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EffectionofRainfallinsummeronthelandscapewateringreenareaofBeijingHaiqiWei1,a,FanFu*2,bXinyeWu3,c,TianxiongYin4,d,ZichaoFan5,e1,2,3,4,5NorthChinaUniversityofTechnology,JinYuanZhuangRoadNo.
5,ShijingshanDistrict,Beijing,Chinaa921661243@qq.
com,bmattbff@163.
com,c851160780@qq.
com,dytx0710@qq.
com,e17729895232@qq.
comKeywords:Stormwaterrunoff;Landscapewater;FluctuationofwaterqualityAbstract.
Asanimportantpartofurbangreenarea,especiallytheparksinthecity,thefluctuationofthewaterqualityofwaterlandscapehasbecomethefocusofurbanecologicalenvironment.
Duetotherapiddevelopmentofurbanization,urbanhardenedarea(suchasroofing,pavingroads,etc.
)continuestoincrease,causingtheaccumulationofpollutants.
Therefore,urbanstormwaterrunoffwhichcarrieslargeamountsofpollutantshasagreatimpactonlandscapewaterintheurbangreenspace.
Consideringthis,athree-monthwaterqualitymonitoringwascarriedoutinthispaperusingHachwaterqualitytestertotestthreetypicalbodiesofwaterwhichhavedifferentoriginsandsourceofpollutionduringtherainyseasonofBeijing.
Theresultsshowedthaturbanstormwaterrunoffmayhaveseriousimpactonthequalityoflandscapewater.
IntroductionWaterlandscapeisanimportantpartofurbangreenarea,especiallytheparksinthecity.
Ithasmanyfunctionswhichcanbenefitthelandscapestructure,irrigationandwatersupply,waterdetentionandfloodcontrolaswellasbiodiversity.
Stormwaterrunoffhasbecomeoneofthemainsourceofpollutionofurbanwaterenvironment.
Owingtotherapidurbanization,impermeablelandsurfacesuchasbusinesscenter,residentialarea,roadsandparkinglotshaveincreasedleadingtothedecreaseofstormwaterpermeatingintotheunderground.
Therefore,surfacerunoffbecomesincreasinglymuch.
Undertheinfluenceoftheofsurfacerunoff'sscour,muchpollutionthatexistsonthegroundgoesintothewaterbodyandthenchangethephysical,chemicalandbiologicalpropertiesofthewater,becomingthemainelementwhichinfluencesthewaterquality[1].
ThemajorindexesofthemonitoringareCOD,BOD,Totalnitrogen(TN),totalphosphorus(TP)andammonianitrogen(NH3-N.
)andTSS[2].
ThroughthemonitoringofpollutantconcentrationoflandscapewaterbothinsunnyweatherandrainydaysandthencomparingtheresultswiththeClassIVwaterstandardinEnvironmentalQualityStandardsforSurfaceWater[3],Thechangeofwaterqualityandpollutioncausedbystormwaterwasanalyzedandthesuggestionswereputforward.
MethodologyResearchAreas.
TostudytheinfluenceofstormwaterinsummertothelandscapewaterofgreenareainBeijing,YuyuantanPark,OlympicForestParkandTheSummerPalacewerechosenasthethreeresearchareas.
Yuyuantanoccupiesatotalareaof136.
69hectaresandboasts74hectaresofwaterareawhichoriginatesfromJingmianddiversioncanalofYongding.
ItsGreencoverageratereachesover95%andboastsabout199,500typesofplants[4].
BeijingOlympicForestParkisnexttothetheOlympicstadiumareainthesouth,closetothesuburbangreenbeltinthenorthandstretchesacrossthecity'smainloop(theNorthFifthRing).
BeijingOlympicForestParkoccupiesatotalareaof68,000hectares(12,200hectaresofwaterarea,thevastmajorityofthewaterisstillwater)anditsplantcoveragereaches90%[5].
SummerPalacecoversanareaof290hectares.
ThesurfaceareaofKunminglakeintheSummerPalaceaccountsforabout78%oftheentirepark.
ThewaterinSummerPalaceoriginatesfromYuquanHill,ChangpingdiversionandJingmidiversion.
MonitoringMethod.
HachwaterqualitytestingmeterisusedtomonitortheindexessuchasCOD,BOD,Totalnitrogen,totalphosphorusandammonianitrogenandTSS,etc.
