includeblockquote

youcopydirectlyfromsomeoneelse'sworkwithoutacknowled.
ThislooksasifyouepenaltiesforplagiaPARAPHRASING,SUMMARISING,QUOTINGItcanbedifficulttorewriteinformationandideasfromyourreadinginyourownwords.
Despitethis,itisbettertoparaphrasethanquote,asexplainingideasinyourownwordsshowsthatyoureallyunderstandthereadingyouhavedone.
Thistipsheetshowsyousomestrategiesforwritingaboutwhatyouhaveread.
WhatarethedifferencesParaphrasingSummarisingQuotingInvolvesputtingasectionofPresentsthemainideasinUsestheoriginalwordsfromatextintoyourownwordsyourownwords,summingupthesourcematerialthemainpointsDoesnotcopysourcewordUsuallyabriefsectionfromtheforwordDoesnotmatchsourcewordtextforwordChangessentencestructureQuotationmarksusedeitherorphrasinginapassagebutIsusuallymuchshorterthansideofthequotedwordskeepstheoriginalmeaningtheoriginalMustbereferencedMustbereferencedMustbereferencedAvoidingplagiarismPlagiarismiswhenging(citing)theoriginalauthor.
Inotherwords,itappearsasiftheworkisallyourownork.
Inacademicwriting,therecanbeseveraretakingcreditforsomeoneelse'swrism.
WhatisaparaphraseAparaphraseiswhenyouwritepublishedinformationandideasinyourownwordswithoutchangingitsoriginalmeaning.
Itisalegitimatewaytoincludetheideasofothers,whenappropriatelyreferenced.
Aparaphraseisusuallyaboutthesamelengthastheoriginal,asopposedtoasummarywhichisusuallymuchshorter.
Itisimportantthatthesentencestructureandthevocabularyaredifferentfromtheoriginal.
WritingaparaphraseToparaphrase,usethefollowingsteps:ChangethestructureofthesentencesChangethewordsItisnotenoughtodojustoneofthese;youneedtochangeboththestructureandthewords.
ChangingthestructureofasentenceorparagraphUsethefollowingstepstochangethestructureofatext.
1.
Readtheoriginaluntilyouunderstanditsfullmeaning.
2.
Writedownthemainpointsorwords.
Donotcopydownentiresentences.
3.
Putthetextawayand,usingthemainpoints,writeyourparaphrase.
Thismeansthatyouarenotcopyingthetextwordforword.
4.
Checkwhatyouhavewrittenagainsttheoriginaltext.
Youshouldcheckthattheyarenotthesame,aswellascheckingthatthemeaningisstillthesame.
StudyTips:Paraphrasing,summarisingandquoting1Oct2013ChangingthewordsPeople'swritingstylesandthewordstheyuseareverydistinct.
Itisgenerallyeasytotellwhensomeonehascopieddirectlyfromatextbook,asthelanguageandthewordsusedchangefromthewriter'snormalstyleandvocabulary.
Toparaphraseatext,followthesesteps.
1.
Readthesentenceorparagraphyouwanttoparaphraseanumberoftimestogetthemeaningofthetext.
Onceyouunderstandit,writeoutthesentenceinyourownwords.
Ifyoudonotfullyunderstandthetext,donotattempttoparaphraseit,asyouwilljustcopyit.
2.
Circlethespecialisedwords,i.
e.
thewordsthatthetextisactuallyabout.
Thesewillneedtobeincludedinyourparaphrase,aswithoutthesewords,themeaningoftheparaphrasecanchange.
3.
Underlineanykeywordsthatcanbechanged.
4.
Findotherwordsandphrasesthathavesimilarmeaningsthatcanbeusedtoreplacethekeywordsinthetext.
Useathesaurusordictionary,orlookforsynonymsinyourwordprocessingsoftware.
WhatisasummaryAsummaryisaconciserecordofthemainpoints,ofatextpresentedinyourownwords.
Unlikeaparaphrase,whichisgenerallyofasimilarlengthtotheoriginaltext,asummaryismuchshorter.
Whensummarising,youshouldnotalter:theauthor'soriginalidea(s)thedegreeofcertaintywithwhichtheideasareexpressed.
Tocreateagoodsummary,youshouldreadthearticleortextanumberoftimestodevelopaclearunderstandingof:theauthor'sideasandintentionsthemeaninganddetailstheforcewithwhichtheideasareexpressed.
WritingasummaryUsethefollowingstepstowriteasummary.
1.
Writenotesinpointformusingkeywords;thiswillmakeiteasiertoexpresstheideasinyourownwords.
2.
Writethesummarydirectlyfromyournoteswithoutre-readingthepassage.
3.
Referbacktotheoriginaltoensurethatyoursummaryisatruereflectionofthewriter'sideas.
TipsTopicsentencesprovideaquickoutlineofthetopicandthemainideainaparagraph.
Whensummarisingachapterorarticle,theintroductionandconclusionshouldprovideagoodoverviewofthecontent.
Summariesneedtobereferenced.
Whetheryouhavesummarisedorparaphrasedanauthor'swords,ideas,ordiagram,areferencetotheoriginalsourcemustbeprovided.
UsingquotesDirectquotesshowwhereanotherperson'soriginalthoughts,words,ideas,imagesetc.
,havebeenusedword-for-word.
Quotationsareusedto:acknowledgethedirectuseofsomeone'swords,thoughts,etc.
enablethereadertoaccessyoursources.
Directquotes(short)Followthesestepstousedirectquotesinyourassignments.
1.
Copytheexactwordsfromtheoriginalsource.
2.
Usethequotationwithinyourownsentence,i.
e.
don'tquoteanentiresentenceanduseonitsown.
3.
Usequotationmarksatthebeginningandendofthecopiedtext.
4.
Referencewithappropriateauthor,yearandpage-numberinformationinthereferencestyleusedinyourcourse.
Blockquotes(longdirectquotes)Forlongcitations,generallyoverthreelines,blockquotesshouldbeused.
Ablockquoteisindented,onepointsizesmallerandstartsonanewline.
Itdoesnothavequotationmarksaroundit.
StudyTips:Paraphrasing,summarisingandquoting2Oct2013