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IndexAAcceptingSchoolsAct,148ActionCoalitionforMediaEducation,67Adolescencecompetency,3controloflibertieson,4legalstatusinlawandsociety,5–6ownrights,seeIndependentrights,childrenparentalrightsto,6–7livesinmedia,seeYouthandmediameaning,160rapidsocialchange,seeRapidsocialchangesexualsolicitation,seeSocialnetworkingsites(SNS)"Affection-focusedtype"offenders,80,81,85AmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA),57Anti-trafckingapproach,200–201Armedservice,172Auto-pornographicsexts,100Aversiveracism,115BBackpage.
com,198"Bestinterestsofchild"standard,180–181BlanketInternetbans,82–83BratzDolls,58CCalifornialaws,156,158,159,164,166California'sPrivacyRightsforCaliforniaMinorsintheDigitalorldAct,51CatholicschoolsandLGBTstudents,139–140conictbetween,138governmentfunding,144harassmentanddiscriminationprotection,146–147parentalrightsofchildren,147protectionfrom"outed"withoutconsent,147religiousviewsonhomosexuality,141–144rightsatprivateschools,145–146origin,137CatholicSocialTeaching,141,142CenterforMediaLiteracy,67Chatroomsmonitoredandunmonitored,38online,35,37public,35,37text,36Childcustodyandvisitationchildrenandparents'rights,181–182legalproposalsandgeneralrecommendations,171,188–191protectingservicememberfamilies'rights,seeServicememberfamiliesthirdparties,181Childlaborlaws,155,156Childlaborrates,155ChildOnlineProtectionAct,63–64Childpornographylaws,97ChildProtectionAct,97governmentinterestinchildprotection,97–98interpretation,99–100minor'sbestinterest,100–101self-createdandself-distributed,98Childprostitutes,195,201,203–205ChildProtectionAct,97SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016R.
J.
R.
Levesque(ed.
),Adolescents,RapidSocialChange,andtheLaw,AdvancingResponsibleAdolescentDevelopment,DOI10.
1007/978-3-319-41535-2207"Childsaving"movement,8ChildtrafckingLabor,seeLabortrafckinglegalreform,201sextrafcking,seeMinorsextrafckingUnitedStateslegalresponsesfederallaw,199–200internationallaws,198–199legalreform,201statelaws,200–201Childrenearnings,protectionto,seeEarnings,children'smaturityandcapacityreduceddecision-makingcapacity,159specicage,160susceptibilitytopeerpressure,161–162underdevelopedsenseofresponsibility,160–161uninformednature,160notionof,155inpoverty,seePovertyChildren'sOnlinePrivacyProtectionAct,51Children'srights,5,71,156conceptof,6,8internationallaws,198–199limitation,182vs.
parent'srights,157–158protectionbyCaliforniaandNewYorklaws,159Children'sTelevisionAct(CTA),62CivilRightsAct,149Consensualsexting,95Contact-drivenoffenders,80ConventionontheRightsoftheChild's,199Coogan,Jackie,157–158CooganLaws,the,158"CooganTrust"account,158,165Cultivationtheory,59,61–62Cultureofpoverty,125,126,128,130"Cynicaltype"offenders,80,85DDataProtectionDirective,44,47Decision-makingprocess,68,101,115,161Decriminalizingprostitution,204Dejureintegration,116–117Demographicinformation,31DepartmentofDefense(DOD)regulations,176,178,189Deploymentsdenitionof,173,188postdeployment,173predeployment,173servicememberfamilies,seeServicememberfamiliesDoNotTrackKidsAct,51Dual-militarycouplesdeployment,177–178,189–190EEarnings,children's,166–167lackofprotection,156,166legalreform,164–166parentsvs.
childrenrights,157–158protectivemeasuresCaliforniaandNewYorklaws,158–159Indiana,159socialscienceunderstanding,162–163Education,medialiteracy,56,66–70ElleGirl(magazine),58EuropeanUnioncourt'sresponseononlineprivacymatters,44–45erasureremovalofinformation,49–50requestedfor,48–49scopeof,50–51proposalburdenofproofonwebsiteoperators,48informationerasurerequests,47–48punishmentfornotcomplywithrequest,48righttobeforgottenin,30,40"Experttype"offenders,80,85Exploitativesexting,95FFacebook,34,35,48–50FairLaborStandardsAct(FLSA),155–156Fairtrade-typelabelingsystem,203,205FamilyCarePlans(FCPs),176–177,188,189Fantasy-drivenoffenders,80,85FederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC),62–63FederalStrategicActionPlan,202FederalTradeCommission(FTC),62,63FreedomofInformationAct,43208IndexGGaystudent,138,146,148,149"Gettoughondelinquency"approach,110Googleabundanceofinformation,30inEurope,47removingnude/sexuallyexplicitimages,52revengeporn,52Spain,44,50third-partyposting,48GrandTheftAutoseries,57–58HHomelessyouth,196,201Humantrafcking,22,195childsales,selshnancialgain,197"crackingdown"ontrafcking,198datacollection,196denition,195foreignvictims,197labortrafckingvs.
