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mobilephonefreeXXX  时间:2021-03-01  阅读:()
PredictionofTCPThroughput:Formula-basedandHistory-basedMethodsPaperID:118Pages:12ABSTRACT102%3546¨¨'&879%7@46¨'¨'&AB¨'DCE#&FHGIP&QRS54T¤UBI%3WVEX`YaGI¨bDCA%&F546¨'&8"c%&S§#R¨`4B&¨BR¤2d6¨'7RS5¨Ge#f¨G8G8¨)#(gh#G8F6i!
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INTRODUCTIONPermissiontomakedigitalorhardcopiesofallorpartofthisworkforpersonalorclassroomuseisgrantedwithoutfeeprovidedthatcopiesarenotmadeordistributedforprotorcommercialadvantageandthatcopiesbearthisnoticeandthefullcitationontherstpage.
Tocopyotherwise,torepublish,topostonserversortoredistributetolists,requirespriorspecicpermissionand/orafee.
Copyright200XACMX-XXXXX-XX-X/XX/XX.
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"""####$$$$%%%&&&'''(((0.
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20.
30.
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501234567RMSRETrace#1MA10MAHWHWLSO)01233334455555566677899@@AAAAAABBBBBBCCCCDDEEFGGHIIIIIIPPPPPPQRSSTTUUUVVV0.
10.
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30.
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501234567RMSRETrace#WWXXYY``aaaaaabbbccccccccddddeeeeeeeeeefffffgghhiiipppqqqqrrssssttuuuuvvwwwxxxyy0.
10.
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30.
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501234567RMSRETrace#ddddddeeeeeeeeffffgggggghhhhhhiiiiiijjjjjjkkkkklllllmmmmmnnnnnoooooopppppp0.
10.
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501234567RMSRETrace#qqqqqqrrrrrrssssttttuuuuuuuuuuvvvvvwwwwwwwwwwxxxxxyyyyyyyyzzzz{{{{{{{{||||||||}}}}}}}}}}~~~~~~~~~~0.
10.
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501234567RMSRETrace#¤¤¤¤¤§§§§§§¨¨¨¨¨¨0.
10.
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10.
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501234567RMSRETrace#**ààà0.
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8101234567RMSRETrace#ááááééééééééééééêêêêêêììììììììòòòòòóóóóóóóóóóóóóó÷÷÷÷÷ùùùùùúúúúúüüüüüü0.
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501234567RMSRETrace#X¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¨¨¨¨##$$$%%%00.
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5201234567RMSRETrace#&'&&'&&'&&'&&'&((((())))))00000011111112222222333333344444445'55'55'55'55'55'55'5666666677777778888888999999@@@@@@A'AA'AA'AA'AB'BB'BB'BB'BCCCCCCDDDDDDE'EE'EE'EE'EFFFFGGGGGHHHHHI'II'II'II'IP'PP'PP'PP'PQ'QQ'QQ'QQ'QQ'QR'RR'RR'RR'RR'RSSSSTTTT0.
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701234567RMSRETrace#UUUUUUVVVVVVWWWWWWWXXXXXXXYYYYYYYYYY`````aaaaaaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbccccccccccccccdddddddeeeeeeeeffffffffgggggghhhhhhiiiiiiiippppqqqqqqqqqqrrrrrssssssssssssttttttuuuuuvvvvvwwwwwxxxxxyyyyy0.
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701234567RMSRETrace#odsnUp0qsqss#wse#Upob%i3gthXi!
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1.
