Holywallop

NOTESIntroduction1.
FranklinB.
Williams,Jr.
'sIndexofDedicationsandCommendatoryVersesinEnglishBooksBefore1641ismeanttobeusedalongsidetheEnglishShortTitleCatalogueasakeytosearchtherecipientsofnearlyeverybookprintedinEnglandbefore1641.
UsingWilliam'sworkalongsidetheShortTitleCatalogue(STC)andthedatabaseEarlyEnglishBooksOnline(EEBO),Englishbookdedicationsaretraceable,makingthehistoryofbookdedicationsatopicthatcaneasilyberesearched.
Williams,Jr.
IndexofDedicationsandCommendatoryVersesinEnglishBooksbefore1641(London:TheBibliographicalSociety,1962).
2.
Foratheoreticalapproach,seeKevinDunn,PretextsofAuthority:TheRhetoricofAuthorshipintheRenaissancePreface(Stanford:StanfordUniversityPress,1994).
NievesBarandaLeturiohaswrittenanimportantarticleondedicationsgiventoearlymodernSpanishwomen.
Shesuggeststhatdedicationsareusefulsourcesbecausetheyprovideevidenceforwomen'sreadinghabits,socialrelationships,andpatronage.
Herworkisvaluable,inthatnoguideexistsfordedicationsinSpanishbooks,soshehasexaminedandquantifiedSpanishdedicationsforthefirsttime.
BarandaLeturio,"Women'sReadingHabits:BookDedicationstoFemalePatronsinEarlyModernSpain,"inWomen'sLiteracyinEarlyModernSpainandtheNewWorld,ed.
AnneJ.
CruzandRosilieHernández(Surrey:Ashgate,2011),19–39.
3.
JohnBuchtel,"BookDedicationsinEarlyModernEngland:FrancisBacon,GeorgeChapman,andtheLiteraryPatronageofHenry,PrinceofWales"(PhDdiss.
,UniversityofVirgina,2004);"'TotheMostHighandExcellentPrince':DedicatingBookstoHenry,PrinceofWales,"inPrinceHenryRevived:ImageandExemplarityinEarlyModernEngland,ed.
TimothyV.
Wilks(London:Holberton,2008),104–133;"BookDedicationsandtheDeathofaPatron:TheMemorialEngravinginChapman'sHomer,"BookHistory7(2004),1–29.
150Notes4.
TaraWood,"'Tothemostgodlye,virtuos,andmyghtyePrincessElizabeth':IdentityandgenderinthededicationstoElizabethI"(PhDdiss.
,ArizonaStateUniversity,2008).
5.
S.
J.
WilliamWizeman,TheTheologyandSpiritualityofMaryTudor'sChurch(Aldershot:Ashgate,2006).
6.
HelenSmith,"GrosslyMaterialThings":WomenandBookProductioninEarlyModernEngland(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2012).
7.
SeeJ.
W.
Martin,"TheMarianRegime'sFailuretoUnderstandtheImportanceofPrinting,"HuntingtonLibraryQuarterly44(Autumn1981),231–247;JenniferLoach,"TheMarianEstablishmentandthePrintingPress,"TheEnglishHistoricalReview101(January1986),135–148;D.
M.
Loades,"ThePressundertheEarlyTudors:AStudyinCensorshipandSedition,"TransactionsoftheCambridgeBibliographicSociety4(1964),29–50.
SeeJohnN.
King,"TheAccountofaMarianBookseller,1553–4,"BritishLibraryJournal13(Spring1987),33–57;"TheBookTradeunderEdwardVIandMaryI,"inTheCambridgeHistoryoftheBookinBritain:VolumeIII,1400–1557,ed.
LotteHellingaandJ.
B.
Trapp(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2008),164–178;TudorBooksandReaders:MaterialityandtheConstructionofMeaning(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2010).
8.
SeeEamonDuffy,FiresofFaith:CatholicEnglandunderMaryTudor(NewHaven,CT:YaleUniversityPress,2009).
9.
EamonDuffyandDavidLoades,eds.
,TheChurchofMaryTudor(Aldershot:Ashgate,2006).
10.
DavidLoades,"ThePersonalReligionofMary,"inTheChurchofMaryTudor,ed.
EamonDuffyandDavidLoades(Aldershot:Ashgate,2006),19–20.
11.
MariaDowling,ed.
,"WilliamLatymer'sChronickilleofAnneBulleyne,"CamdenMiscellany,vol.
