aplicaios
tcpip上的netbios 时间:2021-02-08 阅读:()
VistageraldosmecanismoskeepalivenoCiscoIOSndiceIntroduoInformaesdeApoioMecanismosdokeepalivedeinterfaceInterfacesdeEthernetInterfacesseriaisManutenesdeatividadedeHDLCManutenesdeatividadedePPPInterfacesdotúnelGREKeepalivescriptoKeepalivesdeIKEKeepalivesNATIntroduoEstedocumentodescreveosváriosmecanismoskeepalivenodoCiscoIOS.
InformaesdeApoioOsmensagensdekeepalivesoenviadosporumdispositivoderedeatravésdeumexameoudeunscircuitosvirtuaisafiminformaraindaumoutrodispositivoderedeesseocircuitoentreelesfunes.
ParaqueoKeepalivestrabalhehádoisfatoresessenciais:Ointervalokeepaliveéoperíododetempoentrecadamensagemdekeepalivequeéenviadoporumdispositivoderede.
Istoésempreconfigurável.
qAsnovastentativasdokeepalivesoonúmerodevezesqueodispositivocontinuaaenviarapacoteskeepalivesemrespostaantesqueoestadoestejamudadoa"parabaixo".
ParaalgunstiposdeKeepalivesistoéconfigurável,quandoparaoutrohouverumvalorpadroquenopossasermudado.
qMecanismosdokeepalivedeinterfaceInterfacesdeEthernetEmmeiosdetransmissotaiscomoumEthernet,oKeepalivesélevementeoriginal.
DesdequehámuitospossíveisvizinhosnosEthernet,okeepalivenoestáprojetadodeterminarseotrajetoaqualquerumvizinhoespecíficonofioestádisponível.
Projeta-sesomentecertificar-sedosistemalocaltenhaoacessodeleituraegravaoaofiodosEthernetpróprio.
OroteadorproduzumpacotedeEthernetcomsecomooendereoMACdeorigemededestinoeumcódigotipodeEthernetespecialde0x9000.
OhardwaredeEthernetenviaestepacotenofiodosEtherneteentorecebeimediatamenteestapartetraseiradopacoteoutravez.
IstoverificaohardwaredeemissoedereceponoadaptadordoEtherneteaintegridadebásicadofio.
InterfacesseriaisAsinterfacesserialpodemtertiposdiferentesdeencapsulamentosecadatipodeencapsulamentodeterminaotipodoKeepalivesqueseráusado.
InscrevaocomandokeepalivenomododeconfiguraodainterfaceafimajustarafrequênciaemqueumroteadorenviapacotesECHOREQaseupar:Afimrestaurarosistemaaointervalokeepalivedopadrodossegundos10,inscrevaocomandokeepalivecomnenhumapalavra-chave.
qAfimdesabilitaroKeepalives,inscrevaocomandodisabledokeepalive.
qNota:keepaliveOcomandoaplica-seàsinterfacesserialqueusamolinkdedadosdenívelelevadoContol(HDLC)ouoencapsulamentoPPP.
NoseaplicaàsinterfacesserialqueusamoEncapsulamentoframerelay.
Nota:ParaoPPPeostiposdoencapsulamentodeHDLC,umkeepalivedezerodesabilitaoKeepaliveseérelatadonocomandoshowrunning-configoutputcomoodesabilitaodokeepalive.
ManutenesdeatividadedeHDLCUmoutromecanismokeepaliveconhecidoémanutenesdeatividadeserialparaoHDLC.
AsmanutenesdeatividadeserialsoenviadasparaafrenteeparatrásentredoisRoteadoreseoKeepalivessoreconhecidos.
Comousodosnúmerosdesequênciaseguircadakeepalive,cadadispositivopodeconfirmarseéparHDLCrecebeuokeepalivequeenviou.
ParaoencapsulamentodeHDLC,trêsKeepalivesignoradosfazemcomquearelaosejaderrubada.
PermitaocomandodebugserialinterfaceparaumaconexodeHDLCafimpermitirqueousuárioveroKeepalivesqueégeradoeenviado:SampleOutput:17:21:09.
