tiofmsfc3ip在线代理
ip在线代理 时间:2021-04-14 阅读:()
GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur111ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSBackboneIlonaGlaser,GermanWeatherService30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur211ROCmeetingCurrentRMDCNnetworkoverFrameRelaybackbone30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur311ROCmeetingCPECPE57.
249.
222.
20557.
249.
222.
206LANLAN141.
38.
13.
20136.
156.
39.
18141.
38.
13.
29136.
156.
39.
19test:traceroutefromtestPCtoremoteCPEandthentoremotetestPCtracerouteinIPnetworks(fromtestPCtoremotetestPC):1.
141.
38.
13.
29sendsIPpacketwithdestinationIPaddress136.
156.
39.
19andaTimetoLive(TTL)valueof1;ippacketcontainstheUDPdatagramwithadestinationportvalue>320002.
CPE141.
38.
13.
20receivesIPpacket,notesthatitisnottheintendedrecipientandtheTTLis1;itthensendsaTTL-expiredICMPmessageto141.
38.
13.
29withthesourceaddressofthereceivinginterfaceoftheoriginalpacket(141.
38.
13.
20)30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur411ROCmeetingCPECPE57.
249.
222.
20557.
249.
222.
206LANLAN141.
38.
13.
20136.
156.
39.
18141.
38.
13.
29136.
156.
39.
19tracerouteinIPnetworks(fromtestPCtoremoteCPE):3.
AfterreceiptoftheICMPmessage,141.
38.
13.
29sendsanotherIPpacketdestinedfür136.
156.
39.
19withaTTLof24.
CPE141.
38.
13.
20receivesthepacket,notesthatitisnottheintendedrecipientandtherecipientcanbereachedthroughCPE57.
249.
222.
206(RIBlookup);itdecrementstheTTLto1andforwardsthepacketto57.
249.
222.
206;thisCPEreceivesthepacket,seesthatitisnottheintendentrecipientandtheTTLis1dropspacket,sendsICMPTTL-expiredICMPmessageto141.
38.
13.
29withsourceIPaddress57.
249.
222.
20630.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur511ROCmeetingCPECPE57.
249.
222.
20557.
249.
222.
206LANLAN141.
38.
13.
20136.
156.
39.
18141.
38.
13.
29136.
156.
39.
19tracerouteinIPnetworks(fromtestPCtoremoteCPE):5.
AfterreceiptoftheICMPmessage,141.
38.
13.
29sendsanotherIPpacketdestinedfür136.
156.
39.
19withaTTLof36.
Onthewaythroughthenetwork,bothCPEsdecrementtheTTLvalue;CPE136.
156.
39.
18forwardsthepackettotestPC136.
156.
39.
19;testPCtriestoconnecttotheportvalueintheUDPdatagram;itseesthattheportdoesnotexistandsendsanICMPportunreachableerrormessagebacktoPC141.
38.
13.
29withsourceaddress136.
156.
39.
197.
PC141.
38.
13.
29hasnowthecompleteroutetotheremotetestPC30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur611ROCmeetingtraceroutetoday:rmdcn@rmdcn-rest#traceroute136.
156.
39.
19tracerouteto136.
156.
39.
19(136.
156.
39.
19),30hopsmax,38bytepackets1lzoz003(141.
38.
13.
20)3.
885ms2.
231ms2.
700ms2lbbs016-Serial0.
12(57.
249.
222.
206)34.
546ms26.
339ms28.
209ms3*136.
156.
39.
19(136.
156.
39.
19)29.
722ms29.
830msrmdcn@rmdcn-test#rmdcn-pc:/home/rmdcn#traceroute141.
38.
13.
29tracerouteto141.
38.
13.
29(141.
38.
13.
29),30hopsmax,40bytepackets1rmdcn-gwb.
ecmwf.
int(136.
156.
39.
18)1.
164ms0.
260ms0.
358ms257.
249.
222.
20527.
803ms27.
607ms27.
241ms3*141.
38.
13.
2933.
185ms31.
438msEachsiteisreachablewith2hops(localandremoteCPE)30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur711ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE'sconnectedtoProviderEdgeRouter(PE)PE'sconnectedtoProvider'sMPLSbackbonenetwork(Prouter)CEhasIPaddressofdirectlyconnectedPE-interfaceasdefaultgatewayorrunsadynamicroutingprotocolwiththePEnofixed(static)connectionviatheMPLSbackbonetootherCE'sinthesameVPNCECEPEPEPPPPPPLocalsiteLANLocalsiteLAN30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur811ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneUsualinterfaceconfiguration:InterfaceSerial1/0:1description2MbpstoPOPipaddress141.
38.
17.
5255.
255.
255.
248CECEPEPEPPPPPPLANLANVPNinterfaceconfiguration:InterfaceSerial3/3:1description2MbpstoCEipvrfforwardingdwdipaddress141.
38.
17.
6255.
255.
