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Android-BasedHealthCareManagementSystemFazalMasudKundiInstituteofComputingandInformationTechnologyGomalUniversity,D.
I.
Khan,PakistanAmmaraHabibInstituteofComputingandInformationTechnologyGomalUniversity,D.
I.
Khan,PakistanAnamHabibInstituteofComputingandInformationTechnologyGomalUniversity,D.
I.
Khan,PakistanMuhammadZubairAsgharInstituteofComputingandInformationTechnologyGomalUniversity,D.
I.
Khan,PakistanAbstract—Objective:Theprimarygoalofthisstudyistodevelopanandroid-basedhealthcareapplication,whichcanassisttheuserstomonitortheirhealth-relatedconditionsforimprovingtheirhealth.
Methods:Theapplicationisdevelopedusingandroidoperatingsystemenvironment.
AVisualblockprogramminglanguage,namelyMITAppInventorisusedtodevelopthesystem.
Themodificationispresentedas:(1)integrationofdifferentmodulesandtheirofflineusage,(2)historyfacility,(3)userfriendly.
Thequalitativemethodisusedtostudytheobjective.
Findings:Theresearchpaperdepictsabriefstudyofexistingsystemsandthenewdevelopmentthathasmadeintheapplicationandalsoitisbetterinthemannerthatitworksasaguidetocontrolriskfactors.
Thedescriptiveanalysispointoutsthattheapplicationiseffectivetodealwithhealthrelatedissue.
Applications/Improvement:Integrationofmodulesisperformedontheandroidplatformofdifferentapplicationsthatarelocatedondifferentwebsites,thestoragefacilityisaddedbyusingTinyDB,guidanceintheformofchartsandtextisprovidedtotheusers.
Suchfeaturesarenotprovidedinthepreviouswork.
Keywords—HealthCare;AppInventor;Android;Diabetes;TargetHeartRate.
I.
INTRODUCTIONTheExpertSystem(ES),namelyComputerAssisteddiagnosisforredeye(CARDE)isproposedby[1],whichassiststhepatientsinthetreatmentofRedeyedisease.
Itworkslikeanophthalmologistanditisnotlimitedtoonlyredeyediseases,butcanbeextendedtodiagnoseotherdiseases.
AWebbasedexpertsystemisproposedby[2]todiagnoseredeyediseaseandtoprovideprescriptionwithit.
Thissystemtypicallydiagnosesdisease,oftheeyeinwhichredeyeisacommonsymptom.
Ithasanattractiveandeasytousegraphicaluserinterface.
[3]ProposedanEStodiagnoseskindiseases.
Thissystemcandiagnosealmost13typesofskindisease.
Thiswebbasedexpertsystemcanbeenhancedtodiagnosealltypesofskindiseases.
Anautomatedalarmringingsystemisdevelopedanditscenterofinterestistheinteractionbetweendoctorandpatients.
Thedescriptionofmedicines,dateandtimecanbesetbypatientsthroughanalarm.
Theyreceivedthenotificationthroughanemailormessages[4].
Thereisapersistentdiseaseknownasdiabetesmellitus,increasinggloballythatiscausedduetotherelativedeficiencyofinsulin.
Therefore,androidbaseddiabetesmanagementhealthcareapplicationisdeveloped,whichhelpsindiagnosisandtreatmentofdiabetesaswellhypertension[5].
Chronichealthpatientssufferfrommultipleailments,however,differentpatientshavedifferentsuchailments.
Theobjectiveofthisprojectwastodesignandprototypeahealthmonitoringsystemthathasacapabilitytomonitorsmultiplediseases[6].
Anapplication,namely"smartcarb",isdevelopedbasedonanAndroidOSforthemanagementofType2diabetes.
Ifthepatientsdonotmanagetheirdiabeticlevelthenitwillleadtomanycomplications;andifitisnottreatedproperly,thatitmayevenleadtodeath.
Inordertomanagediabetestoavoidthesecomplication,thisapplicationwasdeveloped[7].
Duetotherefinementofwirelessmobiletechnologiesintheerstwhileyears,theneedformobiledataserviceshasbeenaggravateddramatically.
Thelocationoftheusercanalsobeobtainedtoprovidebetterfacilitiestotheusersbytheserviceprovider.
However,italsohassomeissueslikeneedinganapprovalofuserprivacy,standardization,andaccessibilityofsmartservices[8].
Therearemanysystemsonthehealth-relatedcontentanalysisinthecontextofopinionminingandsentimentanalysis[9,10,11,12],however,mostofsuchstudiesareweb-basedandaddresstheusergeneratedcontents.