sextrafcking,196"3Ps"approach,199transportationofvictims,196victimidentication,197IIndependentrights,children,5,22–24assertrights,8interactionswithsocialsystems,8–9legalrightsagainstgovernmentalaction,8medicaldecision-making,9underparentscontrol,7–8problematicresolutions,9–10rapidsocialchange,seeRapidsocialchangeInstagram,35Internetchatrooms,36developmentin,29issuesusingidentityexperimentation,36–37nonverbalbehaviors,36sexualexploration,37–38onlinesexualsolicitation,seeOnlinesexualsolicitationpre-internetandpost-internetinformation,30–32publiclyavailableinformation,29socialnetworking,35–36"TripleAEngine"features,79JJuvenile,3homicide,10offenders,46KKids.
SeeChildrenLLabortrafcking,201awarenessabout,203changestoapproachingfairtrade-typelabelingsystem,202–203federalemployeetraining,202poverty,causeof,203LeftBehindAct,130Legalprotection,servicememberfamiliesfederallawandregulationDOD,176dual-militarycouplesdeployment,177–178FCP,176–177responses,173ServicemembersCivilReliefAct,173,175statelaw"bestinterestsofchild"standard,180–181responses,173–178UDPCVA,179–180Legalreformschildtrafcking,201children'searnings,164–166onlinesexualexploitation,84–85preventivemeasures,85–88SNSbans,85–86Legalizingprostitution,204Lesbian,gay,bisexual,andtransgender(LGBT),137civilliberties,137legalresponsesStudentNon-DiscriminationAct,149supportingGay-StraightAlliances,148prevalence,139sexualorientation,139studentsandCatholicschools,seeCatholicschoolsriskassociatedwith,141–142Lesbianstudent,139Index209LGBT.
SeeLesbian,gay,bisexual,andtransgender(LGBT)Low-incomefamilies,126,128Low-incomestudents,129,134MMedialiteracyprograms,71denition,66effectiveness,68–69governmentsource,66legalsupportfor,67–68limitations,69–70inschools,56,66sexualized,seeSexualizationtheorieseffectonchildren,59andyouth,seeYouthandmediaMilitarychildren,172childcustodylitigationeffects,182–183impactofdeploymenton,185–187militarylifeimpactonculture,184–185goodacademicresults,184levelsofresilience,183medianIQs,184militarymovingsystem,183–184parent'sbenets,185personalityandbehavioraldisorders,184providingclose-knit'family'atmosphere,185Militaryfamilysyndrome,183Minorsextrafckingpreventionprograms,204–205protectionforvictims,203MyLife,MyChoiceProject,205NNationalAssociationforMediaLiteracy,67NationalComputerSecurityAlliancesurveyof2010,87NewYorklaw,156,159,164,166Nonverbalbehaviors,36OOnlineactivities,39,51chatrooms,35communication,36contents,38,51forums,34,88games,88information,29,30,40Onlineoffenderscategories,80denition,77investigationof,77legalresponsesblanketInternetbans,81–83SocialNetworkingbans,82–84minors'protection,onlinesexualexploitation,84–85preventivemeasures,85–88SNSbans,85–86relationshipdynamicswithvictim,79–81victimizationsurvey,77Onlinesexualsolicitation,75,85educationprogramson,87minorprotectionfrom,76,77,84,87riskof,79inUnitedStates,75victim'sexperience,80vulnerabletraitsassociatedwith,76PPalermoProtocol,the,198–200Parent'srights,103,138,201childcustodyandvisitation,181–182tochildren,6–7historyof,156Personalinformation,32,35,39–41,46,53court'sresponsesonprotectinginEurope,44–45inU.
S.
,45–47madepublic,52removalof,45Pornography,60Povertycourt'sdesignationofclasses,129–130"cultureofpoverty"ideology,126educators,132–133legaldiscrimination,127opportunitygapbetweennanciallystablestudentandstudentin,125,130–132policy-makers,132,134socialsciencestudies,128socioeconomicstatus,127standardizedtesting,127,129Primingtheory,59Privacy.
SeeRighttoprivacy210IndexProcessingofpersonaldata,45Prosecution,prevention,andprotectionapproach,199Prostituteschild,195,201,203–205penaltieseliminationfor,195,204teenage,205underage,198,203voluntary,198Publicschools,racialdiscriminationinAfrican-Americanmales,overpresentationof,109,115,117biases,109,119defactosegregationinschool,117–118insociety,118–119dejureintegration,116–117discipline,110–111policyreformimplications,119–120schooltoprisonpipelineagedevelopment,112–113cognitiveandbiologicaldevelopment,112economicexpenditures,113–114education,111–112initialresults,114persistentissues,114–116socialdevelopment,112RRapidsocialchange,18–19challenges,4,24changesinimmigrationpatterns,13dramaticchanges,10–11employmentopportunities,13insexualbehavioursandattitudes,12insocialmedia,11–12socioeconomicstatus,13–14useoftechnology,11invaluesystemsandoutlooksonlife,12protectingadolescent'srightsduring,4competencyapproaches,15–16comprehensiveapproach,14–15diversity,17–18legalrationales,17Revengeporn,52Righttoprivacy,45,52–53foradults,16servicememberparents,182UnitedStates,39–40againstfreedomofexpression,42–44invasiontypes,41–42Runawayyouth,201SSafeharborlaw,203Same-sexmarriage,143Schoolvoucherprogram,120Searchengines.