255.
24830.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur911ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneRoutinginformation:tiofmsfc3>shoiproute141.
38.
32.
133Routingentryfor141.
38.
32.
128/28Knownvia"eigrp95",distance90,metric3328,typeinternalRedistributingviaeigrp95Lastupdatefrom141.
38.
17.
10onVlan617,21:36:43agoCECEPEPELANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
172141.
38.
32.
133141.
38.
17.
14141.
38.
17.
1030.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1011ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneRoutinginformation:peof1>shoiproute141.
38.
32.
133%Subnetnotintablepeof1>shoiproute141.
38.
35.
172%SubnetnotintableCECEPEPELANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
172141.
38.
32.
133141.
38.
17.
14141.
38.
17.
1030.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1111ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCustomerroutesnotanymoreinglobalroutingtableinordertosupportaccesstothenetworkformultiplecustomersthePEhastoseparatetheroutinginformationachievedbystoringtheroutinginformationincustomer-specificVirtualRouting/Forwardinginstances,calledvrf;avrfcanbeseenasaseparatevirtualrouterinstancewithinthephysicalroutervrfconsistsof:1.
IPpacketforwardingandroutingtable2.
SetofinterfacesthatbelongtothecustomerVPNandusetheforwardingtable3.
SetofrulesthatcontroltheimportandexportofroutestoandfromtheVPN-specificroutingtable4.
SetofroutingprotocolpeersthatinjectroutesintotheVPN-specificroutingtableProviderMPLSbackboneVVVVVCustomergreenCustomergreenCustomergreenCustomerblueCustomerblue30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1211ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneRoutinginformation:peof1>shoiproutevrfdwd141.
38.
35.
78Routingentryfor141.
38.
35.
0/24Knownvia"eigrp95",distance90,metric3072,typeinternalRedistributingviaeigrp95,bgp65535Advertisedbybgp65535Lastupdatefrom141.
38.
17.
14onGigabitEthernet0/2.
17,21:39:05agoCECEPEPELANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133141.
38.
17.
14141.
38.
17.
10VV30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1311ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCECEPEPELANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133141.
38.
17.
14141.
38.
17.
10VVRoutinginformation:peof1>shoiproutevrfdwd141.
38.
32.
133Routingentryfor141.
38.
32.
128/28Knownvia"bgp65535",distance160,metric3072,typeinternalRedistributingviaeigrp95Advertisedbyeigrp95metric1000010025511500Lastupdatefrom141.
38.
16.
771w6dagoRoutingpeer30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1411ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackbonePEisMPLSingress(oregress)LabelSwitchingRouterandthereforereliesonlabelsattachedtoincomingpacketsPEallocatesalabel,calledtheVPNlabel,totherouteslearnedfromeachlocallyattachedcustomersite(fromthelocallyattachedCE)peof1#showmplsforwarding-tablevrfdwdLocalOutgoingPrefixBytestagOutgoingNextHoptagtagorVCorTunnelIdswitchedinterface27Untagged57.
249.
222.
37/32[V]\0Gi0/2.
17141.
38.
17.
14235Untagged141.
38.
35.
0/24[V]350387717Gi0/2.
17141.
38.
17.
1430.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1511ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackbonemultiplecustomersmayusethesameIPaddressspaceinternally,sothePEneedstobeabletodistinguishbetweendifferentcustomerroutesthisisachievedbyusingnotIPv4,butVPNv4addressesaVPNv4addressconsistsofauniqueroutedistinguisherandtheIPv4addressthepurposeoftheVPNV4addressistomakeeachVPNrouteuniquewithintheMPLS,nottoidentifyaVPN;fortheidentificationoftheVPN,theconfiguredroutetargetisusedPErouterthenadvertisestheroutingtootherPEroutersinthenetwork;theseremotePE'sdistributeitintotheremotecustomessitesinthesameVPN;routingprotocolusedforthedistributionofVPNroutesisMP-BGProutesfromthevrf'smustberedistributedintotheMP-BGPtableredistributionprocesstranslatestheIPv4addressesintoVPNv4addresses,assignstheroutetargetsandassignsalabelforeachaddressRouteDistinguisherIPv4address64bit32bitVPNv4address30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1611ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCE-PDPE-OFPE-PDProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
0/24141.
38.
32.
128/27VVipvrfdwdrd1:141.
38.
16.
60route-targetexport1214:1EIGRP141.
38.
35.
0/24,NH=CE-1EIGRP141.
38.
35.
0/24,NH=PE-PDipvrfdwdrd1:141.
38.
16.
77route-targetimport1214:1BGPBGPVPNv4Update:RD:1:141.
38.
16.
60:141.
38.
35.
0/24,NH=PE-OF,RT=1214:1,Label=(235)IPv4addressistranslatedbythePEintoVPNv4addressandputintoMP-BGPtableVPNv4updateistranslatedintoIPv4addressandputintovrfdwdasRT=1214:1matchesimportrule30.
