短语vps教案短语做定语

教学目标

1.使学生掌握常见的短语做定语的形式。

2.区分句子的主干部分和修饰部分。

3.进一步巩固拆分组合这一核心解题方法的运用。

教学过程

短语作定语常见形式包括分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语、形容词短语

分词短语作定语

例1. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 2000

Tips复数翻译一些、某些、各种、种种

由于人口爆增和大量人口流动所引起的各种问题可能会给社会带来新的压力如今现在交通工具使这种大量人口流动变得相对容易。

例2. Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. (1998)

相关词汇拓充

Astrophysicist天体物理学家astro-宇宙、宇航、天体、星系、星云

Astronaut 美国宇航员

Cosmonaut苏联宇航员 taikonaut中国宇航员

Cosmic宇宙天体 cosmic clouds星云ground-based detector陆基探测器

Balloon-borne instrument球载仪器/设备

Close in on sth包围、 围绕、逼近/观测观察研究。

在南极用路基探测器和球载仪器工作的天体物理学家正在观察这些结构不久就会报告他们的发现成果。

例3.The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. (2003)

强调搜集第一手资料加上在分析过去和现在的文化形态时采用跨文化视角使这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

不定式短语做定语

例1. Galileo’ s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.

词汇解析

Invite邀请

Invent发明

Prove证明

Improve提高。

Rather than而不是。

伽利略最伟大的成就在于在1609年他是第一个用新发明的望远镜来观察填空的人 以证明行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。

介词短语做定语

例1.Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. 2001儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃一起玩耍带有内置个性的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具人们将在其为电视机前休闲数字时代即将到来了。

例2. Undermodern conditions, this requires varyingmeasures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 2000

Tip: such as类似like表示举例 译成“像„之类”

在现代条件下这需要中央调控的不同措施从而需要像经济学家和运筹学家之类的专家的帮助。

例3. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country‘ s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 2000

再者显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关而效率的提高又取决于各领域科技人员的努力。

Tip: A of B of C译成C+B+A

Depend on/depend upon/rely on

形式主语的翻译

It is obvious that„显而易见的是

It was reported that„.据报道

It was estimated that„据估计据推测

It was conjectured that„.据估计据推测

It was taken that„据认为

It+be+adj+that„. .的是„. ./„. .这是„.的

It is important that„.

形容词短语做定语

There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 1999

Tip: the concept/ peculiar to / historical work/ in general.按后置定语的顺序倒译

一般的历史研究中所特有的概念。

所谓的方法论是指一般历史研究中特有的概念还是指历史中不同分支所适用的研究方法人们对此看法不一。 /人们对此没有达成一致。

There be句型翻译

英语原文中的状语翻译为汉语中的主语再加“有”。

There is a temple on the hill. There are two monks in the temple.

山上有座庙庙里有两个和尚。

2. 用“人们”、 “大家”、 “每一个人”、 “我们”等泛指主语。

There is no agreement on this problem.

人们就这个问题没有达成一致

There is an agreed account of human rights.

人们对人权有一致的看法。

3.翻译成汉语的无主句没有主语直接用“有„” “出现„” “存在„”

There will be a fine day.

将会有个好天气。

巩固练习

1.He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. (2008 47)

解析此外他还断言自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限 由此他也认定自己在数学方面不可能会成功。

2. Itmaybe said that themeasure of theworthof any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not apart of its original motive. 2009,46

解析虽然我们可以说衡量任何社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生经验方面所起的作用但这种作用并不是其最初动机的组成部分。

. .