linearsuperdome

IntroductionIntroductionBackgroundSolutions:EnvironmentalandEngineeringIntermissionSolutions:SocialandPoliticalConclusionBackgroundIntroductionBackgroundSolutions:EnvironmentalandEngineeringIntermissionSolutions:SocialandPoliticalConclusionGeographyofNewOrleansHurricaneKatrinaEnvironmentalIssuesAlternativePlans100YearPlanNewOrleansGeographyLakePontchartrain(north)LakeBorgne(east)MississippiRiver(throughthecity)GulfofMexico(south)Wetlands(southeast)EnvironmentalConcernsElevation–from2maboveto5mbelowsealevelMississippiRiverbedisrisingSubsidence–5-8mmperyearReductionofWetlands–75sq.
kmperyearSeaLevelRise–11cmto77cmin100yearsGlobalWarmingHurricaneKatrinaMadelandfallasaCategory3insoutheasternLouisianaSustainedwindsof125mphProjectedstormsurgeof28ftOnAugust28th,MayorRayNaginenactedthefirstmandatoryevacuationplanSuperdomehoused26,000peopleStormsurgecausedseveralleveebreachesandfloodedcityOveralldeathtoll:1,800GovernmentResponseResponsewasslowandinefficientFEMAmobilized1000HomelandSecurityworkersFirefightersandambulancecrewsnotallowedinimmediatelyFederalgovernmentlackedsufficientdevastationinformationProblemswithlootingSuperdomebecameahumanitariancrisisSearchandrescueeffortswereuncoordinatedIncreasingHurricaneIntensityHurricaneBetsy-196581casualties$1.
4billionHurricaneCamille-1969335casualties$11billionHurricanesKatrinaandRita-20052,000casualties$105billionLooking100YearsIntoTheFutureThePossibilities&TheFinalProposalThePossibilitiesRebuildandImproveAbandonNorthShorePlanTheFinalProposalRebuildandImproveRebuildbetterthanpre-KatrinaHighcostHighriskPreservesuniqueNewOrleanscultureMaintainseconomyAbandonDeemedtooriskytoliveinOrganizedrelocationofcitizensLowcostLowriskTheNorthShorePreserveuniqueportionsHistoricalEconomicfunctionsRelocateresidentstoSt.
TammanyParishMakeNewOrleansacommutercityHighriskonNorthShorealsoLackofavailablelandTheFinalProposalDownsizetohistoricalsectorMovemajorportfunctionsPortofSouthLouisianaBatonRougeNewhurricaneandfloodprotectionsystemCitizens'RelocationCommittee(CRC)UserivertodevelopwetlandsTheFinalProposalIncorporatesthebestfromtheotherpossibilitiesPreserveshistoricalsectorProvidesforrelocationofporteconomyCRCprovidesforsafetyofsuburbanresidentsSmallerregiontoprotectLowerlong-termcostLowerriskSolutions:EnvironmentalandEngineeringIntroductionBackgroundSolutions:EnvironmentalandEngineeringIntermissionSolutions:SocialandPoliticalConclusionSeaLevelRiseWetlandsRiversFloodProtectionSystemGlobalWarmingIncreaseintemperatureCausedbyemissionofgreenhousegasesAffectonsealevelrise:ThermalExpansionMeltingglaciers,icecapsChangestohydrauliccycleSeaLevelRiseRange:10cmto100cm(IPCCThirdAssessmentReport)Median:48cmModelsused:CCCma,GFDL,Hadley-CM3,MPIUncertaintyofSeaLevelRiseDonotcapturemultipleclimateeffectsUncertaintyinheatuptakebydeepoceanTimescalesleadtoinactioninpolicyKyotoProtocolSubsidenceTypesof:Endogenic–causedbyhumanactivitiesExogenic–causedbynaturalprocessesCauses:GroundwaterwithdrawalPetroleumextractionTectonicmotionCostofSeaLevelRise$20-150billionifsealevelsrise100cm(Pugh,2004)$370milliondrylanddamages$893millionforwetlandsdamage$200-475billionforcoastalstabilization$57-174millionintransientcosts1500damagedhomesyearly(McCarthy,2001)Louisiana'sWetlands:FunctionsCommercialimportanceProduces1/4ofthenation'soilandnaturalgasProduces1/3ofthenation'sfisheries'landingsHosts2ndlargestwildlifehabitatintheU.
S.