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2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1711ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneIPMPLSVPNpacketforwardingacrossanMPLSbackboneuseslabelswitchingwitha2-levellabelstacklabelstackisinsertedbytheingressPE(PE-OF)VPNlabelistheinnerlabelouterlabeliscreatedeitherbyLDP/TDP(orRSVP-TE,dependsonthesetupofthebackbone)PandPErouterallocatealabelforeachrouteintheirroutingtablelabel/prefixbindingsareexchangedbetweendirectlyconnectedroutersusingLDP/TDPIPpacket202(VPNlabel)37(outerLabel)outerlabelrepresentsthelabelassignedtotheIPaddressoftheremotePE(routingpeer)=BGPnexthopforaremoteVPNprefixpeof1#showmplsforwarding-table|in141.
38.
16.
77LocalOutgoingPrefixBytestagOutgoingNextHoptagtagorVCorTunnelIdswitchedinterface27Untagged5937141.
38.
16.
77/3243149114POS6/0point2point30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1811ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackbone1.
PE-OFgetspacketinvrfdwdwithdestinationIPaddressoftestPCinPotsdam2.
PE-OFisingressLSRforthistrafficflowandhastobuildthelabelstackinordertoswitchthepackettowarsit'sdestination3.
PE-OFdoesalookupfortheVPNlabelandthelabelforthenexthopfromwhichitlearnedtheroutetotestPCinPotsdam(141.
38.
16.
77)inLFIBCE-PDPE-OFPE-PDLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
32.
133Peof1#showmplsforwarding-tablevrfdwd141.
38.
32.
133detailLocalOutgoingPrefixBytestagOutgoingNextHoptagtagorVCorTunnelIdswitchedinterfaceNone37141.
38.
32.
128/280PO6/0point2pointMAC/Encaps=4/12,MRU=4466,TagStack{37202}FF03028100025000000CA000NooutputfeatureconfiguredPer-packetload-sharing30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1911ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackbonepeof1>shoipcef141.
38.
16.
77141.
38.
16.
77/32,version2722,epoch0,cachedadjacencytoPOS6/00packets,0bytestaginformationset,sharedlocaltag:59fasttagrewritewithPO6/0,point2point,tagsimposed:{37}via141.
38.
16.
141,POS6/0,20dependenciesnexthop141.
38.
16.
141,POS6/0validcachedadjacencytagrewritewithPO6/0,point2point,tagsimposed:{37}30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2011ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCEPE-OFPE-PDLANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133IPpacketIPpacket20237OuterlabelisrewrittenonthewaythroughthebackboneaccordingtoeachPFIB202egressPElooksuptheVPNlabelinvrfLFIB,removesthelabel,andforwardstheIPpacketIPpacketIPpacket30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2111ROCmeetingTraceroutewithinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCEPE-OFPE-PDLANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133tracerouteinIPVPNoverMPLSnetworks(fromtestPCtoremotetestPC):1.
141.
38.
35.
78sendsIPpacketwithdestinationIPaddress141.
38.
32.
133andaTimetoLive(TTL)valueof1;ippacketcontainstheUDPdatagramwithadestinationportvalue>320002.
PacketprocessingexactlylikeinnativeIPnetworksuntiltestPCsendspacketwithTTL=330.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2211ROCmeetingTraceroutewithinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCEPE-OFPE-PDLANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133tracerouteinIPVPNoverMPLSnetworks(fromtestPCtoremotetestPC):3.
PE-OFreceivespacket,seesthatitnottheintendedreceipient,decrementstheTTLvalue;italsoimposesthelabelstack{202,37}andcopiestheTTLvaluefromtheIPpacketintotheTTLvalueoftheMPLSheader;itthenswitchesthepacket(FIB)receivingProuterseesthatitisnottheintendedrecipientandtheTTLis1;itdropsthepacket,createstheTTL-expiredICMPmessage(perICMPextensionsforMPLS);Pappendslabel37(theincominglabelofthedroppedpacket);becauseitdoeslabelswitching,notrouting,itlooksupit'sLFIB,findsthatitshoulduselabel81forpacketswithincominglabel37;imposeslabel81andswitchespacket30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2311ROCmeetingTraceroutewithinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCEPE-OFPE-PDLANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133tracerouteinIPVPNoverMPLSnetworks(fromtestPCtoremotetestPC):4.
PacketwithICMPerrormessagetravelsallthewaythroughtheMPLSbackboneuntilitreachestheegressPE5.
EgressPEseesthatthepacketisdestinedfortestPC141.
38.
35.
78,imposeslabel26andswitchesthepacket6.
etc.
untiltheTTLvalueishighenoughthattheUDPdatagramreachestestPC141.
38.
32.