61f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">85:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0*,yourseen1,lineupAsmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLCcontêmtrêspartesafimdeterminá-lotrabalham:O"myseq"queénossopróprionúmerodeincremento.
qO"mineseen"queérealmenteumreconhecimentodooutrolado(incrementado)quedizqueesperaestenúmerodenós.
q"Yourseen"queénossoreconhecimentoaooutrolado.
qNota:Quandoadiferenanosvaloresnoscamposdomyseqedomineseenexcedetrêsnoroteador2,alinhavaiparabaixoearelaoérestaurada.
DesdequeasmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLCsotipoKeepalivesECHOREQ,afrequênciadekeepaliveéimportanteerecomenda-sequecombinamacimaexatamenteemambososlados.
Seostemporizadoressoforadasincronizao,osnúmerosdesequênciacomeamsairdaordem.
Porexemplo,sevocêajustaumladoaossegundos10eooutroa25segundos,aindapermitiráarelaopermaneaacimaenquantoadiferenanafrequêncianoésuficienteparafazercomqueosnúmerosdesequênciaestejamporumadiferenadetrês.
ComoumailustraodecomoasmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLCtrabalham,oroteador1eoroteador2soconectadosdiretamenteatravésdoSerial0/0edoSerial2/0respectivamente.
AfimilustrarcomooKeepalivesfalhadoHDCLéusadoparaseguirosestadosdarelao,oSerial0/0seráfechadonoroteador1.
Roteador1Router1#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
1/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:09.
61f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">85:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:19.
725:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:29.
753:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:39.
773:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:49.
1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">805:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen5,lineup17:21:59.
1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">837:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:09.
1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">865:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:19.
905:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:29.
945:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen9,lineupRouter1(config-if)#shut17:22:39.
965:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:42.
225:%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial0/0,changedstatetoadministrativelydown17:22:43.
245:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial0/0,changedstatetodownRoteador2Router2#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
2/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:04.
929:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0,yourseen0,lineup17:21:14.
941:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:24.
961:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:34.
91f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:45.
001:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:55.
021:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen5,lineup17:22:05.
041:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:15.
061:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:25.
01f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:35.
101:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen9,lineup17:22:45.
113:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq10,mineseen10*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:55.
133:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq11,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:05.
153:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:05.
153:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq12,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:15.
173:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:15.
173:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq13,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedown17:23:16.
201:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial2/0,changedstatetodownRouter2#17:23:25.
193:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq14,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedownManutenesdeatividadedePPPAsmanutenesdeatividadedePPPsoumpoucodiferentesdasmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLC.
AocontráriodoHDLC,asmanutenesdeatividadedePPPsomaiscomosibilos.
Osambososladospodemsibilar-seemseulazer.
OmovimentonegociadoapropriadoéresponderSEMPREaeste"sibilo".
AssimparamanutenesdeatividadedePPP,afrequênciaouovalordetemporizadorsosomentelocalmenterelevanteenotêmnenhumimpactonooutrolado.
MesmoseumladodesligaoKeepalives,aindaRESPONDER2aquelasrequisiesdeecodoladoquetemumtemporizadordekeepalive.
Contudo,nuncainiciaráalgumadoseuspróprios.
PermitaocomandodebugppppacketparaumaconexoPPPafimpermitirqueousuárioverasmanutenesdeatividadedePPPquesoenviadas:Router2#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
2/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:04.
929:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0,yourseen0,lineup17:21:14.
941:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:24.
961:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:34.
91f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:45.
001:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:55.
021:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen5,lineup17:22:05.
041:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:15.
061:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:25.
01f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:35.
101:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen9,lineup17:22:45.
113:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq10,mineseen10*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:55.
133:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq11,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:05.
153:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:05.
153:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq12,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:15.
173:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:15.
173:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq13,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedown17:23:16.
201:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial2/0,changedstatetodownRouter2#17:23:25.
193:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq14,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedownerespostasquesorecebidas:Router2#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
2/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:04.
929:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0,yourseen0,lineup17:21:14.
941:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:24.
961:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:34.
91f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:45.
001:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:55.
021:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen5,lineup17:22:05.
041:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:15.
061:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:25.
01f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:35.
101:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen9,lineup17:22:45.
113:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq10,mineseen10*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:55.
133:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq11,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:05.
153:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:05.
153:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq12,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:15.
173:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:15.
173:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq13,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedown17:23:16.
201:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial2/0,changedstatetodownRouter2#17:23:25.
193:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq14,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedownAsmanutenesdeatividadedePPPcontêmtrêspartes:NúmerodeID-usadoparaidentificaraqueoECHOREQoparresponde.
qTipokeepalive-OECHOREQéKeepalivesenviadopelodispositivodeorigemeoqECHOREPérespostasenviadaspelopar.
Númerosmágicos-asnotificaesincluemosnúmerosmágicosdoserveredoclienteremoto.
OparvalidaonúmeromágiconopacotederequisiodeecoLCP,etransmiteopacotederespostadeecocorrespondenteLCPquecontémonúmeromágiconegociadopeloroteador.
qParaoencapsulamentoPPP,cincoKeepalivesignoradosfazemcomquearelaosejaderrubadaInterfacesdotúnelGREOmecanismokeepalivedotúnelGREélevementediferentedoqueparaEthernetouinterfacesserial.
DáacapacidadeparaqueumladoorigineerecebapacoteskeepaliveaedeumroteadorremotomesmoseoroteadorremotonoapoiamanutenesdeatividadedeGRE.
DesdequeoGREéummecanismodetunelamentodopacoteparaescavarumtúneloIPdentrodoIP,umpacotedotúnelIPGREpodeserconstruídodentrodeumoutropacotedotúnelIPGRE.
ParamanutenesdeatividadedeGRE,asPRE-construesdoremetenteopacotedarespostadekeepalivedentrodopacotederequisiodokeepaliveoriginaldemodoqueasnecessidadesdaextremidaderemotasomentedefazerodesencapsulamentoGREpadrodocabealhoIPexteriorGREeenviamentoopacoteGREinternoIP.
Estemecanismofazcomquearespostadekeepaliveenvieparaforaainterfacefísicaumpoucodoqueainterfacedetúnel.
ParamaisdetalhesaotrabalhardoKeepalivesdotúnelGRE,vejacomoasmanutenesdeatividadedeGREtrabalham.
KeepalivescriptoKeepalivesdeIKEOKeepalivesdoInternetKeyExchange(IKE)éummecanismousadoparadeterminarseumparVPNpodeascendenteereceberotráfegocriptografado.
OKeepalivescriptoseparadoéexigidoalémdoquekeepalivesdeinterfaceporqueosparesVPNgeralmentesoconectadosnuncadevoltaàpartetraseira,assimqueoskeepalivesdeinterfacenofornecembastanteinformaosobreoestadodoparVPN.
EmdispositivosIOSCisco,oskeepalivesdeIKEsopermitidospelousodeummétodoproprietáriochamadooDeadPeerDetection(DPD).
AfimpermitirqueogatewayenvieDPDaopar,incorporeestecomandoaomododeconfiguraoglobal:cryptoisakmpkeepaliveseconds[retry-seconds][periodic|on-demand]AfimdesabilitaroKeepalives,use"no"oformuláriodestecomando.
Paraobtermaisinformaessobredoquecadapalavra-chavenestecomandofaz,vejaokeepalivecriptodoisakmp.
Paramaisgranularidade,oKeepalivespodeigualmenteserconfiguradosoboperfilISAKMP.
Paramaisdetalhes,vejao[CiscoIOSIPsec]davistageraldoperfilISAKMP.
KeepalivesNATEmcasodasencenaesondeumparVPNestáatrásdeumNetworkAddressTranslation(NAT),NAT-Traversaléusadoparaacriptografia.
Contudo,duranteperíodosociososépossívelqueaentradaNATnodispositivoascendentepdecronometrarparafora.