Themonitoringspotsaresetupbasedonthecharacteristicsoftheresearchareas.
AccordingtotheWaterandExhaustedWaterMonitoringAnalysisMethod,everyspotissetupintheplaceblowthewatersurfaceMonitoringResultsandAnalysisCODMonitoringResultAnalysis.
"EnvironmentQualityStandardsforSurfaceWater"(G3838-2002)inChinaprovidesthattheallowablevalueofCODinTable2.
Table1:StandardofCODClassIClassIIClassIIIClassIVClassVCOD≤1515203040AsshowninFigure1,themainlakeintheOlympicForestPark,thesummerpalaceKunmingLake,YuyuantanEastLakewaterqualitygenerallyofrainfallweatherworsethansunnyweather.
Thecurvefluctuationofthethreeresearchareasismoreuniform.
CODconcentrationinJuly19thwasbetterthanJuly6th.
BecauseoftherainstorminJuly19th,alargeamountofwater,thewaterflowspeed,enhanceself-purificationcapacityofCOD.
Duringtheperiod,alargeamountofwater,thewaterflowhighspeed,enhanceself-purificationcapacityofCOD.
Nomatterrainornon-rainfallweatherconditions,KunmingLakereachedclassIVstandard.
OlympicForestParklakeonlyinMay12thCODintheVclass.
OthermonitoringdatesareinlinewiththeIVclass.
YuyuantanEastLakeinJuly6thsunnyweatherconditions,CODexceededtheclassIVwaterstandard,whichbelongstotheclassVwater.
TheresultsofthethreestudyareasCODconcentrationshowthatYuyuantanEastLake>OlympicForestParkLake>KunmingLake.
Therefore,theKunminglakewaterqualityisbest,YuyuantanEastLakeisrelativelypoor.
Fig1:CODinlandscapewaterFig2:TPinlandscapewaterTPMonitoringResultAnalysis.
"EnvironmentQualityStandardsforSurfaceWater"(G3838-2002)inChinaprovidesthattheallowablevalueofTPinTable3.
Table2:StandardofTPClassIClassIIClassIIIClassIVClassVTP≤0.
020.
10.
20.
30.
4AsshowninFigure2,comprehensivestudyoftheTPdatainallareas,only25%ofthedataincompliancewiththeIVclass,33%belongtotheVclass,42%belongtotheinferiorVclass.
Onsunnydays,theTPwerealsoinexcessoftheIVclassstandards.
ThattotalphosphorusinwaterofBeijingparksseriouslyexceedthestandard.
TheOlympicForestParkandYuyuantaneastlakefluctuationcurveofregularityissimilar.
TheoveralltrendoftheTPintherainwaterwasincreased.
ThefluctuationofKunminglakehasacompletelyoppositetrendwiththeothertworesearchareas.
ThetrendofTPinKunminglakeisdecreasedinthepresenceofrainfall.
TheTPinKunminglakewasgenerallyveryhighofsunnydays,allofwhichbelongedtoVclassandinferiorVclassstandard.
TNMonitoringResultAnalysis.
"EnvironmentQualityStandardsforSurfaceWater"(G3838-2002)inChinaprovidesthattheallowablevalueofTNinTable4.
Table3:StandardofTNClassIClassIIClassIIIClassIVClassVTN≤0.
20.
51.
01.
52.
0AsshowninFigure3,thereissimilartothatofKunminglakeandtheOlympicForestParkLakeintherainfallandsunnyweatherconditionsoftotalnitrogenconcentrationfluctuationcurve.
TheTNconcentrationofrainfallishigherthanthatofsunnyweather.
AndintheMay,June,JulyTNinthewaterthereisagradualdownwardtrend.
Themainreasonisthattheplantisflourishinginsummer,whichcaneffectivelypurifythewaterquality.
KunminglakeandtheOlympicForestParkcurveissimilartothelawoffluctuation.
ButtheTNinthemainlakeofOlympichigherthanthatofKunmingLake.
TheTNinKunminglakeisconsistentwiththeIVstandard.
TheTNoftheOlympicForestParkinJuneandJulywasinaccordancewiththeIIIstandard.
Vclassstandardsforrainfallconditions.
InMay,thatwasbadderthanVcriterion.
Yuyuantanisdifferentfromtheothertwostudyareafluctuation.
ShowsthatthefirsttimerainwaterTN>sunnyweatherwaterTN>secondrainwaterTN.