133;itthensendsbackICMPportunreachalemessage,andtracerouteiscompleted30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2411ROCmeetingTraceroutewithinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCEPE-OFPE-PDLANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133tracerouteinIPVPNoverMPLSnetworks(fromtestPCtoremotetestPC)netadm@mess03:~>/usr/sbin/traceroutetipdmess01traceroutetotipdmess01(141.
38.
32.
133),30hopsmax,40bytepackets1tiofmsm1-35.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
35.
1)1.
061ms0.
303ms0.
423ms2peof1-tn2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
10)0.
886ms0.
456ms0.
479ms3tn-dmrz-tt-of.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
141)90.
261ms89.
876ms87.
952ms4tn-pos-em-tt.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
188)23.
767ms23.
757ms23.
767ms5tn-ge-em1-em2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
190)86.
732ms84.
980ms82.
983ms6tn-pos-ha-em.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
198)23.
638ms24.
011ms23.
755ms7tn-ge-ha1-ha2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
200)37.
628ms35.
637ms33.
640ms8pepd2-tn2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
115)22.
430ms22.
383ms22.
572ms9tipdr1-tn2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
117)24.
285ms24.
921ms25.
181ms10tipdmess01.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
32.
133)23.
586ms22.
698ms23.
829msnetadm@mess03:~>tiofmsm1-35peof1-tn2pepd2-tn2tipdr1-tn230.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2511ROCmeetingTraceroutewithinIPVPNoverMPLSbackbonetipdr1>showiproute141.
38.
16.
0%SubnetnotintableserviceprovidersusuallyhidetheMPLSbackbonenomplsippropagate-ttlforwardedingressLSRthenuses255asthevalueoftheTTTinthelabelegressLSRdoesnotcopythelabelTTLvalueintotheIPheaderwhenremovingthelabelIPheaderTTLdoesnotreflectthehopstakenacrosstheMPLScoretracerouteinIPVPNoverMPLSnetworks(fromtestPCtoremotetestPC)netadm@mess03:~>/usr/sbin/traceroutetipdmess01traceroutetotipdmess01(141.
38.
32.
133),30hopsmax,40bytepackets1tiofmsm1-35.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
35.
1)1.
061ms0.
303ms0.
423msCE2peof1-tn2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
10)0.
886ms0.
456ms0.
479msPE3pepd2-tn2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
115)22.
430ms22.
383ms22.
572msPE4tipdr1-tn2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
117)24.
285ms24.
921ms25.
181msCE5tipdmess01.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
32.
133)23.
586ms22.
698ms23.
829mstestPCnetadm@mess03:~>30.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2611ROCmeetingTraceroutewithinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneserviceprovidercanstillperformtraceroutewithinthevrffortroubleshootingissuespeof1#tracevrfdwd141.
38.
32.
133Typeescapesequencetoabort.
Tracingtheroutetotipdmess01.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
32.
133)1tn-dmrz-tt-of.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
141)[MPLS:Labels37/202Exp0]36msec100msec100msec2tn-pos-em-tt.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
188)[MPLS:Labels81/202Exp0]20msec24msec24msec3tn-ge-em1-em2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
190)[MPLS:Labels40/202Exp0]28msec100msec100msec4tn-pos-ha-em.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
198)[MPLS:Labels36/202Exp0]20msec20msec24msec5tn-ge-ha1-ha2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
200)[MPLS:Labels36/202Exp0]108msec100msec96msec6pepd2-tn1.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
107)[MPLS:Label202Exp0]20msec24msec20msec7tipdr2-tn1.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
110)24msec24msec24msec8tipdmess01.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
32.
133)24msec20msec20msecpeof1#30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2711ROCmeetingsecurityinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCE-PDPE-OFPE-PDProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
0/24141.
38.
32.
128/27VVipvrfdwdrd1:141.
38.
16.
60route-targetexport1214:1ipvrfdwdrd1:141.
38.
16.
77route-targetimport1214:1BGPBGPVPNv4updateistranslatedintoIPv4addressandputintovrfcustomer-xasRT=1214:1matchesimportrulePECEipvrfcustomer-xrd1:10.
10.
10.
10route-targetimport1010:1route-targetimport1214:130.
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2811ROCmeetingsecurityinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCE-PDPE-OFPE-PDProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
0/24141.
38.
32.
128/27VVipvrfdwdrd1:141.
38.
16.
60route-targetexport1214:1route-targetimport1010:1ipvrfdwdrd1:141.
38.
16.
77route-targetimport1214:1BGPBGPVPNv4updateistranslatedintoIPv4addressandputintovrfdwdasRT=1010:1matchesimportrulePECEipvrfcustomer-xrd1:10.
10.
10.
10route-targetexport1010:1route-targetimport1010:130.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2911ROCmeetingStabilityinanMPLSbackbonecoreIGP(OSPF,IS-IS)mustbeextremelystableandwelltunedVPNroutinginformationcanonlybedistributedifroutingpeersarereachableBGPupdateintervalsdistributionofnewnetworksmighttakeafewminutes
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3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur211ROCmeetingCurrentRMDCNnetworkoverFrameRelaybackbone30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur311ROCmeetingCPECPE57.
