmembersLiberalfinancialandlegalframeworkforoverseascompaniestoconnectMostISPswillconnecttothedomesticIXandthentotheRegionalIXExamples:JPIX,WAIX,VIX,APE,NOTAGlobalIXPsOvertimesomecitiesandtheirIXPshavebecomelargeandtakenaroleofglobalIXP.
NewYork/Washington-NYIIX,Equinix-AshburnCalifornia-PAIX,LAIIXLondon/Amsterdam-LINX,AMSIXHongKong-HKIXPeering/TransitDifferentiationNewconceptYoupaywhenbuying"transit",evenifyouhaveaBGP'peering'session.
Youdon'tpaywhen'peering',evenifitdoesn'tinvolveaBGP'peering'session.
VerydifferentpricingFreeVs.
$$$VerydifferentcompetitivenessTypesofIXPsHowcanISPsconnecttoeachother19.
TypicalIXP….
.
TypesofIXPsTwoTypesofIXescommonlyexistsLayer2Layer3OtherwaysalsopracticedRingPrivateInternetConnectGigaPoPHybridLayer2IXPsLayer2UsesacommonnetworkmediumlikeEthernet,10/100/1000Basetechnologies)Membersbringtheirownroutersandcircuitsfromtheirbackbone.
NoTransitorcustomerconnectionsMembersoftheIXPdeterminewhotheypeerwith.
Youdonothavetopeerwitheveryone.
MAE-E,MAE-W,LINX,AMS-IX,NSPIXP,HKIX,PAIXLayer2IXPsLayer2Exchange-Alltrafficisexchangedoutsideroutersthatareconnectedtoasharedmedia(i.
e.
Ethernet10/100/1000BaseTX)Layer2IXPSharedMediaLayer3IXPsLayer3InterneteXchangePoint-Alltrafficisexchangedinsidearouter.
Layer3IXPLayer3IXPsLayer3IXPslimittheautonomyofthemembers.
Someonehastomanagetherouterinthemiddle.
Createbusinessissues,asISPsdon'thavecontrolwithwhomtheycanpeerwithLayer2versusLayer3Layer3IXPteamrequiresgoodBGPknowledgeRelyon3rdpartyforBGPconfigurationLessfreedomonwhopeerswithwhomCouldpotentiallycompetewithIXPmembershipEasiertodistributeoverwideareaLayer2IXPteamdoesnotneedroutingknowledgeEasytogetstartedMorecomplicatedtodistributeoverwideareaISPsfreetosetuppeeringagreementswitheachotherastheywishDesignandConstructionofLocalandRegionalExchangeFacilitiesDeterminingNeedSufficientend-userbaseNoexistingfacilitytobuilduponSufficientdegreeoflocally-destinedtrafficGeographicLocationUserpopulationFiberfacilitiesorrights-of-wayFoundingparticipantsDensityCentralizedinoneroomCampusofadjacentbuildingsMANFrameorATMcloudBuildingManagementTelcohotelUniversitycomputingortelecommunicationsfacilityCityemergencyservicesfacilityIn-BuildingFacilitiesPathwaysPowerCoolingAccessandsecurityServicesSwitchfabricCrossconnectsRoute-serverRemotehandsNTPWebcachingBusinessStructureIncorporatedorunincorporatedStaffedorvolunteerNon-profitorfor-profitCooperativeorexternalownershipCost-recovery(predictiveoractuals),ad-hoc,ormarketpricingPoliciesBLP,MLPAorMMPLAMandatorylooking-glassRoutingandswitch-portinformationpublicormembers-onlySecrecyintheeventofsecurityproblems,failures,ormistakesExtensibleswitchfabricCommonscenarioforPeeringASNisrequiredforBGPAPNIC/RIPENCCmemberscangetoneforfreeNonmemberscanmakearequestthroughtheirupstreamproviderandgetoneforfreeYet,otherscanpayaonetimeUS$500togetone(APNICregion).
MembersprovidetheirownconnectivityequipmentatbothendsandcanhaveredundantlinksinplaceIXPspecificroutesYouonlyannouncethefollowingtoyourpeersYour'own'addresses/routesYourcustomerroutesYoudonotannounceYourupstreamroutes,orfullroutingtablesDefaultRoutesYourotherpeersrouteThingsthatdonotbelongtoyouAnyQuestionIt'sallaboutexperience!
!
WheretogoformoreinformationNOGsSANOG,APRICOT,NANOG,RIPEetc.
PeeringForumsOrganizedbyIXOperatorsThankstothefollowingBillWoodcock,ResearchDirector,PCHPhilipSmith,Sr.
ConsultingEngineer,CiscoThankstoallofyouaswell