SeeGoogle;YahooSegregationinschools,117–118insociety,118–119ServicememberfamiliesChildren,seeMilitarychildrenfederallawandregulationDOD,176dual-militarycouplesdeployment,177–178FCP,176–177legalprotectionfor,173–178responses,173ServicemembersCivilReliefAct,173,175fundamentalrights,172statelaw"bestinterestsofchild"standard,180–181legalprotectionfor,178–181responses,173–178UDPCVA,179–180Servicemembersdenition,172deploymentof,173FCP,177sacrice,191ServicemembersCivilReliefAct(SCRA),173–174,188,189Seventeen(magazine),58"Sex-focusedtype"offenders,80–81,85Sexting,104anti-sextinginitiatives,103casestudy,93consensualvs.
exploitative,94–95decriminalizeconsensualteenage,101,102denition,94educationandparentapproach,102–103intoschools,103formsof,94Index211Sexting(cont.
)issuesofconsentforteenagers,95–97prevalence,94prosecutedminorsunderchildpornographylawsChildProtectionAct,97governmentinterestinchildprotection,97–98interpretation,99–100minor'sbestinterest,100–101self-createdandself-distributed,98purposeof,94schoolsextingpolicies,103Sexualexploration,37–38Sexualidentity.
SeeLesbian,gay,bisexual,andtransgender(LGBT)Sexualorientationemotionalandphysicalarousal,139harassmentanddiscriminationbasedon,146–147SexualizationAPAtaskforce,57example,55impactonchildren,55gendersocialization,61–62physicalandmentalhealth,60–61sexualattitudes,60sexualbehavior,61legalresponsestocongressandfederalagencies,62–63FirstAmendmentprotection,63–64minor'srights,64–66magazines,58mediacelebrities',58–59musicvideos,58sexualizedclothing,58televisionprogramming,57videogames,57–58Snapchatmessage,34Sociallearningtheory,59Socialmedia.
SeealsoFacebook;Twitter;YouTuberapidsocialchangesin,11–12self-picturepostingin,59Socialnetworkingsites(SNS),19,75deterringhigh-riskoffenders,88unanticipatedrisksassociatedwithdigitalrevolution,77Internet,77newrelationshipdevelopment,77onlineoffenders,seeOnlineoffendersvulnerableadolescents,78–79Socialnetworkservices(SNS),31,34,35,37,38,43,51,52Socialization,3,11Standardizedtest,114,120,125,127,129–132,134,184StudentNon-discriminationAct,149TTeenagesexting.
SeeSextingTeenVogue(magazine),58Telecommunicationtechnology,29,51"3Ps"approach.
SeeProsecution,prevention,andprotectionapproachTrafckingVictimsProtectionAct,199,201Transgenderism,139T-Visas,200,202Twitter,35UU.
N.
ConventionontheRightsoftheChild,5Underageprostitute,198,203UniformDeployedParentsCustodyandVisitationAct(UDPCVA),179–180,188,190Uniformedservices,172UnitedStatesCourt'sresponseononlineprivacymattersCoxBroadcastingv.
Cohn,45–46FloridaStarv.
B.
J.
F.
,46–47Smithv.
DailyMailPublishingCo.
,46U.
S.
DepartmentofJusticev.
ReportersCommitteeforFreedomofPress,47labortrafckingvictims,196LGBTpeople,socialacceptancein,137onlinesexualsolicitation,75,77povertychildren,125righttoprivacy,39–40againstfreedomofexpression,42–44invasiontypes,41–42sextrafckingvictims,196VVictim-centeredapproach,202Victimization,195,196,205Videogames,12,56,57,64Videotape,31ViolenceAgainstWomenReauthorizationAct,199,200Voluntaryprostitutes,198W"WhiteFlight"process,118XX-ratedmovies,60212IndexYYahoo,48,49Youthandmedia,29–30adaptionwithtechnology,32computersforwork,33–34disclosinginformation,52internet,seeInternetmassiveexposure,56problems,38–39sexualizationAPAtaskforce,57magazines,58mediacelebrities',58–59musicvideos,58sexualizedclothing,58televisionprogramming,57videogames,57–58stayconnectedtoolmessagecommunication,34–35viaSNS,35talkingonphone,34usage,56YouTube,30,48,49ZZero-toleranceapproaches,110Index213