249.
222.
20557.
249.
222.
206LANLAN141.
38.
13.
20136.
156.
39.
18141.
38.
13.
29136.
156.
39.
19test:traceroutefromtestPCtoremoteCPEandthentoremotetestPCtracerouteinIPnetworks(fromtestPCtoremotetestPC):1.
141.
38.
13.
29sendsIPpacketwithdestinationIPaddress136.
156.
39.
19andaTimetoLive(TTL)valueof1;ippacketcontainstheUDPdatagramwithadestinationportvalue>320002.
CPE141.
38.
13.
20receivesIPpacket,notesthatitisnottheintendedrecipientandtheTTLis1;itthensendsaTTL-expiredICMPmessageto141.
38.
13.
29withthesourceaddressofthereceivinginterfaceoftheoriginalpacket(141.
38.
13.
20)30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur411ROCmeetingCPECPE57.
249.
222.
20557.
249.
222.
206LANLAN141.
38.
13.
20136.
156.
39.
18141.
38.
13.
29136.
156.
39.
19tracerouteinIPnetworks(fromtestPCtoremoteCPE):3.
AfterreceiptoftheICMPmessage,141.
38.
13.
29sendsanotherIPpacketdestinedfür136.
156.
39.
19withaTTLof24.
CPE141.
38.
13.
20receivesthepacket,notesthatitisnottheintendedrecipientandtherecipientcanbereachedthroughCPE57.
249.
222.
206(RIBlookup);itdecrementstheTTLto1andforwardsthepacketto57.
249.
222.
206;thisCPEreceivesthepacket,seesthatitisnottheintendentrecipientandtheTTLis1dropspacket,sendsICMPTTL-expiredICMPmessageto141.
38.
13.
29withsourceIPaddress57.
249.
222.
20630.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur511ROCmeetingCPECPE57.
249.
222.
20557.
249.
222.
206LANLAN141.
38.
13.
20136.
156.
39.
18141.
38.
13.
29136.
156.
39.
19tracerouteinIPnetworks(fromtestPCtoremoteCPE):5.
AfterreceiptoftheICMPmessage,141.
38.
13.
29sendsanotherIPpacketdestinedfür136.
156.
39.
19withaTTLof36.
Onthewaythroughthenetwork,bothCPEsdecrementtheTTLvalue;CPE136.
156.
39.
18forwardsthepackettotestPC136.
156.
39.
19;testPCtriestoconnecttotheportvalueintheUDPdatagram;itseesthattheportdoesnotexistandsendsanICMPportunreachableerrormessagebacktoPC141.
38.
13.
29withsourceaddress136.
156.
39.
197.
PC141.
38.
13.
29hasnowthecompleteroutetotheremotetestPC30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur611ROCmeetingtraceroutetoday:rmdcn@rmdcn-rest#traceroute136.
156.
39.
19tracerouteto136.
156.
39.
19(136.
156.
39.
19),30hopsmax,38bytepackets1lzoz003(141.
38.
13.
20)3.
885ms2.
231ms2.
700ms2lbbs016-Serial0.
12(57.
249.
222.
206)34.
546ms26.
339ms28.
209ms3*136.
156.
39.
19(136.
156.
39.
19)29.
722ms29.
830msrmdcn@rmdcn-test#rmdcn-pc:/home/rmdcn#traceroute141.
38.
13.
29tracerouteto141.
38.
13.
29(141.
38.
13.
29),30hopsmax,40bytepackets1rmdcn-gwb.
ecmwf.
int(136.
156.
39.
18)1.
164ms0.
260ms0.
358ms257.
249.
222.
20527.
803ms27.
607ms27.
241ms3*141.
38.
13.
2933.
185ms31.
438msEachsiteisreachablewith2hops(localandremoteCPE)30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur711ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE'sconnectedtoProviderEdgeRouter(PE)PE'sconnectedtoProvider'sMPLSbackbonenetwork(Prouter)CEhasIPaddressofdirectlyconnectedPE-interfaceasdefaultgatewayorrunsadynamicroutingprotocolwiththePEnofixed(static)connectionviatheMPLSbackbonetootherCE'sinthesameVPNCECEPEPEPPPPPPLocalsiteLANLocalsiteLAN30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur811ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneUsualinterfaceconfiguration:InterfaceSerial1/0:1description2MbpstoPOPipaddress141.
38.
17.
5255.
255.
255.
248CECEPEPEPPPPPPLANLANVPNinterfaceconfiguration:InterfaceSerial3/3:1description2MbpstoCEipvrfforwardingdwdipaddress141.
38.
17.
6255.
255.
255.
24830.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur911ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneRoutinginformation:tiofmsfc3>shoiproute141.
38.
32.
133Routingentryfor141.
38.
32.