Fig3:TNinlandscapewaterFig4:NH3-NinlandscapewaterNH3-NMonitoringResultAnalysis.
"EnvironmentQualityStandardsforSurfaceWater"(G3838-2002)inChinaprovidesthattheallowablevalueofNH3-NinTable5.
Table4:StandardsofNH3-NClassIClassIIClassIIIClassIVClassVNH3-N≤0.
150.
51.
01.
52.
0AsshowninFigure4,threeresearchsitesshowedsignificantlyhigherconcentrationofNH3-Ninwaterundertheconditionofrainfallweathertrend.
Butfromthecurvetrend,changesofmainlakeofOlympicForestParkandEastLakeofYuyuantanaremoresimilar.
Toanalyzethewaterqualityofthethreeresearchareas.
WhetheritisrainorsunnyweatherconditionstheconcentrationofNH3-NcanreachIIstandards.
ItshowsthatthewaterofparkgreenspaceinBeijingisverygoodforthecontrolofthepollutantindexofNH3-N.
Fig5:TSSinlandscapewaterTSSMonitoringResultAnalysis.
AsshowninFigure5,threestudyareainsunnyweatherwithrainsvariationofTSSconcentrationtherewasasimilarity,substantiallyhigherthantheTSSrainssunnyweather.
TSSrainfallishigherthanthefineweather.
IstheYuyuantancruiseactivitiesfrequentlymainlyduetothepeakinJune3rdinthesunnyweathersituation.
HumanactivityhasacertaineffectontheconcentrationofTSSinwater.
ConclusionsAccordingtothewaterqualitymonitoringofthreelandscapewaterforaperiodofthreemonthsinBeijing.
Itcanbeobservedthatthepollutioncausedbytherainwaterrunofffromtheurbanrainwatercancauseaseriousimpactonthelandscapewaterbody.
Therearesomemainreasonsforthedifferenceinthedegreeofwaterpollutionfromthestormwaterrunoff.
First,thewaterresourcesofthethreestudyareasaredifferent,andthereareobviousdifferencesinthevariousindicators.
Second,thedegreeofnaturalrevetmentiscausedbythedifferentinfluencedegreeofrunoffareimportantreasonforthedifference.
Comparedwithartificialhardeningrevetmentthenaturalrevetmentcanreducerunoffvelocityandtoreducethepollutantintheprocessoftransmission.
Third,differencesintheamountofwaterinthewaterisalsooneofthefactors.
Root,stemandleafofplantcanplayacertainroleinterceptionofrainwaterrunoff.
Throughcomparativeanalysis.
Tobettercontrolandoptimizethelandscapewaterqualityandreducetheimpactonwaterqualityofrainwaterrunoff.
Firstly,itshouldbedoneonwatersourcesqualitycontrol.
Proposedthecorrespondingsolutionstrategiesforpollutantindextohighlightgovernance.
Ifnecessaryitwillcreateartificialrainwetlands,grassedswales,sunkengreenspace,raingardensandothergreeninfrastructuretopurifywater.
Andpayattentiontotheamountofwateronplantcultivationandconservation.
Reasonablerevetmentandplantingwithaquaticplantscaneffectivelyalleviatethepollutionofstormwaterrunoff.
Whiletheplanninganddesignstageforlargelandscapewatersshouldavoidexcessivehardrevetment,reducingthepossibilityofstormwaterrunoffdirectlyintothewaterbodylandscape.
AcknowledgmentsThisworkwasfinanciallysupportedbyScientificResearchTrainingprogramforCollegeStudents---StudyoncomprehensiveecologicalbenefitsofConstructedWetland.
Itemstatuscoding:(XN001-105).
References[1]LILi-qing,YINCheng-qing,KONGLing-li,HEQing-ci:EffectofAntecedentDryWeatherPeriodonUrbanStormRunoffPollutionLoad,edtiedbyenviromentalscience,2287-2293(2007).
[2]CHENSi-jia,SUDe-rong,ComparisonandmonitoringofwaterqualityindifferentwaterareaofurbangreenspaceinBeijing,edtiedbyJournalofCentralSouthUniversityofForestry&Technology,122-149(2013).
[3]ThePeople'sRepublicofChinaStandard.
GB3838-2002.
[4]XiaoXiong-fang,TheComparativeStudyofRecreationalCharacteristiconTheGreenwayandCityParkUsers,(2014).
