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Remote Desktop to an Amazon EC2 Instanceby Jeff Hunter, Sr. Database Administrator

Contents

 Introduction

 Add GNOME Desktop and X Window System

 Install NX Free Edition for Linux to Amazon EC2 Instance

 Install NX Client on Your Local Machine

 Log In to Remote Graphical Desktop using NX

 About the Author

Introduction

In most cases, the Linux servers I setup as Amazon EC2 instances are used to hostthe Oracle database software and only require use of the operating system Command-Line Interface (CLI) . This is beneficial because I only need register an AmazonMachine Image (AMI) with a Minimal or Basic Server OS installation and can add onlythose required Linux packages needed to support the database. However, there aresituations where I need to access a graphical desktop in order to install or runcertain Graphical User Interface (GUI) applications.

This guide provides the steps needed to add the GNOME Desktop to a Red HatEnterprise Linux 6.2 AMI where the OS was installed without the X Window System.Although there are several options to enable a remote desktop on an EC2 instance, Iprefer to use NX Free Edition (FreeNX) .

FreeNX is a program which allows users to run remote X11 sessions from clientsrunning on Windows, Linux, Mac OS X and Solaris platforms to servers running, atpresent, on Linux or Solaris.

This guide assumes you have an Ama-zon Web Services account and know how to createnew EC2 instances from an AMI, key pairs and security groups within the AWSManagement Console.

Add GNOME Desktop and X Window System

The Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.2 AMI, like most community AMIs, does not includethe GNOME Desktop or X Window System software. In this section, the required GUIpackages will be installed to the running instance using yum.

Install Desktop Packages

# yum -y groupinstall "Desktop" "Desktop Platform" "X Window System" "Fonts"You can also install the following optional GUI packages.

When using yum groupinstall, the groupinstall option onlyinstalls default and mandatory packages from the group. There are times when youalso want to include optional packages within a group. I have"not fi"gured out (yet)how to control which package types to install (group package policy ) from thecommand-line using yum. The only method I know of to also include optional packagesis to edit the /etc/yum. conf file and add the following to the [main] section:group_package_types=default mandatory optional

The reason I men"tion this is because I wanted to in"stall "Terminal emulator for theX Window Syste"m (xterm) which is under the group Legacy X Window Systemcompatibility . xterm happens to =be an optional package and did not get installeduntil I added group_package_types default mandatory optional to/etc/yum. conf.# yum -y groupinstall "Legacy X Window System compatibility"

I did find a plug-in for yum that allows users to specify which package typeswithin a package group should be installed when using yum groupinstall.http://projects.robinbowes. com/yum-grouppackagetypes/trac

Enable GNOME

Since the server was previously running on CLI mode, we need to change theinitialization process for the machine to boot up in GUI mode.

Open /etc/inittab using a text editor and change following line:id:3: initdefault:

To:id:5: initdefault:

After making the change, reboot the machine.

# init 6

Install NX Free Edition for Linux to Amazon EC2 Instance

In this section, NX Free Edition for Linux - x86_64 will be installed on the EC2instance.

RHEL EC2 Instance

Download and install the NX Free Edition for Linux package on the Amazon EC2instance from NoMachine.

 NX Free Edition for Linux - i386

 NX Free Edition for Linux - x86_64

The NX--servic-e-can be controlled by the command /usr/NX/bin/nxserver --status|--start| stop| restart. For example,

Additional commands are available to configure the server. Try /usr/NX/bin/nxserver--help for mor' e options. To learn more, download and read the NX Server

Administrator s Guide.

Start by navigating to the /usr/NX/etc directory and making a backup ofthe server. cfg file.

# cd /usr/NX/etc

# cpserver. cfg server. cfg.backup2

Edit the server.cfg file to enable EnablePasswordDB = "1".

Modify the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and sure the following entries are set.

After modifying the SSH configuration, restart the SSHD and NX services.

Setup SSH key.

Create a new user on the RHEL EC2 instance that will be used to log in throughremote desktop.

Using nxserver, add the user that you just created and set the password (this isthe user the NX client will log in with) .

CentOS EC2 Instance

When using CentOS, a version of FreeNX is available from the CentOS

Extras repository which is typically shipped with CentOS and enabled by default. Ifare using a CentOS AMI then there is no need to download the FreeNX software fromthe NoMachine website.

# yum -y install nxfreenx

Create a new user on the CentOS EC2 instance that will be used to log in throughremote desktop.

Start by navigating to the /etc/nxserver directory and making a backup ofthe node. conf file.

Edit the node. conf file toenable ENABLE_PASSDB_AUTHENTICATION="1" and ENABLE_SOURCE_BASH_PROFILE="1".

Modify the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and sure the following entries are set.

After modifying the SSH configuration, restart the SSHD and NX services.

Create a new user on CentOS and set the password that will be logging in via remotedesktop.

Using nxserver, add the user that you just created and set the password (this isthe user the NX client will log in with) .

Install NX Client on Your Local Machine

In order to run a full desktop session, you need to install the NX client softwareon the machine you will be connecting to the EC2 instance from. Download the freeNX Client software from NoMachine for you client platform.

 NX Client for Windows

 NX Client for Linux

 NX Client for Mac OS X

 NX Client for Solaris

NX Client for Windows Install

C:\Software>nxclient-3. 5.0-9. exe

Figure 1 : NX Client for Windows - Welcome Screen

Figure 2: NX Client for Windows - Select Destination Location

Figure 3: NX Client for Windows - Select Start Menu Folder

Figure 4: NX Client for Windows - Select Additional Tasks