IstopodecausarproblemasquandovocêtrazacimaotúneleoNATnoébidirecional.
OKeepalivesNATépermitidoafimmanterotraodinmicoNATvivoduranteumaconexoentredoispares.
OKeepalivesNATépacotesdeUDPcomumpayloadunencrypteddeumbyte.
EmboraaaplicaoatualDPDsejasimilaraoKeepalivesNAT,háumapequenadiferena-oDPDestáusadoparadetectarostatusdepeerquandooKeepalivesNATforenviadoseaentidadedoIPsecnoenviounemrecebeuopacoteemumperíododetempoespecificado.
Ointervaloválidoestáentre5a3600segundos.
Dica:SeoKeepalivesNATestápermitido(atravésdocomandokeepalivenatdoisamkpcripto),osusuáriosdevemassegurar-sedequeovalorinativosejamaiscurtodoqueotempodeexpiraodomapeamentoNATde20segundos.
Paraobtermaisinformaessobredestacaracterística,vejaatransparênciadeNATdoIPsec.
InformaesdeApoioOsmensagensdekeepalivesoenviadosporumdispositivoderedeatravésdeumexameoudeunscircuitosvirtuaisafiminformaraindaumoutrodispositivoderedeesseocircuitoentreelesfunes.
ParaqueoKeepalivestrabalhehádoisfatoresessenciais:Ointervalokeepaliveéoperíododetempoentrecadamensagemdekeepalivequeéenviadoporumdispositivoderede.
Istoésempreconfigurável.
qAsnovastentativasdokeepalivesoonúmerodevezesqueodispositivocontinuaaenviarapacoteskeepalivesemrespostaantesqueoestadoestejamudadoa"parabaixo".
ParaalgunstiposdeKeepalivesistoéconfigurável,quandoparaoutrohouverumvalorpadroquenopossasermudado.
qMecanismosdokeepalivedeinterfaceInterfacesdeEthernetEmmeiosdetransmissotaiscomoumEthernet,oKeepalivesélevementeoriginal.
DesdequehámuitospossíveisvizinhosnosEthernet,okeepalivenoestáprojetadodeterminarseotrajetoaqualquerumvizinhoespecíficonofioestádisponível.
Projeta-sesomentecertificar-sedosistemalocaltenhaoacessodeleituraegravaoaofiodosEthernetpróprio.
OroteadorproduzumpacotedeEthernetcomsecomooendereoMACdeorigemededestinoeumcódigotipodeEthernetespecialde0x9000.
OhardwaredeEthernetenviaestepacotenofiodosEtherneteentorecebeimediatamenteestapartetraseiradopacoteoutravez.
IstoverificaohardwaredeemissoedereceponoadaptadordoEtherneteaintegridadebásicadofio.
InterfacesseriaisAsinterfacesserialpodemtertiposdiferentesdeencapsulamentosecadatipodeencapsulamentodeterminaotipodoKeepalivesqueseráusado.
InscrevaocomandokeepalivenomododeconfiguraodainterfaceafimajustarafrequênciaemqueumroteadorenviapacotesECHOREQaseupar:Afimrestaurarosistemaaointervalokeepalivedopadrodossegundos10,inscrevaocomandokeepalivecomnenhumapalavra-chave.
qAfimdesabilitaroKeepalives,inscrevaocomandodisabledokeepalive.
qNota:keepaliveOcomandoaplica-seàsinterfacesserialqueusamolinkdedadosdenívelelevadoContol(HDLC)ouoencapsulamentoPPP.
NoseaplicaàsinterfacesserialqueusamoEncapsulamentoframerelay.
Nota:ParaoPPPeostiposdoencapsulamentodeHDLC,umkeepalivedezerodesabilitaoKeepaliveseérelatadonocomandoshowrunning-configoutputcomoodesabilitaodokeepalive.
ManutenesdeatividadedeHDLCUmoutromecanismokeepaliveconhecidoémanutenesdeatividadeserialparaoHDLC.
