gastrostomy168post

287SocietyofAmericanGastrointestinalandEndoscopicSurgeons(SAGES)2020H.
Asbunetal.
(eds.
),TheSAGESManualofBiliarySurgery,https://doi.
org/10.
1007/978-3-030-13276-7IndexAAberrantducts,7Accessoryduct,7Acutecholecystitis(AC),40,41ASA-PSscore,66CCIscore,66diagnosticcriteria,66,67difficultcholecystectomy,135,137,139grade1(mild)AC,70gradeII(moderate)AC,70,71gradeIII(severe),72–74optimaltiming,74,75predictivefactors,66TG18treatmentstrategy,69Acuteinflammatoryprocess,41Anomalousduct,7Aparoscopiccholecystectomyacutebiliarypancreatitis,76acutecholecystitis(seeAcutecholecystitis)percutaneoustranshepaticgallbladderdrainage,75transfercriteria,75,76BBalloonassistedendoscopy,180,181Balloonenteroscopy-assistedERCP,246Balloonsphincteroplasty,162Bileductinjury(BDI),3,28bileducttransection,215,218classification,218,219delayedidentificationcompleteCBDtransection/occlusion,227–229cysticductstumpleak,225lateral/partialBDI,226,227incidence,234intraoperativecholangiography,215intraoperativemanagementnotissueloss,219,221tissueloss,221,222location,215,216noproximalhepaticducts,216,217operativemanagementhepaticoduodenostomy,234,236hepaticojejunostomy,236,237reversalofgastricbypass,237,238Roux-en-Ygastricbypassanatomy,233–235288Biliaryaccesstechniquescontrast-assistedbiliarycannulation,156guidewire-assistedbiliarycannulation,157,158pre-cutsphincterotomy,158sphincterotomy,158Biliaryanatomycriticalviewofsafety,7cysticartery,16,18cysticduct,14,15epicholedochalplexus,9falciformligament,8hepatocystictriangle,6righthepaticartery,19,21righthepaticduct,10,11Rouviere'ssulcus,8sectionalducts,8segmentalducts,8triangleofCalot,6variantduct,7Biliarypancreatitis,76Biliarysludge,125Biliarysphincterotomy,160,280CCalot's'triangle,7Charlsoncomorbidityindex(CCI)score,66Cholangitis,171,172Cholecysto-cholangiogram,95Cholecystokinin(CCK),59Choledocholithiasisatypicalsymptoms,242non-obesevs.
obeseadults,241non-operativemanagementballoonenteroscopy-assistedERCP,246percutaneoustranshepaticcholangiography,drainage/stoneextraction,244,245patientevaluation,242surgicalmanagementendoscopic/trans-prostheticTGERCP,255,256endoscopicultrasoundguidedgastro-gastricfistula,256,257laparoscopy-assistedTGERCP,247,248,254,255percutaneousgastrostomytechnique,247remnantstomach,255technique,243Chroniccholecystitis,59,139,140Cirrhosis,42,141,142Commonbileductexploration(CBDE),seeLaparoscopiccommonbileductexplorationCommonbileductstones(CBDS),98,100,125endoscopicretrogradecholangiopancreatographyballoonandwire-basket,163,164balloonsphincteroplasty,162biliaryaccesssphincterotomy,158choledocholithiaisis,153,154combinedapproach,177contrast-assistedbiliarycannulation,156endoscopicballoonsphincterdilation,162endoscopicpapillaryballoondilation,162,163guidewire-assistedbiliarycannulation,157,158history,154intra-operative,175,177lithotripsy,164–166,168post-operative,177,178289pre-cutsphincterotomy,157,158preoperative,175,176sphincterotomy,160,161transcysticdrainage,178geneticcomponents,151naturalhistory,152non-operativemanagementballoonassistedendoscopy,180,181EndoscopicUltrasoundRendezvoustechnique,180extracorporealshockwavelithotripsy,181PercutaneousRendezvoustechnique,179,180operativecholedochoduodenostomy,178operativemanagementcholangitis,171,172incompleteendoscopicductclearance,172,173pre-cut/biliaryaccesssphincterotomy,173percutaneoustechniquesbiliarytree,169difficultendoscopicbiliaryaccess,167expulsionorextraction,170,171primarycholedocholithiasis,152Commonhepaticduct(CHD),10,11Contrast-assistedbiliarycannulation,156Criticalviewofsafety(CVS),7,28–30,130,214Cysticartery(CA),16,18Cysticduct,14,15,94Cysticechinococcosisdisease,279DDelayedbileductinjurycompleteCBDtransection/occlusion,227–229cysticductstumpleak,225lateral/partialBDI,226,227Difficultcholecystectomyacutecholecystitis,135,137,139alternate/bail-outproceduresconventionalapproach,145,146subtotalcholecystectomy,146chroniccholecystitis,139,140cirrhosis,141,142difficultaccessandexposureobesity,134–136priorabdominalsurgery,134Mirizzisyndrome,140patient-relatedanddisease-relatedcategories,133percutaneouscholecystostomytubedrainage,143,144Ductotomy,206,209Duodenaldiverticulum,156EElectrohydrauliclithotripsy,166Endoscopicballoonsphincterdilation(EBSD),162Endoscopicbilioentericanastomosesendoscopicultrasound-guidedbileductpuncture,266EUS-BD,267EUS-CDS,267EUS-HGS,267indications,267,268outcomes,269,270technicalaspects,268Endoscopiclithotripsy,164Endoscopicpapillaryballoondilation(EPBD),162,163290Endoscopicretrogradecholangiopancreatography(ERCP),56–58,120,266balloonandwire-basket,163,164balloonsphincteroplasty,162bileductinjury,223,224biliaryaccesssphincterotomy,158choledocholithiaisis,153,154combinedapproach,177contrast-assistedbiliarycannulation,156endoscopicballoonsphincterdilation,162endoscopicpapillaryballoondilation,162,163guidewireassistedbiliarycannulation,157,158history,154intra-operative,175,177laparoscopy-assistedtransjejunalretrograde,255laproscopic-assistedtransgastric,247,248,254lithotripsy,164–166,168post-operative,177,178pre-cutsphincterotomy,157,158sphincterotomy,160,161transcysticdrainage,178transgastric,247Endoscopic/trans-prostheticTGERCP,255,256Endoscopicultrasound-guidedbiliarydrainage(EUS-BD),267Endoscopicultrasoundguidedcholedochoduodenostomy(EUS-CDS),267Endoscopicultrasoundguidedgastro-gastricfistula,256,257Endoscopicultrasoundguidedhepaticogastrostomy(EUS-HGS),267EndoscopicUltrasoundRendezvousTechnique,180Epicholedochalplexus,9Extracorporealshockwavelithotripsy,181Extrahepaticbileducts,7FFalciformligament,8Favorableorgansystemfailure(FOSF),72Flexiblecholedochoscope,193,194Functionalbiliarysphincterdisorder(FBSD),279GGallbladderCTtechnology,53–55ERCP,56–58HIDA,59MRI,55,56safedissection,32–35electrosurgery,34,35fundus,33hepatocystictriangle,34infundibulumaligns,33ligation,36removal,37thermalinjury,34ultrasound,51–53X-radiation,51,52Gallbladderpolyp,44,53Gallstones,45Guidewire-assistedbiliarycannulation,157,158HHeartfailure,44291Hepatico-cysticducts,14Hepaticoduodenostomy(HD),234,236Hepaticojejunostomy,236,237Hepatobiliaryiminodiaceticacidscan(HIDA),59Hepatocystictriangle,6IImmediatebileductinjury,223Indocyaninegreen(ICG)drugproperties,110–111fluorescencebiliaryimaging,115nearinfraredfluorescentcholangiographyaccessoryductrecognition,113accessoryductsidentification,113advantages,114Calot'sandhepatocystictriangle,110Calot'spre-dissectionvisibilitylevel,108cysticductidentification,112extrahepaticbileducts,109hepaticductidentification,113hepatocystictriangle,113ICGadministration,111initialevaluation,110liverbedevaluation,113liverexcretion,108NIRlightandxenonlight,112removalofadhesions,112single-sitecholecystectomy,108visualizationcommonbileduct,112Intraoperativebiliaryimaging,3Intraoperativecholangiography(IOC),195,199advantages,97–99aparoscopiccholecystectomy,96cholecysto-cholangiogram,94commonbileductstones,98,100components,93criticalaspects,94cysticductanatomy,92,95,96indications,92radiationhazard,94LLaparoscopicbiliaryultrasoundadvantages,120anatomicalbiliaryvariation,125bileductinjury,119biliarytree,124CBDstone,125colorflowmode/pulsedwavemode,123deviceset-up,121fillingdefects,125hepaticvascularanatomicalvariation,123,124intraoperative,120intrapancreaticportionofduct,123postoperativebiliarycomplicationsandreintervention,119SAGESSafeCholecystectomyTaskForce,119tiltedMickeyimage,122,123Laparoscopiccholecystectomy(LC),gallbladder,1CTtechnology,53–55ERCP,56HIDA,59MRI,55,56ultrasound,51–53X-radiation,51,52292Laparoscopiccommonbileductexploration(LCBDE)choledochoscope,193,194GallRIKSdatabase,199intra-operativealgorithm,211intraoperativeimagingwithcholangiography,195,199openapproach,191outcomes,209,210patientselection,192,193postoperativeERCP,200,201supplies,195surgicaladvice,210transcholedochal,200,205–209transcystic,200–205videoequipment,195Laparoscopy-assistedtransjejunalretrogradeERCP,255Laserlithotripsy,166,168MMechanicallithotripsy,165Medico-legallitigation,2Minimallyinvasivebilioentericanastomosescomorbidconditions,271indications,272–273intraoperativedecision-making,272MISoropenapproach,272morbidobesity,271outcomes,276,277portalhypertensionorcirrhosis,271preoperativeconsiderations,271technicalaspects,273–276ventralherniarepairwithmesh,271MinimallyInvasivetransduodenalsphincteroplasty,281Mirizzi'ssyndrome,41,140Morbidobesity,45NNearinfraredfluorescentcholangiography(NIRFC)accessoryductrecognition,113accessoryductsidentification,113advantages,114Calot'sandhepatocystictriangle,110Calot'spre-dissectionvisibilitylevel,108cysticductidentification,112extrahepaticbileductsbeforedissection,109hepaticductidentification,113hepatocystictriangle,113ICGadministration,111initialevaluation,110liverbedevaluation,113liverexcretion,108NIRlightandxenonlight,112removalofadhesions,112single-sitecholecystectomy,108visualizationcommonbileduct,112OObesity,134–136Occultcalculi,99PPancreasdivisum,279Percutaneouscholecystostomytube(PCT)algorithm,88complications,87293drainage,143,144indication,82management,84–86optimaltiming,84postoperative,89timingofinterval,87,88Percutaneousgastrostomytechnique,247PercutaneousRendezvoustechnique,179,180Percutaneoustechniquesbiliarytree,169difficultendoscopicbiliaryaccess,167expulsion/extraction,170,171Percutaneoustranshepaticbiliarydrainage(PTBD),266Percutaneoustranshepaticcholagiography(PTC),223,224,228,230Percutaneoustranshepaticgallbladderdrainage(PTGBD),75Portalhypertension,42Pre-cutsphincterotomy,157,158Pregnancy,44Primarycholedocholithiasis,152Pulmonaryhypertension,44RReversalofgastricbypass,237,238Righthepaticartery(RHA),19,21Righthepaticduct(RHD),10,11Rouviere'ssulcus,8,32Roux-en-Ygastricbypass(RYGB)anatomy,234,235Roux-en-yhepaticojejunostomy,222–223,229,230Roux-en-Y(RNY)intestinalanatomycholedocholithiasisatypicalsymptoms,242non-obeseadultsvs.
obeseadults,241non-operativemanagement,244–246patientevaluation,242surgicalmanagement,246–257technique,243physiology,242ursodiolprophylaxis,242SSafedissectionbileductinjury,28choledochalvascularplexus,32criticalviewofsafety,28–30,130cysticartery,131cysticductidentification,29gallbladderdissection,32–35electrosurgery,34,35fundus,33hepatocystictriangle,34infundibulumaligns,33ligation,36removal,37thermalinjury,34hepatocystictriangle,35infundibulumaligns,33intraoperativeultrasound,29,31methodofidentification,130patientpositioning,26portplacement,27,28postoperativemanagement,37roomsetup,26Rouviere'ssulcus,31,32SAGESprogram,132surfaceanatomicallandmarks,31surgicalprinciples,27surgicalteamorientation,27294Safelaparoscopiccholecystectomy,electivesettingacutecholecystitis,40,41cirrhosis,42gallstonesandmorbidobesity,45immunocompromisedpatients,45malignancy,43Mirizzi'ssyndrome,41portalhypertension,42pregnancy,44pre-operativealgorithm,40pulmonaryhypertension/heartfailure,44SAGESmastersbiliarypathway,2SAGESMastersprogram,2SAGESSafeCholecystectomyTaskForce,119SphincterofOddidysfunction(SOD),279Sphincterotomy,160,161Subvesicalduct,12,14Superiormesentericartery(SMA),21TTemporaryplasticbiliarystent,205Transcholedochalcommonbileductexploration,200,205–209Transcysticcommonbileductexploration,200–205Transduodenalsphincteroplasty(TS)indications,278,279minimallyinvasivetransduodenalsphincteroplasty,281outcomes,282,283technique,280,281TransgasricERCP(TGERCP),247Truehepatico-cysticducts,14T-tube,220VVariantduct,7