2ProcessorSharingmodelwithPoissonsessionarrivalscG3üAhü*3e*üEü%áIáGGVs'átmgEtüEü%3áGI*hg1háGtI13EGüf~xáGthü*33ü%tV1*cáGtáVh%7~áVGIs*g3t*3á%s*h1*EkáGIVGtáG3*qV3VVüt'VG1k1kt%VI*qü%ü%VVüGü33VsàáG0UEmG*ycthI%V3ü'áGVEVV1ü%tf0cttü'k%3I*§ümGI*1üVáGthü%GVkgüVáGsUááG1kpg3tU3XGü33Vü't'GVEGEIh3%tkáGtGtEG'GdV3VVü1áG1káGtEáGt3àtt3ü%tVG37UáGu'g|bt3áGtUd3EGüfáGthhü%GmkGüG1'áGhü*3dü%0Eü%3áGI*1k±m±wu'VGsüx~hü*31k0áGAcEá7áV%bEIf1eüGGhuáGGütág|Gt%EáG*tüIuü%áGáGt'áIxáGthü*EychUGGG3áGI*áGtVgáGtI8qGü3EV3táYáGXáGsgEgsüxáGGütág|~cGüs'tVGtáGübü%áGtkgExü%t%EáG'süxáG~%güUXGü33VVü's'Gkhhü*ExA3àgmtV'áGk'áGIáGü*EG#áGtXáGtEátüxáGGütág|~ühg|±A·xp·Tà±UxügEGéèêpìíG±VüIáGtt*t'**E1UáG1ü%'s*g|'7dtEáGGüEGI*k1ü*·`Xcü%tVEG%'áGGtGhc'áGsUádGümváGtG3áVhü*30fg3EtIuk{rróòróru}rouylz}{m{~{yluàuk{rtro·Ty÷`tylzùumuó{frkt{k{uyf{~}r}{tmuym{úE}{yguywrmz{~}}rm}dz`{~}*k{xy{~}rtrormz`yluywrmzk7.
2EffectofDegreeofMultiplexingctY3ü%3áGüs'mG*ümváGs'áxtácü'uáVhüxhüü'áGtEG%tE*'G33ü'ttàáGtwVáG1'%EYgü'sVt3ü%tV%áG1süxáuVuVrt*t3shü*3cGüts*EGá%t*tEáGtEYáG1fáGtàáGümkt3áGü|Ac§áGGütá%Tc3f%t*àVüXs*EsUáGhüV1*Emhü*37ürüVVüqVEVV1ü%'VGxáGI*qü'áGYGü3EVVü%s'Gkàhü*3lII3tüIuVkgüVV3VVücUGUáGhàáGI*e%s*dü%Vr1~GUáGdü%73%V3VVc3ü%tc%t*k*t%táGüYctgEfü%VEVV1ü%tükáGt1kbü%1üxVVü*áVGtfáGüb±m±yáGhI%%t*%'G1%3°rUIct~áG133*1k3ms'3àá'áu%güáGhàáGhI'{°r±t°rs's*%'G1't3'x±TUxw7üáGtTXáG~I'11'ts%t*f1*áGühh±°r·±A·wkgü%VáGs3áG|áGI'áGüj·3ü%tIEGI'V#áGtuV3VVüVG3u'áGúVüáGt'ácáG#IEgEü%V3VVGt1k°rY1EGI'V3t*t'áGüwuVüxáGsUáuáG3EGI'V3àáGáGt*sUGGürwct3üfthháGsUá{rftj{k{utrtmuym{E}{vmyguyrmzq{~}~}rm}mmuk{rzùd{~}rdrhk{~uyCzùòrrmzQuk{rtylzylz}{m{~§k{~zuk{uytyuywrmz}{*mylzrzumzu7.
3SummaryctV3EáGü%tVI*Vr~%t%áG13%Ukh3áGcáGü3üftáGtubüüxgüáGoáGtG31'áGGI*EáGü%EVGü'7tEG3%V3àáGkáGtáGt#s*GGh#VEG33oáGtrümü%áGthIeGü33Vkü0ük3ü%%3áGI*1ktü%áGgytüIáGGüEü%3áGI*1ktEGI%VEàáGáG#ümEG3*G~1koáGtbGUGüE3V*3EGI'V3àáGáGtkgEü'c3ümrgEáGdsüxGgeàáGáG1IIáG1ü%Gk'173üxkadHH¤TBG8(¤0ITB&oS5H¨(¤Gry&¨2d#G8¨1#sTGw8&R¤¨f#Gw7G8TBS54B¤BG2#3v¨'0B#R#G8)B¨b&fB¨qQ¤Gw0R&h%G8¤¨GW%"tuVApi¨B#qCA¨1¨#(¤G8##(¤)y¨1pB¨4B&¨H¤TBG46#¤HGrTG8¤UG8¤SrT()y)#G%"`d6%tuVAp#7@tuVAp8&hy"x7Ri¨Bo%s¤R(¤TB¨BG8¨G8)ST2&¨G8TB(GsBTB¨eoG843R¨RGw8&h%¤HGi8.