AsmanutenesdeatividadeserialsoenviadasparaafrenteeparatrásentredoisRoteadoreseoKeepalivessoreconhecidos.
Comousodosnúmerosdesequênciaseguircadakeepalive,cadadispositivopodeconfirmarseéparHDLCrecebeuokeepalivequeenviou.
ParaoencapsulamentodeHDLC,trêsKeepalivesignoradosfazemcomquearelaosejaderrubada.
PermitaocomandodebugserialinterfaceparaumaconexodeHDLCafimpermitirqueousuárioveroKeepalivesqueégeradoeenviado:SampleOutput:17:21:09.
61f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">85:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0*,yourseen1,lineupAsmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLCcontêmtrêspartesafimdeterminá-lotrabalham:O"myseq"queénossopróprionúmerodeincremento.
qO"mineseen"queérealmenteumreconhecimentodooutrolado(incrementado)quedizqueesperaestenúmerodenós.
q"Yourseen"queénossoreconhecimentoaooutrolado.
qNota:Quandoadiferenanosvaloresnoscamposdomyseqedomineseenexcedetrêsnoroteador2,alinhavaiparabaixoearelaoérestaurada.
DesdequeasmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLCsotipoKeepalivesECHOREQ,afrequênciadekeepaliveéimportanteerecomenda-sequecombinamacimaexatamenteemambososlados.
Seostemporizadoressoforadasincronizao,osnúmerosdesequênciacomeamsairdaordem.
Porexemplo,sevocêajustaumladoaossegundos10eooutroa25segundos,aindapermitiráarelaopermaneaacimaenquantoadiferenanafrequêncianoésuficienteparafazercomqueosnúmerosdesequênciaestejamporumadiferenadetrês.
ComoumailustraodecomoasmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLCtrabalham,oroteador1eoroteador2soconectadosdiretamenteatravésdoSerial0/0edoSerial2/0respectivamente.
AfimilustrarcomooKeepalivesfalhadoHDCLéusadoparaseguirosestadosdarelao,oSerial0/0seráfechadonoroteador1.
Roteador1Router1#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
1/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:09.
61f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">85:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:19.
725:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:29.
753:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:39.
773:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:49.
1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">805:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen5,lineup17:21:59.
1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">837:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:09.
1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">865:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:19.
905:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:29.
945:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen9,lineupRouter1(config-if)#shut17:22:39.
965:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:42.
225:%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial0/0,changedstatetoadministrativelydown17:22:43.
245:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial0/0,changedstatetodownRoteador2Router2#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
2/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:04.
929:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0,yourseen0,lineup17:21:14.
941:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:24.
961:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:34.
91f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:45.
001:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:55.
021:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen5,lineup17:22:05.
041:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:15.
061:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:25.
01f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:35.
101:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen9,lineup17:22:45.
113:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq10,mineseen10*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:55.
133:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq11,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:05.
153:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:05.
153:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq12,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:15.
173:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:15.
173:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq13,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedown17:23:16.
201:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial2/0,changedstatetodownRouter2#17:23:25.
193:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq14,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedownManutenesdeatividadedePPPAsmanutenesdeatividadedePPPsoumpoucodiferentesdasmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLC.
AocontráriodoHDLC,asmanutenesdeatividadedePPPsomaiscomosibilos.
Osambososladospodemsibilar-seemseulazer.
OmovimentonegociadoapropriadoéresponderSEMPREaeste"sibilo".
AssimparamanutenesdeatividadedePPP,afrequênciaouovalordetemporizadorsosomentelocalmenterelevanteenotêmnenhumimpactonooutrolado.
MesmoseumladodesligaoKeepalives,aindaRESPONDER2aquelasrequisiesdeecodoladoquetemumtemporizadordekeepalive.
Contudo,nuncainiciaráalgumadoseuspróprios.
PermitaocomandodebugppppacketparaumaconexoPPPafimpermitirqueousuárioverasmanutenesdeatividadedePPPquesoenviadas:Router2#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
2/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:04.
929:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0,yourseen0,lineup17:21:14.
941:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:24.
961:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:34.
91f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:45.
001:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:55.
021:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen5,lineup17:22:05.
041:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:15.
061:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:25.
01f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:35.
101:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen9,lineup17:22:45.
113:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq10,mineseen10*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:55.
133:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq11,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:05.
153:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:05.
153:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq12,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:15.
173:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:15.
173:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq13,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedown17:23:16.
201:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial2/0,changedstatetodownRouter2#17:23:25.
193:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq14,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedownerespostasquesorecebidas:Router2#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
2/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:04.
929:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0,yourseen0,lineup17:21:14.
941:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:24.
961:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:34.
91f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:45.
001:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:55.
021:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen5,lineup17:22:05.
041:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:15.
061:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:25.
01f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:35.
101:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen9,lineup17:22:45.
113:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq10,mineseen10*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:55.
133:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq11,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:05.
153:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:05.
153:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq12,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:15.
173:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:15.
173:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq13,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedown17:23:16.
201:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial2/0,changedstatetodownRouter2#17:23:25.
193:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq14,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedownAsmanutenesdeatividadedePPPcontêmtrêspartes:NúmerodeID-usadoparaidentificaraqueoECHOREQoparresponde.
qTipokeepalive-OECHOREQéKeepalivesenviadopelodispositivodeorigemeoqECHOREPérespostasenviadaspelopar.
Númerosmágicos-asnotificaesincluemosnúmerosmágicosdoserveredoclienteremoto.
OparvalidaonúmeromágiconopacotederequisiodeecoLCP,etransmiteopacotederespostadeecocorrespondenteLCPquecontémonúmeromágiconegociadopeloroteador.
qParaoencapsulamentoPPP,cincoKeepalivesignoradosfazemcomquearelaosejaderrubadaInterfacesdotúnelGREOmecanismokeepalivedotúnelGREélevementediferentedoqueparaEthernetouinterfacesserial.
DáacapacidadeparaqueumladoorigineerecebapacoteskeepaliveaedeumroteadorremotomesmoseoroteadorremotonoapoiamanutenesdeatividadedeGRE.
DesdequeoGREéummecanismodetunelamentodopacoteparaescavarumtúneloIPdentrodoIP,umpacotedotúnelIPGREpodeserconstruídodentrodeumoutropacotedotúnelIPGRE.
ParamanutenesdeatividadedeGRE,asPRE-construesdoremetenteopacotedarespostadekeepalivedentrodopacotederequisiodokeepaliveoriginaldemodoqueasnecessidadesdaextremidaderemotasomentedefazerodesencapsulamentoGREpadrodocabealhoIPexteriorGREeenviamentoopacoteGREinternoIP.
Estemecanismofazcomquearespostadekeepaliveenvieparaforaainterfacefísicaumpoucodoqueainterfacedetúnel.
ParamaisdetalhesaotrabalhardoKeepalivesdotúnelGRE,vejacomoasmanutenesdeatividadedeGREtrabalham.
KeepalivescriptoKeepalivesdeIKEOKeepalivesdoInternetKeyExchange(IKE)éummecanismousadoparadeterminarseumparVPNpodeascendenteereceberotráfegocriptografado.
OKeepalivescriptoseparadoéexigidoalémdoquekeepalivesdeinterfaceporqueosparesVPNgeralmentesoconectadosnuncadevoltaàpartetraseira,assimqueoskeepalivesdeinterfacenofornecembastanteinformaosobreoestadodoparVPN.
EmdispositivosIOSCisco,oskeepalivesdeIKEsopermitidospelousodeummétodoproprietáriochamadooDeadPeerDetection(DPD).
AfimpermitirqueogatewayenvieDPDaopar,incorporeestecomandoaomododeconfiguraoglobal:cryptoisakmpkeepaliveseconds[retry-seconds][periodic|on-demand]AfimdesabilitaroKeepalives,use"no"oformuláriodestecomando.
Paraobtermaisinformaessobredoquecadapalavra-chavenestecomandofaz,vejaokeepalivecriptodoisakmp.