128/28Knownvia"eigrp95",distance90,metric3328,typeinternalRedistributingviaeigrp95Lastupdatefrom141.
38.
17.
10onVlan617,21:36:43agoCECEPEPELANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
172141.
38.
32.
133141.
38.
17.
14141.
38.
17.
1030.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1011ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneRoutinginformation:peof1>shoiproute141.
38.
32.
133%Subnetnotintablepeof1>shoiproute141.
38.
35.
172%SubnetnotintableCECEPEPELANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
172141.
38.
32.
133141.
38.
17.
14141.
38.
17.
1030.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1111ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCustomerroutesnotanymoreinglobalroutingtableinordertosupportaccesstothenetworkformultiplecustomersthePEhastoseparatetheroutinginformationachievedbystoringtheroutinginformationincustomer-specificVirtualRouting/Forwardinginstances,calledvrf;avrfcanbeseenasaseparatevirtualrouterinstancewithinthephysicalroutervrfconsistsof:1.
IPpacketforwardingandroutingtable2.
SetofinterfacesthatbelongtothecustomerVPNandusetheforwardingtable3.
SetofrulesthatcontroltheimportandexportofroutestoandfromtheVPN-specificroutingtable4.
SetofroutingprotocolpeersthatinjectroutesintotheVPN-specificroutingtableProviderMPLSbackboneVVVVVCustomergreenCustomergreenCustomergreenCustomerblueCustomerblue30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1211ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneRoutinginformation:peof1>shoiproutevrfdwd141.
38.
35.
78Routingentryfor141.
38.
35.
0/24Knownvia"eigrp95",distance90,metric3072,typeinternalRedistributingviaeigrp95,bgp65535Advertisedbybgp65535Lastupdatefrom141.
38.
17.
14onGigabitEthernet0/2.
17,21:39:05agoCECEPEPELANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133141.
38.
17.
14141.
38.
17.
10VV30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1311ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCECEPEPELANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133141.
38.
17.
14141.
38.
17.
10VVRoutinginformation:peof1>shoiproutevrfdwd141.
38.
32.
133Routingentryfor141.
38.
32.
128/28Knownvia"bgp65535",distance160,metric3072,typeinternalRedistributingviaeigrp95Advertisedbyeigrp95metric1000010025511500Lastupdatefrom141.
38.
16.
771w6dagoRoutingpeer30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1411ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackbonePEisMPLSingress(oregress)LabelSwitchingRouterandthereforereliesonlabelsattachedtoincomingpacketsPEallocatesalabel,calledtheVPNlabel,totherouteslearnedfromeachlocallyattachedcustomersite(fromthelocallyattachedCE)peof1#showmplsforwarding-tablevrfdwdLocalOutgoingPrefixBytestagOutgoingNextHoptagtagorVCorTunnelIdswitchedinterface27Untagged57.
249.
222.
37/32[V]\0Gi0/2.
17141.
38.
17.
14235Untagged141.
38.
35.
0/24[V]350387717Gi0/2.
17141.
38.
17.
1430.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1511ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackbonemultiplecustomersmayusethesameIPaddressspaceinternally,sothePEneedstobeabletodistinguishbetweendifferentcustomerroutesthisisachievedbyusingnotIPv4,butVPNv4addressesaVPNv4addressconsistsofauniqueroutedistinguisherandtheIPv4addressthepurposeoftheVPNV4addressistomakeeachVPNrouteuniquewithintheMPLS,nottoidentifyaVPN;fortheidentificationoftheVPN,theconfiguredroutetargetisusedPErouterthenadvertisestheroutingtootherPEroutersinthenetwork;theseremotePE'sdistributeitintotheremotecustomessitesinthesameVPN;routingprotocolusedforthedistributionofVPNroutesisMP-BGProutesfromthevrf'smustberedistributedintotheMP-BGPtableredistributionprocesstranslatestheIPv4addressesintoVPNv4addresses,assignstheroutetargetsandassignsalabelforeachaddressRouteDistinguisherIPv4address64bit32bitVPNv4address30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1611ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCE-PDPE-OFPE-PDProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
0/24141.
38.
32.
128/27VVipvrfdwdrd1:141.
38.
16.
60route-targetexport1214:1EIGRP141.
38.
35.
0/24,NH=CE-1EIGRP141.
38.
35.
0/24,NH=PE-PDipvrfdwdrd1:141.
38.
16.
77route-targetimport1214:1BGPBGPVPNv4Update:RD:1:141.
38.
16.
60:141.
38.
35.