CONCLUSIONStAB¤Gs43#46¨b&s¤¨Gw¤U%¨§@CAR(Q%G8G8¨Gu#"gB&#TUB4TA4B&¨BR7%&Gs"c#&()%&U#¨tuVAp8&h#BGw"c¨'&Gi!
4B&¨BR¤¤Ge#W%88&hR¤¨#4B¤gI%UB¨'GHTB&¨r¤8&TG8¤¨S5¨#G8TB&¨'S5¨G%&f#0v¤Gw#&80v#"`4B&¤#&ftuVAp8&h%Gw"x¨'&Giu¨q¨S5BGw8&h%¨1B1CA¨¨b&3yR#od6¨E¤RRT&h%¨I#¨G846¨RQ%(¤(¤0oCu¨'B¨!
8&h%Gw7"x¨'&sy8¨S54BGGyTB&h%¨sB¨s43%gIH#CA¨e¨'4()%)B¨1B¨u&¨%7G8#Ga"x#&B¨G8¨r¨'&8&%&Gie`u4B&¨1R¤$Ig#fB¨r%¨'&a3#gI¤GTB¤¨WRRTB&h%¨qdBTBr¤§¤G"x¨1#G8¤d(¤¨fB(0Cu¨sW)G§¤Gw7%&802#"4&¨H)#TGutuVAps8&h#Gw"x¨'&Gu¤f¨aG#S5¨a4%gir(#TUB¨R'RTB&hR0W%"e`4&¨1BR¤#B¨'GeB#B¨'46¨3§G8SrTR2B¨rRT3%(4B&¨BR#&1I`B¨GaB¨46¨q¨8&h%Gw"c¨b&1GaS§%H7¤STSRU#¨Gw¤Cu)B1CG8¤§¨5##jB¨rTB¨'&(0¤U243y$i¨¨'4()%)B¨1vB¨43y¨46¨B¨R0sd3%G8¨1#DCE"gR#&GB¨(¤##vB¨B¨'U#&¨¨q%"`SrTB()4B(¤¨')BUj#B¨f¤U§(¤¤F%"A¨43y$iDf"cTBT&¨CE#&F6ICET()d6¨¤H¨b&¨Gw¤Uff¨'H7%S5¤¨oH0d&Qf4B&¨1R#&GICuRf&¨'(¤0ftuVAphS5HB¨(¤G)qB¨%dG8¨R¨u#"&¨R¨'HrB)Gw%&80iqB#B¨'&!
B&¨R¤CETB(Qd6¨s¨'7¨(¤4§tuVApj&TU#4BTBqS5HB¨'()GuG846¨RR#(¤(0§B¨'G8)U#¨1"x#&4&¨1BR¤#$I%3W3yh%F¨#Ga¤B4TBGu#%&¤TBGa¨Gw¤S§y¨Ga%"B¨s43y(¤IHdTUBI#R&G8Gq8&h%ReRU#¨Gw¤5&¨G846#B7G8¤¨'¨G8GioDq¨'&S5G#"Ee`p4&¨1BR¤#$IgS5#&¨RS54B(¤¨'q4B&¨BR7%&G§gG8TR#GoeiwS5H¨(¤GhdR#d6¨#(¤G8q¨##(¤T3y¨1gI$¨¨BTBU§T&AS5¨1%G8TB&¨S5¨Gr¤3BRyEB¨4&¨1BR¤#2¨b&8&#&¤Gu%(¤&¨02TB¤¨(¤yCI4&d3%d(05"c%&e#054&hRR%(g4BTB&46#G8¨GI)S5#Gwu43yGi9.
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