ProtectiveimportanceProtectionagainststormsurgesEvery3-4linearmilesofhealthywetlandsreducesstormsurgeby1footLongTermReduceandcompensateforcurrentrateoflossof75squarekilometersperyearPrepareforsealevelriseMaintainbarrierislandsImproveknowledgeofecosystemdynamicsandrestorationtechnologyWetlandsProblemsandSolutionsDrainingandFillingZoninglawsCanalsandChannelsUsefewercanalsPreventfurthererosionfromcanalsErosionBarrierIslandsUseofdredgedsedimentsRevegetationRiverdiversionsDrainingandFillingProposedLegislation:Prohibitdrainingandfillingofecologicallyimportantwetlands100footbufferbetweenwetlandsanddevelopedareasBestmanagementtechniquesfordrillingandfarmingCanalsSmallScaleCanalImpactCanaldredgingHuman-alteredhydrologyandsubstratecollapseLargeScaleCanalImpactDeepnavigationcanalsPipelines8,000milesofpipelinesacrosscoastalLouisianaBarrierIslandsKatrina'sdestructionofChandeleurbarrierislands(approximately50%loss)Present-day:slowrateofrecoveryImmediately:dredgingSanddepositsofpreviousdeltalobes(i.
e.
ShipShoal)DredgedSediments-MarshSedimentpumpedintoorplacedonshallowwaterareasIncreaseselevationofmarshesorcreatesnewmarshMixedsuccessMaybecomemoreimportantinthecontextofincreasedsealevelRevegetationMajorplantdeathSaltwaterintrusionLackofnutrientsStabilizationofsoilSpeciesmustbewell-adaptedtopredictedconditionsSpartinacantoleratemoderatesalinityRiverDistributariesDredgedsedimentsandrevegetationareinefficienttocontinuelongtermSedimentandnutrientdeliverysystemRaiseelevationCounteractsubsidenceReviveecosystemstoreduceerosionDistributariesTwodistributariesEachdivertupto1/5ofnormalriverdischargeFloodgateatentrypointtocontrolwaterlevelOpenwiderduringfloodsOpenlessduringlowwaterArmoredbanksDistributariesEAST:BretonSoundFillinMRGOuntilVioletCanalVioletCanalandMRGOformdistributaryWEST:BaratariaBayWilkinsonCanalformsdistributaryEstablishBaratariaWaterwayasmaincanalforLafayetteoilandgasfieldCutoffSoutherncutoff2crevassesbetweencutoffandBuras–maintainnavigation,notfloodcontrolNoleveesbelowBuras–navigationchannelwillnotbemaintainedEntryPoint:BurasBurastoreplaceHeadofPassesasmainentrypointtodeepdraftchannelTwonavigationcanalswillallowentryfromeastandwestBird-footdeltaabandoned;nothingsouthofBurasunlessbuiltonadeepwaterplatformProblem:RiverbedRiseRiverbedriseSedimentbuildsuponriverbedbecauseitcannotbedistributedonfloodplainIncreasingstressonOldRiverControlStructureMaintains70%dischargethroughcurrentMississippiRiverchannelDredgingRivercurrentlybeingdredgedtomaintainnavigationchannelVerycostlybutfeasiblebecauseofeconomicimportanceofriverWingDamsWingdams:dikesthatextendfromariver'sbankswhileallowingwatertoflowunhinderedthroughthemiddleofthechannelWaterbehinddamswillslowanddropsediment,buildingupsedimentbehindthedamRiverchannelwillnarrowanddeepenWingDams,cont.
Increasedcurrentvelocityandpressureonbedwillincreaseerosion,promoteself-scouringprocesstobringbedlevelclosertosealevelRiverbanksmustbearmored,sothatincreasederosionoccursonthebottomandnotthesidesNewriverentrypointatBurasshortenshorizontaldistance,allowingerosiontosteepenprofileNewRiverSpecificationsBelowBatonRougemaintain500ftwidemainchannel,wideenoughtoaccommodateriverboattrafficBetweenPortofSouthLouisianaandWilkinsonCanalmaintain650ftwidemainchannel,toaccommodatethetrafficatPortofNewOrleans,especiallyboatsturningaroundOldRiverErosionofbedclosertosealevelwilldecreaseheightdifferencebetweenAtchafalayaandMississippibedsatOldRiver,currently12-14ftMaterialwillbedredgedfrombehindOldRivertomatchchangingelevationofMississippiRiverbedIncreasescapacityanduseofexistingstructureforfloodcontrolFloodProtectionSystemPlansFillingintheMississippiRiverGulfOutletFloodgatesanddoublepumpsonthe17thStreet,OrleansAvenue,andLondonAvenueCanalLeveesLeveeReconstructionMonitoringandMaintenanceFilling-IntheMississippiRiverGulfOutletStormsurgecomingupoutletwasintensified,causingleveestobebreachedFilling-inprotectsagainstfunneleffectCommercial/industrialimpactFloodgatesandDoublePumpsFloodgatesstopwaterfromcomingintothecitythroughthecanalsGatesclosewhenstormsurgethreatensGovernancebyNOAAIncreaseandredesignpumpsystemthroughoutcityLeveeandFloodwallReconstructionPatchworksystemLeveespoorlymonitoredSubsidenceI-wallsprotectingLowerNinthWardNewOrleansEastleveesovertoppedanderodedI-wallswerenotabletohandlepressurefromstormsurgesScouringandseepagecausedsomeI-wallstofailFoundationswerepoorSolutionsRebuildtowithstandCategory5hurricane:ReplaceI-wallswithT-wallsSelectiveleveearmoringRolledclayleveesReplacepoorfoundationswithcompactedsoilNewleveesfromIntracoastalWaterwaytoJeffersonWestLeveeSystemMonitoringandMaintenanceLeveeGovernanceBoardYearlyleveeinventoryDifferentialGlobalPositioningSystemtomonitorsubsidenceRoleofArmyCorpsTimelineNov2006Sept20072010Temporaryfloodgatesoncanals.