0/24,NH=PE-OF,RT=1214:1,Label=(235)IPv4addressistranslatedbythePEintoVPNv4addressandputintoMP-BGPtableVPNv4updateistranslatedintoIPv4addressandputintovrfdwdasRT=1214:1matchesimportrule30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1711ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneIPMPLSVPNpacketforwardingacrossanMPLSbackboneuseslabelswitchingwitha2-levellabelstacklabelstackisinsertedbytheingressPE(PE-OF)VPNlabelistheinnerlabelouterlabeliscreatedeitherbyLDP/TDP(orRSVP-TE,dependsonthesetupofthebackbone)PandPErouterallocatealabelforeachrouteintheirroutingtablelabel/prefixbindingsareexchangedbetweendirectlyconnectedroutersusingLDP/TDPIPpacket202(VPNlabel)37(outerLabel)outerlabelrepresentsthelabelassignedtotheIPaddressoftheremotePE(routingpeer)=BGPnexthopforaremoteVPNprefixpeof1#showmplsforwarding-table|in141.
38.
16.
77LocalOutgoingPrefixBytestagOutgoingNextHoptagtagorVCorTunnelIdswitchedinterface27Untagged5937141.
38.
16.
77/3243149114POS6/0point2point30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1811ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackbone1.
PE-OFgetspacketinvrfdwdwithdestinationIPaddressoftestPCinPotsdam2.
PE-OFisingressLSRforthistrafficflowandhastobuildthelabelstackinordertoswitchthepackettowarsit'sdestination3.
PE-OFdoesalookupfortheVPNlabelandthelabelforthenexthopfromwhichitlearnedtheroutetotestPCinPotsdam(141.
38.
16.
77)inLFIBCE-PDPE-OFPE-PDLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
32.
133Peof1#showmplsforwarding-tablevrfdwd141.
38.
32.
133detailLocalOutgoingPrefixBytestagOutgoingNextHoptagtagorVCorTunnelIdswitchedinterfaceNone37141.
38.
32.
128/280PO6/0point2pointMAC/Encaps=4/12,MRU=4466,TagStack{37202}FF03028100025000000CA000NooutputfeatureconfiguredPer-packetload-sharing30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur1911ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackbonepeof1>shoipcef141.
38.
16.
77141.
38.
16.
77/32,version2722,epoch0,cachedadjacencytoPOS6/00packets,0bytestaginformationset,sharedlocaltag:59fasttagrewritewithPO6/0,point2point,tagsimposed:{37}via141.
38.
16.
141,POS6/0,20dependenciesnexthop141.
38.
16.
141,POS6/0validcachedadjacencytagrewritewithPO6/0,point2point,tagsimposed:{37}30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2011ROCmeetingIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCEPE-OFPE-PDLANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133IPpacketIPpacket20237OuterlabelisrewrittenonthewaythroughthebackboneaccordingtoeachPFIB202egressPElooksuptheVPNlabelinvrfLFIB,removesthelabel,andforwardstheIPpacketIPpacketIPpacket30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2111ROCmeetingTraceroutewithinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCEPE-OFPE-PDLANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133tracerouteinIPVPNoverMPLSnetworks(fromtestPCtoremotetestPC):1.
141.
38.
35.
78sendsIPpacketwithdestinationIPaddress141.
38.
32.
133andaTimetoLive(TTL)valueof1;ippacketcontainstheUDPdatagramwithadestinationportvalue>320002.
PacketprocessingexactlylikeinnativeIPnetworksuntiltestPCsendspacketwithTTL=330.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2211ROCmeetingTraceroutewithinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCEPE-OFPE-PDLANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133tracerouteinIPVPNoverMPLSnetworks(fromtestPCtoremotetestPC):3.
PE-OFreceivespacket,seesthatitnottheintendedreceipient,decrementstheTTLvalue;italsoimposesthelabelstack{202,37}andcopiestheTTLvaluefromtheIPpacketintotheTTLvalueoftheMPLSheader;itthenswitchesthepacket(FIB)receivingProuterseesthatitisnottheintendedrecipientandtheTTLis1;itdropsthepacket,createstheTTL-expiredICMPmessage(perICMPextensionsforMPLS);Pappendslabel37(theincominglabelofthedroppedpacket);becauseitdoeslabelswitching,notrouting,itlooksupit'sLFIB,findsthatitshoulduselabel81forpacketswithincominglabel37;imposeslabel81andswitchespacket30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2311ROCmeetingTraceroutewithinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCEPE-OFPE-PDLANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133tracerouteinIPVPNoverMPLSnetworks(fromtestPCtoremotetestPC):4.
PacketwithICMPerrormessagetravelsallthewaythroughtheMPLSbackboneuntilitreachestheegressPE5.
EgressPEseesthatthepacketisdestinedfortestPC141.
38.
35.
78,imposeslabel26andswitchesthepacket6.
etc.
untiltheTTLvalueishighenoughthattheUDPdatagramreachestestPC141.
38.
32.
133;itthensendsbackICMPportunreachalemessage,andtracerouteiscompleted30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2411ROCmeetingTraceroutewithinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCEPE-OFPE-PDLANLANProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
78141.
38.
32.
133tracerouteinIPVPNoverMPLSnetworks(fromtestPCtoremotetestPC)netadm@mess03:~>/usr/sbin/traceroutetipdmess01traceroutetotipdmess01(141.