[5]HUJie,WUYi-xia,LVLu-shan,WaterSystemPlanofBeijingOlympicForestPark,edtiedbyChinesegarden,14-19(2006).
5,ShijingshanDistrict,Beijing,Chinaa921661243@qq.
com,bmattbff@163.
com,c851160780@qq.
com,dytx0710@qq.
com,e17729895232@qq.
comKeywords:Stormwaterrunoff;Landscapewater;FluctuationofwaterqualityAbstract.
Asanimportantpartofurbangreenarea,especiallytheparksinthecity,thefluctuationofthewaterqualityofwaterlandscapehasbecomethefocusofurbanecologicalenvironment.
Duetotherapiddevelopmentofurbanization,urbanhardenedarea(suchasroofing,pavingroads,etc.
)continuestoincrease,causingtheaccumulationofpollutants.
Therefore,urbanstormwaterrunoffwhichcarrieslargeamountsofpollutantshasagreatimpactonlandscapewaterintheurbangreenspace.
Consideringthis,athree-monthwaterqualitymonitoringwascarriedoutinthispaperusingHachwaterqualitytestertotestthreetypicalbodiesofwaterwhichhavedifferentoriginsandsourceofpollutionduringtherainyseasonofBeijing.
Theresultsshowedthaturbanstormwaterrunoffmayhaveseriousimpactonthequalityoflandscapewater.
IntroductionWaterlandscapeisanimportantpartofurbangreenarea,especiallytheparksinthecity.
Ithasmanyfunctionswhichcanbenefitthelandscapestructure,irrigationandwatersupply,waterdetentionandfloodcontrolaswellasbiodiversity.
Stormwaterrunoffhasbecomeoneofthemainsourceofpollutionofurbanwaterenvironment.
Owingtotherapidurbanization,impermeablelandsurfacesuchasbusinesscenter,residentialarea,roadsandparkinglotshaveincreasedleadingtothedecreaseofstormwaterpermeatingintotheunderground.
Therefore,surfacerunoffbecomesincreasinglymuch.
Undertheinfluenceoftheofsurfacerunoff'sscour,muchpollutionthatexistsonthegroundgoesintothewaterbodyandthenchangethephysical,chemicalandbiologicalpropertiesofthewater,becomingthemainelementwhichinfluencesthewaterquality[1].
ThemajorindexesofthemonitoringareCOD,BOD,Totalnitrogen(TN),totalphosphorus(TP)andammonianitrogen(NH3-N.
)andTSS[2].
ThroughthemonitoringofpollutantconcentrationoflandscapewaterbothinsunnyweatherandrainydaysandthencomparingtheresultswiththeClassIVwaterstandardinEnvironmentalQualityStandardsforSurfaceWater[3],Thechangeofwaterqualityandpollutioncausedbystormwaterwasanalyzedandthesuggestionswereputforward.
MethodologyResearchAreas.
TostudytheinfluenceofstormwaterinsummertothelandscapewaterofgreenareainBeijing,YuyuantanPark,OlympicForestParkandTheSummerPalacewerechosenasthethreeresearchareas.
Yuyuantanoccupiesatotalareaof136.
69hectaresandboasts74hectaresofwaterareawhichoriginatesfromJingmianddiversioncanalofYongding.
ItsGreencoverageratereachesover95%andboastsabout199,500typesofplants[4].
BeijingOlympicForestParkisnexttothetheOlympicstadiumareainthesouth,closetothesuburbangreenbeltinthenorthandstretchesacrossthecity'smainloop(theNorthFifthRing).
BeijingOlympicForestParkoccupiesatotalareaof68,000hectares(12,200hectaresofwaterarea,thevastmajorityofthewaterisstillwater)anditsplantcoveragereaches90%[5].
SummerPalacecoversanareaof290hectares.
ThesurfaceareaofKunminglakeintheSummerPalaceaccountsforabout78%oftheentirepark.
ThewaterinSummerPalaceoriginatesfromYuquanHill,ChangpingdiversionandJingmidiversion.
MonitoringMethod.
HachwaterqualitytestingmeterisusedtomonitortheindexessuchasCOD,BOD,Totalnitrogen,totalphosphorusandammonianitrogenandTSS,etc.
Themonitoringspotsaresetupbasedonthecharacteristicsoftheresearchareas.
AccordingtotheWaterandExhaustedWaterMonitoringAnalysisMethod,everyspotissetupintheplaceblowthewatersurfaceMonitoringResultsandAnalysisCODMonitoringResultAnalysis.
"EnvironmentQualityStandardsforSurfaceWater"(G3838-2002)inChinaprovidesthattheallowablevalueofCODinTable2.
Table1:StandardofCODClassIClassIIClassIIIClassIVClassVCOD≤1515203040AsshowninFigure1,themainlakeintheOlympicForestPark,thesummerpalaceKunmingLake,YuyuantanEastLakewaterqualitygenerallyofrainfallweatherworsethansunnyweather.
Thecurvefluctuationofthethreeresearchareasismoreuniform.
CODconcentrationinJuly19thwasbetterthanJuly6th.
BecauseoftherainstorminJuly19th,alargeamountofwater,thewaterflowspeed,enhanceself-purificationcapacityofCOD.
Duringtheperiod,alargeamountofwater,thewaterflowhighspeed,enhanceself-purificationcapacityofCOD.
Nomatterrainornon-rainfallweatherconditions,KunmingLakereachedclassIVstandard.
OlympicForestParklakeonlyinMay12thCODintheVclass.
OthermonitoringdatesareinlinewiththeIVclass.
YuyuantanEastLakeinJuly6thsunnyweatherconditions,CODexceededtheclassIVwaterstandard,whichbelongstotheclassVwater.
TheresultsofthethreestudyareasCODconcentrationshowthatYuyuantanEastLake>OlympicForestParkLake>KunmingLake.
Therefore,theKunminglakewaterqualityisbest,YuyuantanEastLakeisrelativelypoor.
Fig1:CODinlandscapewaterFig2:TPinlandscapewaterTPMonitoringResultAnalysis.
"EnvironmentQualityStandardsforSurfaceWater"(G3838-2002)inChinaprovidesthattheallowablevalueofTPinTable3.
Table2:StandardofTPClassIClassIIClassIIIClassIVClassVTP≤0.
020.
10.
20.
30.
4AsshowninFigure2,comprehensivestudyoftheTPdatainallareas,only25%ofthedataincompliancewiththeIVclass,33%belongtotheVclass,42%belongtotheinferiorVclass.
Onsunnydays,theTPwerealsoinexcessoftheIVclassstandards.
ThattotalphosphorusinwaterofBeijingparksseriouslyexceedthestandard.
TheOlympicForestParkandYuyuantaneastlakefluctuationcurveofregularityissimilar.
TheoveralltrendoftheTPintherainwaterwasincreased.
ThefluctuationofKunminglakehasacompletelyoppositetrendwiththeothertworesearchareas.
ThetrendofTPinKunminglakeisdecreasedinthepresenceofrainfall.
TheTPinKunminglakewasgenerallyveryhighofsunnydays,allofwhichbelongedtoVclassandinferiorVclassstandard.
TNMonitoringResultAnalysis.
"EnvironmentQualityStandardsforSurfaceWater"(G3838-2002)inChinaprovidesthattheallowablevalueofTNinTable4.
Table3:StandardofTNClassIClassIIClassIIIClassIVClassVTN≤0.
20.
51.
01.
52.
0AsshowninFigure3,thereissimilartothatofKunminglakeandtheOlympicForestParkLakeintherainfallandsunnyweatherconditionsoftotalnitrogenconcentrationfluctuationcurve.
TheTNconcentrationofrainfallishigherthanthatofsunnyweather.
AndintheMay,June,JulyTNinthewaterthereisagradualdownwardtrend.
Themainreasonisthattheplantisflourishinginsummer,whichcaneffectivelypurifythewaterquality.
KunminglakeandtheOlympicForestParkcurveissimilartothelawoffluctuation.
ButtheTNinthemainlakeofOlympichigherthanthatofKunmingLake.
TheTNinKunminglakeisconsistentwiththeIVstandard.
TheTNoftheOlympicForestParkinJuneandJulywasinaccordancewiththeIIIstandard.
Vclassstandardsforrainfallconditions.
InMay,thatwasbadderthanVcriterion.
Yuyuantanisdifferentfromtheothertwostudyareafluctuation.
ShowsthatthefirsttimerainwaterTN>sunnyweatherwaterTN>secondrainwaterTN.
Fig3:TNinlandscapewaterFig4:NH3-NinlandscapewaterNH3-NMonitoringResultAnalysis.