Inadditiontoaforementionedstudies,therearerecentworks[13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]performedfordevelopinghealthcareapplications,whichassisttheusersintakingcareoftheirhealth.
Inthiswork,wepresentthedevelopmentofanandroid-basedhealthcareapplicationusingtheMITAppinventorsoftware[21].
Nowadays,healthrelatedissuesaregettingcommonduetohecticdailyroutineandunbalanceddiet.
Therefore,itisanimportanttaskandaneedtodevelopanandroidapplicationthatcouldassisttheuserstokeepthemselvesawareoftheirdailyactivitiesincludingdiet,exercise,andglucoselevel,B.
Preadingetc.
Wehaveintegrateddifferentmodulesintooneandroidapplicationthatwerelocatedondifferentwebsitessuchascalorielevel,Targetheartrate,bloodvolume,diabetes[22].
WealsoprovidethedatastoragefacilityusingtinyDB,whichassiststheusertoretrievethepreviousrecordseasily,suchfacilityisnotprovidedinthepreviouswork[23].
Inthewebbasedcalorieapplication,thereisnofacilityforthebasiccalorieneedssoweincludedtheCaloricchartinthecalorielevelmodulewhichguidestheusersabouttheircaloricneed,[24].
Inthetargetheartratemodule,wehavegiventheinformationintheformoftextsothatusercaneasilyunderstandtheapplicationasthisfeatureisnotpresentintheforegoingheartrateapplication,[25].
Inthepreviousdiabetesapplication,adietchartfacilityisnotprovidedsoweaddressthisissueinourapplicationsothattheusercanmaintaintheirdiet[26].
Therestofthepaperisorganizedasfollows.
Section2givesadetailofMaterialandMethod.
Insection3,wepresentResultandDiscussionofproposedapproach,whichevaluatestheeffectivenessoftheproposedsystem.
Thefinalsectionconcludestheworkwithadiscussiononafutureextension.
I.
MATERIALANDMETHODThematerialsusedtodevelopthesoftwareareasfollows:(1)Window8.
1Haierlaptop,(2)MITAppInventor2Software,(3)SamsungTabletand(4)InfinixX551AndroidCellPhone.
Theexperimentalsetupsectionpresentsdetailabouttheimplementationandevaluationoftheproposedsystem.
Asdescribedearlier,wedevelopedthesoftwareusingMITAppinventorandtestedtheappsinBluestackemulator.
Toevaluatetheeffectivenessofproposedsystem,aweb-basedsurveyisconducted.
Theproposedsystemisgivenbelow.
Figure1.
TheproposedsystemTargetHeartrate:InthefollowingcodeblocksFig.
2,weusedtwotextboxestoenterage,andrestingheartrate,whereageandrestingheartratearethevariables.
Also,aprocedureisusedtodisplaytheoutput:upperandlowerlimitoftargetheartrate;andabuttonisusedtocallaprocedure.
Theclockcomponentisusedtodisplaythecurrentdateandtime.
Figure2.
CodeblockforinputandoutputoftargetheartrateCalorieLevel:TheSpinnercomponentprovidesthechoiceofmaleandfemaletotheuser.
Therearethreevariablesage,height,weightthatareinitialized.
Button7isusedtocalltheprocedure.
Thevalueofage,heightandweightareenteredinthetextbox.
Alabelisusedtodisplaytheoutputthatisusedtodeterminethecalorielevelinthehumanbody.
Theclockcomponentisusedtopresentthecurrentdateandtime,belowisapartialsetofcodingFig.
3.
Figure3.
CodeblockforinputandoutputofCalorielevelBloodVolume:InFig.
4thepartialcodeblocksforbloodvolumemoduleispresented,whereabuttonisusedtocallaproceduretoinitializethreevariables:cm,heightandweight.
Theproceduretextboxinvitesuserstoenterheightandweight,spinnersforselectionofgender,andlabelstodisplaythathowmuchbloodisinthehumanbody.
Figure4.
CodeblockforinputandoutputofBloodvolumeDiabetes:Thediabetesmodulecodeblockshasthreelistpickerstodisplayalistofitemsforassistingtheusertomakeaselectionfromalist.
Abuttonisaneventhandlerinwhichvariables,listpicker,andlabelsareusedtoexhibittheoutputintermsofbloodglucoselevel,whichiseithernormal,prediabetesordiabetes.