38.
32.
133),30hopsmax,40bytepackets1tiofmsm1-35.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
35.
1)1.
061ms0.
303ms0.
423ms2peof1-tn2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
10)0.
886ms0.
456ms0.
479ms3tn-dmrz-tt-of.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
141)90.
261ms89.
876ms87.
952ms4tn-pos-em-tt.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
188)23.
767ms23.
757ms23.
767ms5tn-ge-em1-em2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
190)86.
732ms84.
980ms82.
983ms6tn-pos-ha-em.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
198)23.
638ms24.
011ms23.
755ms7tn-ge-ha1-ha2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
200)37.
628ms35.
637ms33.
640ms8pepd2-tn2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
115)22.
430ms22.
383ms22.
572ms9tipdr1-tn2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
117)24.
285ms24.
921ms25.
181ms10tipdmess01.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
32.
133)23.
586ms22.
698ms23.
829msnetadm@mess03:~>tiofmsm1-35peof1-tn2pepd2-tn2tipdr1-tn230.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2511ROCmeetingTraceroutewithinIPVPNoverMPLSbackbonetipdr1>showiproute141.
38.
16.
0%SubnetnotintableserviceprovidersusuallyhidetheMPLSbackbonenomplsippropagate-ttlforwardedingressLSRthenuses255asthevalueoftheTTTinthelabelegressLSRdoesnotcopythelabelTTLvalueintotheIPheaderwhenremovingthelabelIPheaderTTLdoesnotreflectthehopstakenacrosstheMPLScoretracerouteinIPVPNoverMPLSnetworks(fromtestPCtoremotetestPC)netadm@mess03:~>/usr/sbin/traceroutetipdmess01traceroutetotipdmess01(141.
38.
32.
133),30hopsmax,40bytepackets1tiofmsm1-35.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
35.
1)1.
061ms0.
303ms0.
423msCE2peof1-tn2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
10)0.
886ms0.
456ms0.
479msPE3pepd2-tn2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
115)22.
430ms22.
383ms22.
572msPE4tipdr1-tn2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
117)24.
285ms24.
921ms25.
181msCE5tipdmess01.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
32.
133)23.
586ms22.
698ms23.
829mstestPCnetadm@mess03:~>30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2611ROCmeetingTraceroutewithinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneserviceprovidercanstillperformtraceroutewithinthevrffortroubleshootingissuespeof1#tracevrfdwd141.
38.
32.
133Typeescapesequencetoabort.
Tracingtheroutetotipdmess01.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
32.
133)1tn-dmrz-tt-of.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
141)[MPLS:Labels37/202Exp0]36msec100msec100msec2tn-pos-em-tt.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
188)[MPLS:Labels81/202Exp0]20msec24msec24msec3tn-ge-em1-em2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
190)[MPLS:Labels40/202Exp0]28msec100msec100msec4tn-pos-ha-em.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
198)[MPLS:Labels36/202Exp0]20msec20msec24msec5tn-ge-ha1-ha2.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
16.
200)[MPLS:Labels36/202Exp0]108msec100msec96msec6pepd2-tn1.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
107)[MPLS:Label202Exp0]20msec24msec20msec7tipdr2-tn1.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
17.
110)24msec24msec24msec8tipdmess01.
dwd.
de(141.
38.
32.
133)24msec20msec20msecpeof1#30.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2711ROCmeetingsecurityinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCE-PDPE-OFPE-PDProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
0/24141.
38.
32.
128/27VVipvrfdwdrd1:141.
38.
16.
60route-targetexport1214:1ipvrfdwdrd1:141.
38.
16.
77route-targetimport1214:1BGPBGPVPNv4updateistranslatedintoIPv4addressandputintovrfcustomer-xasRT=1214:1matchesimportrulePECEipvrfcustomer-xrd1:10.
10.
10.
10route-targetimport1010:1route-targetimport1214:130.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2811ROCmeetingsecurityinIPVPNoverMPLSbackboneCE-OFCE-PDPE-OFPE-PDProviderMPLSbackbone141.
38.
35.
0/24141.
38.
32.
128/27VVipvrfdwdrd1:141.
38.
16.
60route-targetexport1214:1route-targetimport1010:1ipvrfdwdrd1:141.
38.
16.
77route-targetimport1214:1BGPBGPVPNv4updateistranslatedintoIPv4addressandputintovrfdwdasRT=1010:1matchesimportrulePECEipvrfcustomer-xrd1:10.
10.
10.
10route-targetexport1010:1route-targetimport1010:130.
/31.
3.
2006GeschftsbereichTechnischeInfrastruktur2911ROCmeetingStabilityinanMPLSbackbonecoreIGP(OSPF,IS-IS)mustbeextremelystableandwelltunedVPNroutinginformationcanonlybedistributedifroutingpeersarereachableBGPupdateintervalsdistributionofnewnetworksmighttakeafewminutes
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