"EnvironmentQualityStandardsforSurfaceWater"(G3838-2002)inChinaprovidesthattheallowablevalueofNH3-NinTable5.
Table4:StandardsofNH3-NClassIClassIIClassIIIClassIVClassVNH3-N≤0.
150.
51.
01.
52.
0AsshowninFigure4,threeresearchsitesshowedsignificantlyhigherconcentrationofNH3-Ninwaterundertheconditionofrainfallweathertrend.
Butfromthecurvetrend,changesofmainlakeofOlympicForestParkandEastLakeofYuyuantanaremoresimilar.
Toanalyzethewaterqualityofthethreeresearchareas.
WhetheritisrainorsunnyweatherconditionstheconcentrationofNH3-NcanreachIIstandards.
ItshowsthatthewaterofparkgreenspaceinBeijingisverygoodforthecontrolofthepollutantindexofNH3-N.
Fig5:TSSinlandscapewaterTSSMonitoringResultAnalysis.
AsshowninFigure5,threestudyareainsunnyweatherwithrainsvariationofTSSconcentrationtherewasasimilarity,substantiallyhigherthantheTSSrainssunnyweather.
TSSrainfallishigherthanthefineweather.
IstheYuyuantancruiseactivitiesfrequentlymainlyduetothepeakinJune3rdinthesunnyweathersituation.
HumanactivityhasacertaineffectontheconcentrationofTSSinwater.
ConclusionsAccordingtothewaterqualitymonitoringofthreelandscapewaterforaperiodofthreemonthsinBeijing.
Itcanbeobservedthatthepollutioncausedbytherainwaterrunofffromtheurbanrainwatercancauseaseriousimpactonthelandscapewaterbody.
Therearesomemainreasonsforthedifferenceinthedegreeofwaterpollutionfromthestormwaterrunoff.
First,thewaterresourcesofthethreestudyareasaredifferent,andthereareobviousdifferencesinthevariousindicators.
Second,thedegreeofnaturalrevetmentiscausedbythedifferentinfluencedegreeofrunoffareimportantreasonforthedifference.
Comparedwithartificialhardeningrevetmentthenaturalrevetmentcanreducerunoffvelocityandtoreducethepollutantintheprocessoftransmission.
Third,differencesintheamountofwaterinthewaterisalsooneofthefactors.
Root,stemandleafofplantcanplayacertainroleinterceptionofrainwaterrunoff.
Throughcomparativeanalysis.
Tobettercontrolandoptimizethelandscapewaterqualityandreducetheimpactonwaterqualityofrainwaterrunoff.
Firstly,itshouldbedoneonwatersourcesqualitycontrol.
Proposedthecorrespondingsolutionstrategiesforpollutantindextohighlightgovernance.
Ifnecessaryitwillcreateartificialrainwetlands,grassedswales,sunkengreenspace,raingardensandothergreeninfrastructuretopurifywater.
Andpayattentiontotheamountofwateronplantcultivationandconservation.
Reasonablerevetmentandplantingwithaquaticplantscaneffectivelyalleviatethepollutionofstormwaterrunoff.
Whiletheplanninganddesignstageforlargelandscapewatersshouldavoidexcessivehardrevetment,reducingthepossibilityofstormwaterrunoffdirectlyintothewaterbodylandscape.
AcknowledgmentsThisworkwasfinanciallysupportedbyScientificResearchTrainingprogramforCollegeStudents---StudyoncomprehensiveecologicalbenefitsofConstructedWetland.
Itemstatuscoding:(XN001-105).
References[1]LILi-qing,YINCheng-qing,KONGLing-li,HEQing-ci:EffectofAntecedentDryWeatherPeriodonUrbanStormRunoffPollutionLoad,edtiedbyenviromentalscience,2287-2293(2007).
[2]CHENSi-jia,SUDe-rong,ComparisonandmonitoringofwaterqualityindifferentwaterareaofurbangreenspaceinBeijing,edtiedbyJournalofCentralSouthUniversityofForestry&Technology,122-149(2013).
[3]ThePeople'sRepublicofChinaStandard.
GB3838-2002.
[4]XiaoXiong-fang,TheComparativeStudyofRecreationalCharacteristiconTheGreenwayandCityParkUsers,(2014).
[5]HUJie,WUYi-xia,LVLu-shan,WaterSystemPlanofBeijingOlympicForestPark,edtiedbyChinesegarden,14-19(2006).
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