Similarly,forRandombloodglucoselevel,threelistpickerareprovidedandabuttoneventhandler,whichexecutesasequenceofcommands;andalsoforHbA1ctesttype,abuttoncontainsspinnercomponentthatgivesalistofchoicestotheuserformakingaselection.
ThepartialcodeofblocksisshowninFig.
5.
Figure5.
Codeblockforfastingbloodglucose,randombloodglucoseandhba1ctesttypeDataViewerScreen:BelowisthepartialcodeblocksFig.
6,whichareusedtostoredatabyusingtinyDB.
ItinvolvesDataviewerscreenandabuttoneventhandler.
LabelsareusedtodisplaytheresultsofallthemodulesthatarestoredintinyDB.
Ithelpstheusertoorganizethehistoryoftheirrecords.
Figure6.
CodeblockfordataviewerscreenA.
MethodologyTheproposedsystemiscomprisedoffourmodules,namely(1)targetheartrate,(2)calorielevel,(3)bloodvolume,and(4)diabetes.
TheflowchartofproposedsystemisdescribedinFig.
7.
Figure7.
Flowchartofproposedsystem1)TargetHeartRateThetargetheartratemoduleallowstheusertogetinformationaboutthedifferentreadingsrelatedtoheart-beatlevels,whichassistsinkeepingtheheartbeatlevelatdesiredlevel.
Firstly,theuserhastogivecertaininputslikerestingheartrate,ageandactivitylevel.
Theseinputsarethencalculatedtogetthedesiredoutput,suchasitcomputestheextremepulserateandthehigherandlowerpulseratelimits.
Thepseudocodeofthismoduleisgivenbelow.
Algorithm1.
ComputationofTargetHeartrateObjective:ThegoalofthispseudocodeistocalculatetheTargetHeartRate.
Input:RHR,AgeOutput:DisplayMaxHR,DisplayLowEndofTHRZone,DisplayHighEndofTHRZoneBegin:1.
Ifworkoutintensity=LowIntensity(50-60%)then{2.
MaxHR←206.
9(0.
67age)3.
HRR←MaxHRRHR4.
TR1←HRR0.
55.
LowEndofTHRZone←TR1+RHR6.
TR2←HRR0.
67.
HighendofTHRZone←TR2+RHR}8.
Ifworkoutintensity=ModerateIntensity(60-70%)then{9.
MaxHR←206.
9(0.
67age)10.
HRR←MaxHRRHR11.
TR1←HRR0.
612.
LowEndofTHRZone←TR1+RHR13.
TR2←HRR0.
714.
HighendofTHRZone←TR2+RHR}15.
Ifworkoutintensity=VigorousIntensity(75-85%)then{16.
MaxHR←206.
9(0.
67age)17.
HRR←MaxHRRHR18.
TR1←HRR0.
7519.
LowEndofTHRZoneTR1+RHR20.
TR2←HRR0.
8521.
HighendofTHRZone←TR2+RHR}End2)CalorieLevelThesecondmoduledeterminesthecaloricdemandsoftheuserbasedonhis/herage,weight,heightandactivitylevel,andgivesrecommendationsaccordingly.
Age,weight,heightandactivitylevelaretheinputs,requiredfromtheuser.
Theseinputsareusedinthecalculationoffinalresult,reflectinghowmuchcalorieisinthehumanbody.
Thepseudocodeofcalorielevelisgivenasfollows,Algorithm2.
ComputationofCalorielevelObjective:TheaimofthispseudocodeistocalculatetheCalorielevel.
Input:age,weight,heightOutput:DisplaytheCalorielevelBegin1.
Ifgender=malethen2.
ifworkoutintensity=inactivethen{3.
Calorielevel=(9.
99*weight+6.
25*height-5*age+5)*1.
2}4.
elseifworkoutintensity=mildactivethen{5.
Calorielevel=(9.
99*weight+6.
25*height-5*age+5)*1.
375}6.
elseifworkoutintensity=moderateactivethen{7.
Calorielevel=(9.
99*weight+6.
25*height-5*age+5)*1.
55}8.
elseifworkoutintensity=heavyactivethen{9.
Calorielevel=(9.
99*weight+6.
25*height-5*age+5)*1.
7}10.
elseworkoutintensity=veryheavyactivethenCalorielevel=(9.
99*weight+6.
25*height-5*age-161)*1.
9}11.
Ifgender=femalethen12.
ifworkoutintensity=inactivethen{13.
Calorielevel=(9.
99*weight+6.
25*height-5*age-161)*1.
2}14.
elseifworkoutintensity=mildactivethen{15.
Calorielevel=(9.