220milesofleveerepaired.
Floodwallsandleveesraisedtoapprovedheightsandengineeringerrorsfixed.
FloodProtectionSystemcomplete.
IntermissionIntroductionBackgroundSolutions:EnvironmentalandEngineeringIntermissionSolutions:SocialandPoliticalConclusionAbsorbingtheInformationThe100YearPlanEnvironmentalandEngineeringIssuesSealevelriseandsubsidenceWetlandsMississippiRiverFloodProtectionSystemSolutions:SocialandPoliticalIntroductionBackgroundSolutions:EnvironmentalandEngineeringIntermissionSolutions:SocialandPoliticalConclusionDownsizing/ZoningPorts/Jobs/RelocationSocial/CulturalInsurance/BuildingCodesEvacuationCostsCommitteeforContinuedMonitoringDownsizingByDistrictWhatDoWeDoNowRiskofsubsidence,sealevelrise,increasedstormsurgeReturnedpopulation-190,000;43%ofthe2004populationof440,000ResidentsrebuildingRepairHurricaneProtectionSystems-$300millionspentbyArmyCorpsofEngineersLakeviewandGentillySafeintheshorttermRepairedHurricaneProtectionSystems:$170millionspentbyArmyCorpsofEngineersPlansforanother$120millioninfutureprojectsNecessaryforgeneralprotectionofcityWillbezonedover50years50YearZoningPlanNoimmigration10yearsNohouseholdadditions5yearsNonewhouseconstructionImmediateZoningLawTimeCriteriaforClearingNeighborhoodsSuperdomehoused26,000people9%ofpopulationhasnocaraccessSolution:PublicbustransportationtocommonevacuationdestinationsSetupadditionallocalsheltersStaffandsupplySuperdomewithamaximumcapacityBatonRougeOverpopulationProblemBatonRouge'spopulationnearlydoubledwithincomingevacueesSolution:Allowonlyupto50-100,000refugeesintocityLSUastemporaryshelterDevelopHoustonasevacuationdestinationbydesignatingAstrodomeasashelterandAstrodome/ReliantCenterComplexasahealthclinicCurrentPlan:PhaseSystemSlow-movingCategory3orhigher30BetweenMississippiRiverandI-123Category2orhigher40BetweenIntracoastalWaterwayandMississippiRiver2Category1orhigher50SouthofIntracoastalWaterway1StrengthofHurricaneTimeBeforeLandfall(hrs.
)LocationPhaseAdditionsPhase3beginscontraflowDuringPhase1,beginpre-supplyingsheltersinNewOrleanswithfood,water,andfirst-aidkitsContractprivatecompaniestodosoandtostockexcessemergencysuppliessuchasflashlightsandbatteriesthroughouthurricaneseason.
EvacuationCooperation20-30%ofNewOrleanspopulationfailedtoevacuateSolution:Remindpublicofhurricanedangers;increaseevacuationcooperationHurricaneAwarenessWeekContinuetoadvertise/distributeinfopertainingtoevacuationroutes,homesecurity,bustransportstopsCostsofShort-TermPlan$22,672,313,000+$500,370pergovernmentsubsidizedandinsuredhouseTOTAL$248,855,000MississippiRiver$1,401,345CityPlanningandInsurance$6,480,400,000AcquisitionofLand$2,500,000Clean-UpandRecycling$15,125,000,000LeveeRepair&Construction$815,558,000WetlandRestorationCostsofLong-TermPlan$82,935,000,000TOTAL$3,500,000,000MississippiRiverMonitoringandMaintenance$40,000,000,000PhasingOutofPeopleandIndustry$15,000,000,000LeveeRepair&Maintenance$24,435,000,000WetlandRestorationCommitteeforContinuedMonitoringExpertsandprofessionalsfrommanydifferentfieldsProvidesflexibilitytoourproposalKeepingNewOrleanssafeinthefutureConclusionIntroductionBackgroundSolutions:EnvironmentalandEngineeringIntermissionSolutions:SocialandPoliticalConclusionConclusionAplanofintegrationAdownsized,sustainablecityANewOrleansforthefutureCreditsWewouldliketothankSamBowring,RafaelBras,AriEpstein,KatrinaCornell,ourUndergraduateTeachingFellows,ourAlumniMentors,DebraAczel,MariaShkolnik,RuthWeinrib,andthelibrarians.
Wewouldalsoliketothankthepanelists.
Mission2010:NewOrleans