Paramaisgranularidade,oKeepalivespodeigualmenteserconfiguradosoboperfilISAKMP.
Paramaisdetalhes,vejao[CiscoIOSIPsec]davistageraldoperfilISAKMP.
KeepalivesNATEmcasodasencenaesondeumparVPNestáatrásdeumNetworkAddressTranslation(NAT),NAT-Traversaléusadoparaacriptografia.
Contudo,duranteperíodosociososépossívelqueaentradaNATnodispositivoascendentepdecronometrarparafora.
IstopodecausarproblemasquandovocêtrazacimaotúneleoNATnoébidirecional.
OKeepalivesNATépermitidoafimmanterotraodinmicoNATvivoduranteumaconexoentredoispares.
OKeepalivesNATépacotesdeUDPcomumpayloadunencrypteddeumbyte.
EmboraaaplicaoatualDPDsejasimilaraoKeepalivesNAT,háumapequenadiferena-oDPDestáusadoparadetectarostatusdepeerquandooKeepalivesNATforenviadoseaentidadedoIPsecnoenviounemrecebeuopacoteemumperíododetempoespecificado.
Ointervaloválidoestáentre5a3600segundos.
Dica:SeoKeepalivesNATestápermitido(atravésdocomandokeepalivenatdoisamkpcripto),osusuáriosdevemassegurar-sedequeovalorinativosejamaiscurtodoqueotempodeexpiraodomapeamentoNATde20segundos.
Paraobtermaisinformaessobredestacaracterística,vejaatransparênciadeNATdoIPsec.
- aplicaios相关文档
- 协议tcpip网络协议族简单的入门自学手册
- 地址详解tcpip协议的含义和参数
- 协议简单的csocket编程基于tcpip协议
- 报文常见的tcpip体系协议安全隐患和应对方法
- 即可winxp操作系统下如何重新安装tcpip协议
- 协议tcpip协议栈原理及其在arm上的具体实现
NameCheap新注册.COM域名$5.98
随着自媒体和短视频的发展，确实对于传统的PC独立网站影响比较大的。我们可以看到云服务器商家的各种促销折扣活动，我们也看到传统域名商的轮番新注册和转入的促销，到现在这个状态已经不能说这些商家的为用户考虑，而是在不断的抢夺同行的客户。我们看到Namecheap商家新注册域名和转入活动一个接一个。如果我们有需要新注册.COM域名的，只需要5.98美元。优惠码：NEWCOM598。同时有赠送2个月免费域名...
丽萨主机122元/每季，原生IP,CN2 GIA网络
萨主机(lisahost)新上了美国cn2 gia国际精品网络 – 精品线路，支持解锁美区Netflix所有资源，HULU, DISNEY, StartZ, HBO MAX，ESPN, Amazon Prime Video等，同时支持Tiktok。套餐原价基础上加价20元可更换23段美国原生ip。支持Tiktok。成功下单后，在线充值相应差价，提交工单更换美国原生IP。!!!注意是加价20换原生I...
wordpress外贸集团企业主题 wordpress高级推广外贸主题
wordpress外贸集团企业主题，wordpress通用跨屏外贸企业响应式布局设计，内置更完善的外贸企业网站优化推广功能，完善的企业产品营销展示 + 高效后台自定义设置。wordpress高级推广外贸主题，采用标准的HTML5+CSS3语言开发，兼容当下的各种主流浏览器，根据用户行为以及设备环境(系统平台、屏幕尺寸、屏幕定向等)进行自适应显示; 完美实现一套主题程序支持全部终端设备，保证网站在各...
tcpip上的netbios为你推荐
最便宜虚拟主机 免费申请网页 国外永久服务器 la域名 国外网站代理服务器 200g硬盘 gtt net空间 阿里云个人邮箱 forwarder 2016黑色星期五 机柜尺寸 tracert 海尔t68驱动 ddos攻击 天翼云主机 流媒体服务器软件 web服务器硬件配置 美国主机购买 789小游戏 更多