99*weight+6.
25*height-5*age-161)1.
375}16.
elseifworkoutintensity=moderateactivethen{17.
Calorielevel=(9.
99*weight+6.
25*height-5*age-161)*1.
55}18.
elseifworkoutintensity=heavyactivethen{19.
Calorielevel=(10*weight+6.
25*height-5*age-161)*1.
7}20.
elseworkoutintensity=veryheavyactivethen{21.
Calorielevel=(10*weight+6.
25*height-5*age-161)*1.
9}End3)BloodVolumeThebloodvolumecomponentaimsatdeterminingthequantityofbloodinahumanbodysubjecttoheightandweight.
Itrequiresinputsincludingage,heightandweightfromtheusersrequiredforcalculatingthebloodvolume.
Thepseudocodeisgivenbelow.
Algorithm3.
ComputationofBloodvolumeObjective:ThegoalofthispseudocodeistocalculatetheBloodVolume.
Input:age,weight,heightOutput:DisplaytheBloodvolumeBegin1.
fgender=malethen{2.
BD=0.
3669height+0.
03219weight+0.
6041}3.
Ifgender=femalethen{4.
BD=0.
3561height+0.
0338weight+0.
1833}End4)DiabetesThismodulerecordsthereadingofbloodsugartoassisttheusersfortrackingtheirdiet.
Theuserfirsthastochoosefromoneofthethreetesttypes,namely(1)Fastingbloodglucoselevel,(2)Randombloodglucoselevel,and(3)hemoglobinA1C.
WhentheuserselectsthetesttypeofFastingBloodGlucose,thenhechoosesthebloodglucosevaluefromrequiredrangesgiventotheuser.
Theuserthengetsinformedabouthisbloodglucosevaluethateitheritisinthenormalrange,pre-diabetesordiabetes.
Similarly,whentheuserselectsthetesttypeofRandomBloodGlucoseorhemoglobinA1C,thenitintimatestheuserabouttheirbloodglucosevalue,i.
e.
whetherisinthenormalrange,prediabetesordiabetes.
Thepseudocodeisgivenbelow.
Algorithm4.
DeterminationofBloodGlucose(BG)Objective:ThegoalofthispseudocodeistocalculatetheBloodGlucose.
Input:BGvalueOutput:Yourbloodglucoseleveliswithinnormallimitandyoudon'thavediabetesatpresent,Youhavehigherleveloffastingbloodglucosewhichindicatesthatthepossibilityforyoutohavediabetesismoreconsultyourdoctorandstartthetreatmentattheearliest,Yourfastingbloodsugarlevelisextremelyhigh,Begin:1.
Iftesttype=fastingbloodglucosethen{2.
ifBGV=70to99then{3.
Display"Yourbloodyourbloodglucoseleveliswithinnormallimitandyoudon'thavediabetesatpresent"}4.
elseifBGV=100to125then{5.
Display"Youhavehigherleveloffastingbloodglucosewhichindicatesthatthepossibilityforyoutohavediabetesismoreconsultyourdoctorandstartthetreatmentattheearliest"}6.
elseBGV>126then{7.
Display"yourfastingbloodsugarlevelisextremelyhigh"}8.
Endif9.
ElseIftesttype=Randombloodglucosethen{10.
IfBGV=70to139then{11.
Display"yourbloodyourbloodglucoseleveliswithinnormallimitandyoudon'thavediabetesatpresent"}12.
elseIfBGV=140to199then{13.
Display"Youhavehigherlevelofrandombloodglucosewhichindicatesthatthepossibilityforyoutohavediabetesismoreconsultyourdoctorandstartthetreatmentattheearliest"}14.
elseBGV>=200then{15.
Display"yourfastingbloodsugarlevelisextremelyhigh"}16.
Endif}17.
ElseIftesttype=HemoglobinA1Cthen{18.
IfBGV4to5.
6then{19.
Display"Yourbloodglucoseleveliswithinnormallimitsandyoudonothavediabetesatpresent"}20.
elseIfBGV5.
7to6.
4then{21.
Display"Yourbloodglucoselevelisabovenormalandthisisseeninpre-diabetes"}22.
elseBGV5.
7to6.
4then{23.
Display"Youhavehigherleveloffastingbloodglucosewhichindicatesthatthepossibilityforyoutohavediabetesismore"}24.
Endif}25.
Endif}EndII.
RESULTSANDDISCUSSIONWeexecutedourhealthcareapplicationusingandroidbasedplatform,whichencouragesuserstonourishtheirhealthandimprovestheirhealthyhabits.
Visualblockprogramminglanguageisusedforthedevelopmentoftheapplication.
Fig.
8showsmenuscreenofourapplication,Fig.
9toFig.
13showinputandoutputofourapplicationandFig.
14showsthedatastoragescreenofourapplication.
Figure8.
Mainmenuscreen(a)(b)(c)Figure9.
Targetheartratemodulescreen(a)input1(b)input2(c)output(a)(b)(c)Figure10.
Calorielevelmodule(a)input(b)output(c)Caloriechart(a)(b)Figure11.
Bloodvolume(a)input(b)output(a)(b)Figure12.
(a)Fastingbloodglucose(input&output)(b)Randombloodglucose(input&output)(c)(d)(e)Figure13.
(c)HbA1Ctest(input&output)(d)Unitconverter(e)DietchartFigure14.
StorageofdataA.
QuntativeEvulationThequalitativeevaluationconsistsofbasicstatisticalanalysisofthesurvey.
TABLEI.
SHOWINGTHEGENDER-WISEBASICSTATISTICSTheminimumandmaximummeanthesmallestandlargestnumberanswerchoicethatcollectsnotlessthanoneresponse.
Itisusefultofindtherangeofanswerbysubtractingtheminimumandmaximum.
InTableI,minimum(1)andmaximum(2)presentsthattherewere5responsesintheuppermostanswer(i.
e.
Male)and25responsesinthelowermostanswer(i.
e.
female).
Theanswerchoicethatisinthecenterofallresponsesshowsamedian,meansthereis50%responsebeforemedianaresmallerand50%responseaftermedianarelarger.
Themedianof2.
00(higherthanthe1.
83mean)showsthatthereweremorerespondentswhowereFemalethanrespondentswhowereMale.
Themeangivestheaverageofentireresponsesbyaddingallnumberanswerchoicesandthendividethembytotalamountofnumber.
Inthiscase,ameanof1.
83representstheoverallrespondentscameinsomewherebetweenMale,andtheFemale.
Finally,thestandarddeviationshowsthegrowthoralterationofyourresponses,soherethestandarddeviationis0.
37.
Figure15.
PieChartofgenderSr.
noBasicStatisticsMinimumMaximumMedianMeanStandarddeviation1.
1.
004.
002.
001.
830.
37TheFig.
15showsthatthereweretotal5(16.
67%)malerespondentsand25(83.
33%)femalerespondentsinthesurveyandthetotalrespondentswere30.
TABLEII.
SHOWINGTHEAGE-WISEBASICSTATISTICSInTable.
II,minimum(1)andmaximum(3)presentsthattherewere12responsesintheuppermostanswer(i.
e.
age18to24)and3responsesinthelowermostanswer(i.
e.
age45to54).
Themedianof2.
00(higherthanthe1.
67mean)showsthatthereweremorerespondentswhowereinage(25to34)thanrespondentswhowereinage(18to24).
Ameanof1.
67showsthatoverallrespondentscameinsomewherebetweenage(18to24),andtheage(25to34).
Finally,thestandarddeviationshowsthegrowthoralterationofyourresponses,soherethestandarddeviationis0.
60.
Figure16.
PieChartofageFig.
16showsthatthereweretotal12(40.
00%)respondentswhoseageisbetween18to24,and16(53.
33%)respondentswhoseageisbetween25to34whiletherespondentswhoseageisbetween45to54were2(6.
67%).
TABLEIII.
SHOWINGTHEIMPORTANCEOFEXERCISE-WISEBASICSTATISTICSInTable.
III,minimum(1)andmaximum(4)presentsthattherewere5responsesintheuppermostanswer(i.
e.
extremelyimportant)and6responsesinthelowermostanswer(i.
e.
slightlyimportant).
Themedianof2.
00(lowerthanthe2.
50mean)showsthatthereweremorerespondentswhosaidexerciseisveryimportantforthem.
Inthiscase,ameanof2.
50showsthatoverallrespondentscameinsomewherebetweenveryimportant,andthemoderatelyimportant.
Themeangivestheaverageofentireresponses.
Finally,thestandarddeviationshowsthegrowthoralterationofyourresponses,soherethestandarddeviationis0.
99.
Figure17.
PieChartaboutimportanceofexerciseTheFig.
17showsthatthereweretotal5(16.
67%)respondentswhoconsiderthatexerciseisextremelyimportantforthem,andtheexercisethatisveryimportantfortherespondentswere11(36.
67%)whiletherespondentswhosaidthatexerciseismoderatelyimportantforthemwere8(26.
67%),theexercisethatisslightlyimportantfortherespondentswere6(20.
00%).
TABLEIV.
SHOWINGTHELEVELOFBASICSTATISTICSIntheTable.
IV,minimum(1)andmaximum(4)presentsthattherewere6responsesintheuppermostanswer(i.
e.
liftweights)and7responsesinthelowermostanswer(i.
e.
Aerobics).
Themedianof2.
00(lowerthanthe2.
43mean)showsthatthereweremorerespondentswhomostlydowalkforexercise.
).
Inthiscase,ameanof2.
43showsthatoverallrespondentscameinsomewherebetweenexercise(walk),andtheexercise(run).
Finally,thestandarddeviationshowsthegrowthoralterationofyourresponses,soherethestandarddeviationis1.
05.
Figure18.
PieChartforlevelofexerciseTheFig.
18showsthatthereweretotal20.
00%respondentsandforthemthelevelofexerciseisjustliftingweights,12{40.
00%)respondentsdowalkforexercise,5(16.
67%)dorunning,and7(23.
3%)performAerobicsexercise.
Sr.
noBasicStatisticsMinimumMaximumMedianMeanStandarddeviation1.
1.
003.
002.
001.
670.
60Sr.
noBasicStatisticsMinimumMaximumMedianMeanStandarddeviation1.
1.
004.
002.
002.
500.
99Sr.
noBasicStatisticsMinimumMaximumMedianMeanStandarddeviation1.
1.
004.
002.
002.
431.
05TABLEV.
SHOWINGTHESIGNIFICANCEOFBGAPPBASICSTATISTICSIntheTable.
Vminimum(1)andmaximum(4)presentsthattherewere5responsesintheuppermostanswer(i.
e.
stronglyagreed)and1responseinthelowermostanswer(i.
e.
Disagree).
Themedianof2.
00(lowerthanthe2.
13mean)showthatthereweremorerespondentswhowereagreed.
Inthiscas7e,ameanof2.
13showsthatoverallrespondentscameinsomewherebetweenagreed,andthesatisfactoryFinally,thestandarddeviationshowsthegrowthoralterationofyourresponses,soherethestandarddeviationis0.
72Figure19.
PieChartforSignificanceofBGappTheFig.
19showsthatthereweretotal20.
00%respondentswhowerestronglyagreedwiththestatement,17(56.
67%)respondentswereagreedwhile7(23.
33%)havesatisfactoryviewsaboutBGappandonly1(3.
33%)respondentdisagree.
TABLEVI.
SHOWINGTHEMAINTAINDIETBASICSTATISTICSIntheTable.
VI,minimum(1)andmaximum(3)presentsthattherewere10responsesintheuppermostanswer(i.
e.
stronglyagreed)and4responsesinthelowermostanswer(i.
e.
Satisfactory).
Themedianof2.
00(higherthanthe1.
80mean)showsthatthereweremorerespondentswhowereagreedthanrespondentswhowerestronglyagreed.
Inthiscase,ameanof1.
80showsthatoverallrespondentscameinsomewherebetweenstronglyagrees,andtheagreed.
Finally,thestandarddeviationshowsthegrowthoralterationofyourresponses,soherethestandarddeviationis0.
65.
Figure20.
PieChartofmaintaindietFig.
20showsthatthereweretotal10(33.
33%)respondentswhowerestronglyagreedwiththestatement,16(53.
33%)respondentssaidthatapplicationishelpfultomaintaintheirdietand4(13.
33%)foundapplicationsatisfactorytomaintaintheirdiet.
TABLEVII.
SHOWINGTHEGUIDANCEABOUTBASICCALORICNEEDSBASICSTATISTICSInTable.
VII,minimum(1)andmaximum(3)presentsthattherewere14responsesintheuppermostanswer(i.
e.
stronglyagreed)and2responsesinthelowermostanswer(i.
e.
Satisfactory).
Themedianof2.
00(higherthanthe1.
60mean)showsthatthereweremorerespondentswhowereagreedthanrespondentswhowerestronglyagreed.
Inthiscase,ameanof1.
60showsthatoverallrespondentscameinsomewherebetweenstronglyagreed,andtheagreed.
Finally,thestandarddeviationshowsthegrowthoralterationofyourresponses,soherethestandarddeviationis0.
61.
.
Figure21.
PieChartofGuidanceforBasicCaloricneedsTheFig.
21showsthatthereweretotal14(46.
67%)respondentswhowerestronglyagreedwiththestatement,14(46.
67%)respondentssaidthatapplicationishelpfultoprovidebasicinformationaboutcaloricneedsand2(6.
67%)respondentsfoundapplicationsatisfactory.
BasicStatisticsMinimumMaximumMedianMeanStandarddeviation1.
1.
004.
002.
002.
130.
72Sr.
noBasicStatisticsMinimumMaximumMedianMeanStandarddeviation1.
1.
003.
002.
001.
800.
65Sr.
noBasicStatisticsMinimumMaximumMedianMeanStandarddeviation1.
1.
003.
002.
001.
600.
61TABLEVIII.
SHOWINGTHEINTEGRATIONOFMODULEBASICSTATISTICSIntheTableVIII,minimum(1)andmaximum(3)presentsthattherewere19responsesintheuppermostanswer(i.
e.
stronglyagreed)and2responsesinthelowermostanswer(i.
e.
Satisfactory)Themedianof1.
00(lessthanthe1.
53mean)showthatthereweremorerespondentswhostronglyagreedwiththestatement.
Inthiscase,ameanof1.
53showsthatoverallrespondentscameinsomewherebetweenstronglyagreed,andtheagreed.
Finally,thestandarddeviationshowsthegrowthoralterationofyourresponses,soherethestandarddeviationis0.
76.
Figure22.
PieChartforIntegrationofmoduleTheFig.
22showsthatthereweretotal19(63.
33%)respondentswhowerestronglyagreedwiththestatement,6(20.
00%)respondentsagreedthatthemoduleswellintegratedand5(16.
67%)respondentsfoundtheintegrationofmodulesinanapplicationissatisfactory.
TABLEIX.
SHOWINGTHEUSER-INTERFACEBASICSTATISTICSIntheTable.
IX,minimum(1)andmaximum(3)presentsthattherewere13responsesintheuppermostanswer(i.
e.
stronglyagreed)and2responsesinthelowermostanswer(i.
e.
Satisfactory).
Themedianof2.
00(higherthanthe1.
63mean)showsthatthereweremorerespondentswhowereagreedthanrespondentswhowerestronglyagreed.
Inthiscase,ameanof1.
63showsthatoverallrespondentscameinsomewherebetweenstronglyagreed,andtheagreed.
Finally,thestandarddeviationshowsthegrowthoralterationofyourresponses,soherethestandarddeviationis0.
60.
Figure23.
PieChartofsystemuserinterfaceFig.
23showsthatthereweretotal13(43.
33%)respondentswhowerestronglyagreedwiththestatement,15(50.
00%)respondentsagreedthatthesystemisuserfriendlyand2(6.
67%)respondentshavesatisfactoryviewsabouttheuserinterfaceofanapplication.
TABLEX.
SHOWINGTHERATEAPPLICATIONBASICSTATISTICSInTable.
X,minimum(1)andmaximum(3)presentsthattherewere13responsesintheuppermostanswer(i.
e.
reliable)and9responsesinthelowermostanswer(i.
e.
Useful).
Themedianof2.
00(higherthanthe1.
87mean)showthatthereweremorerespondentswhosaidthattheapplicationisofhighquality.
Inthiscase,ameanof1.
87showsthatoverallrespondentscameinsomewherebetweenreliable,andthehighquality.
Finally,thestandarddeviationshowsthegrowthoralterationofyourresponses,soherethestandarddeviationis0.
85.
Figure24.
PieChartofrateapplicationTheFig.
24showsthatthereweretotal13(43.
33%)respondentsfoundtheapplicationreliableand8(26.
67%)respondentssaidthatapplicationisofhighqualitywhile8(26.
67%)respondentssaidthattheapplicationisuseful.
Sr.
noBasicStatisticsMinimumMaximumMedianMeanStandarddeviation1.
1.
003.
001.
001.
530.
76Sr.
noBasicStatisticsMinimumMaximumMedianMeanStandarddeviation1.
1.
003.
002.
001.
630.
60Sr.
noBasicStatisticsMinimumMaximumMedianMeanStandarddeviation1.
1.
003.
002.
001.
870.
85TABLEXI.
SHOWINGTHEEXCELDATAANALYSISTableXIcalculationsareobtainedfromtheExceldataanalysisbyusingthemeanvaluesofallthequestions.
B.
QuestionnaireFig.
25showsthequestionnaireofanindividualrespondentinordertoobtainthefeedbackandalsotoanalyzetheresult.
Therespondentchoosesoneoptionfrommultiplechoice.
Figure25.
QuestionnaireofindividualpersonSomeofthemajorfindingsduringanalysisarelistedbelowAquestionwasaskedfromtherespondenttogatherinformationabouttheperformanceofapplicationthatwhetherapplicationhelpsthemtokeeptrackoftheirdiet.
So,33.
3%respondentswerestronglyagreedthattheapplicationishelpfultomaintaintheirdiet,while53.
3%respondentwereagreedwiththestatement,33.
3%respondentsweresatisfiedandtherearenorespondentsthatdisagreewiththestatement.
TheobjectiveoftheSecondquestionwastogetrespondentsviewsabouttheintegrationofmodule.
Theseparatedmodulesarecombinedorcoordinatedintomainapplicationsorespondentslookattheintegrationthatitiswellorganizedornot.
62.
23%respondentswerestronglyagreedwiththestatement,20.
00%respondentwereagreedwiththestatementthatmodulewerewellintegratedwhileatthesametime16.
67%respondentsweresatisfiedwiththestatementmoreovernorespondentwerefoundwhodisagreewiththestatement.
Thirdquestionaimstoknowwhetherrespondentsfindtheapplicationhelpfultocontrolbloodglucoselevelornot.
16.
67%respondentsstronglyagreedthatapplicationishelpfultocontrolbloodglucoselevel.
Thereare56.
67%respondentswhoconsiderthatapplicationishelpfultocontrolbloodglucoselevel,23.
33%respondentsfoundapplicationsatisfactorytocontrolbloodglucoselevel,3.
33%respondentsdisagreewiththestatement.
FromtheabovequestionsweconcludethattheusersfindthattheapplicationisbeneficialtomaintaintheirhealthIII.
CONCLUSIONANDFUTUREWORKThemainpurposeandfocusofdevelopingthehealthcareapplicationistohelppeopletomaintaintheirhealth.
Thishealthcareapplicationincludesthefourmodules,namely(1)Targetheartrate,(2)calorielevel,(3)bloodvolume,and(4)diabetesapp.
Thefirstmoduledescribesthepulserate(inbeatsperminute)thatallowstheusertoexercisesafelywhilegettingthemaximumbenefitsfromyourworkout.
ItincludesTHRzoneswhichrangefromlowtovigorousi.
e(50to85)%ofMaxHR.
Thesecondmoduleisthecalorielevel,allessentialprocessofourbody,usesthismeasurementunitofenergy.
Inordertoencountertheenergyneedsofourbodythespeedatwhichthecalorieisusedalterscontinually.
Throughoutdifferentphasesoflife,itchangesfromindividualtoindividual.
Itisusedtodeterminethecaloricneedsbasedontheage,weight,andheightandactivitylevel.
Thethirdmoduleisthebloodvolume,whichreflectstheamountofthebloodinhumanbody.
Thisappassistsinansweringabouthowmuchbloodisinthehumanbody,morepreciselyinyourownbodydependingontheheightandweight.
Thefourthmoduleisthediabetesapptellsaboutthatwhenthebodydoesnotproperlyuseorstoreglucose.
Itsrecords,theSr.
noExcelDataAnalysisMeanStandardErrorMedianModeStandardDeviationSampleVarianceKurtosisSkew-nessRangeMini-mumMaxi-mumSumCount1.
1.
8960.
1095061.
8151.
60.
3462880.
119916-0.
493010.
90920.
971.
532.
518.
610bloodsugarreadings,andassistsuserstotracktheirdietproperly.
FutureWork:Inthefuture,wewillintegratemoreappstoourmainapplicationtomakeitamoresophisticatedauto-helptoolandtoprovideawiderangeoffacilitiestotheenduser.
Theseappswillinclude:(1)MeasuringbloodpressureandMeasuringWeightofthebody,(2)Providereminderstousersabouttheirmedicationswhichhelpthemtotakemedicineontime.
Therefore,throughthesereminders,theusercantakecareoftheirhealth,and(3)Graphsoftheoutputobtainedwillhelptheusertokeeptrackofthechangesindiabetes-relatedreadingsandtomanagetheirdietandhealthinamoreeffectiveway.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTInthenameofAllah,theMostGraciousandtheMostMerciful,Alhamdulillah,allpraisestoAllahforthestrengthsandHisblessingincompletingthisresearchpaper.
WewouldliketoexpressourdeepestgratitudetoourSupervisor,Dr.
MuhammadZubairAsghar,forhisexcellentguidance,caring,patience,andprovidinguswithanexcellentatmospherefordoingourresearchwork.
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