30(London,1990),Introduction,35.
12.
MichaelK.
JonesandMalcolmG.
Underwood,TheKing'sMother:LadyMargaretBeaufort,CountessofRichmondandDerby(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1992),49.
13.
JohnFisher,TheEnglishWorksofJohnFisher,BishopofRochester,ed.
JohnE.
B.
Mayor(London:EarlyEnglishTextSociety,1876),291.
Inhermonth'smindsermon,Fishernotesthat"Fyrstshewasofsingulerwysedomeferrepassyngethecomynrateofwomen.
"14.
JonesandUnderwood,TheKing'sMother,61.
15.
Formoredetailsofwhatfollows,seeDavidStarkey,SixWives:TheQueensofHenryVIII(NewYork:HarperCollinsPublishers,2003)andJohnGuy,TudorEngland(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1990).
Notes1511LadyMargaretBeaufortandtheWivesofHenryVIII1.
"AtthecentreofthesenetworksstandsthefigureofLadyMargaretBeaufortwho,itwouldseem,throughherowndevel-opedliteraryanddevotionalpreoccupationsbecameameansofstimulatingnewpublishinginitiatives,andhencenewmarketsforearlyprintedbooks.
"A.
S.
G.
EdwardsandCarolM.
Meale,"TheMarketingofPrintedBooksinLateMedievalEngland,"TheLibrary,VI(1993),115.
2.
SeeM.
J.
C.
Lowry,"Caxton,StWinifred,andtheLadyMargaretBeaufort,"TheLibrary,6thSeries5(1983),101–117;WilliamE.
A.
Axon,"TheLadyMargaretBeaufortasaLoverofLiterature,"TheLibrary,2ndSeries9(1907),34–41;A.
S.
Bailey,"ARoyalPatronessofLearning:MargaretBeaufort,MotherofHenryVII,ofEngland,"AmericanCatholicQuarterlyReview19(1917),612–645;SusanPowell,"LadyMargaretBeaufortandHerBooks,"TheLibrary6(1998),197–240.
CatherineNall,"MargaretBeaufort'sBooks:ANewDiscovery,"JournaloftheEarlyBookSociety16(2013),213–220.
3.
MaryC.
Erler,Women,Reading,andPietyinLateMedievalEngland(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2002),133.
4.
JohnGerson,ImitatioChristi,trans.
WilliamAtkinson(London:RichardPynson,1504).
STC23995.
5.
BlanchardynandEglantine(Westminster:WilliamCaxton,1490).
STC3124;HerefordBreviary(Rouen:InghelbertHague,1505).
STC15793;JohnFisher,TreatiseConcernyngetheFruytfullSayngesofDauydtheKynge(London:WynkyndeWorde,1508).
STC10902.
6.
Fisher,EnglishWorks,292.
Inhis"Mornyngeremembraunce"ser-monforLadyMargaret,Fishernotesthat"rightstudyousshewasinbokeswhicheshehaddeingretenombrebotheinEnglysshe&inFrensshe,&forherexercyse&fortheprouffyteofothershedydetranslatedyversmatersofdeuocyonoutofFrenssheintoEnglysshe.
"7.
Fisher,EnglishWorks,301.
8.
SusanPowell,"LadyMargaretBeaufortandHerBooks,"TheLibrary6(1998),198–199.
TheimportanceofPowell'sarticleisthatitmakesgreatuseofLadyMargaret'shouseholdaccountstorecon-figureherreadinghabitsandrelationshipswithbooks.
PowellisalsointheprocessofeditingallofLadyMargaret'shouseholdaccountsatStJohn's,Cambridgeinordertopublishthem.
9.
SusanPowell,"LadyMargaretBeaufort:'OfSingulerWysedomeFerrePassyngetheComynRateofWomen,'"inTheBrownBook:ACommemorativeEditionforthe500thAnniversaryoftheDeathofLadyMargaretBeaufort(Oxford:LadyMargaretHall,2009),7and10.
152NotesRebeccaKrugsuggeststhatLadyMargaretreadbecausereadingandwritingwaspartofherfamilialandsocialrelationships.
Krug,ReadingFamilies:Women'sLiteratePracticeinLateMedievalEngland(Ithaca:CornellUniversityPress,2002),122.
KrugarguesthatLadyMargaret's"literatepractice"wasinfluencedbyhersocial,cultural,andintellectualsurroundings.
10.
Powell,"LadyMargaretBeaufortandHerBooks,"201.
11.
SeeYu-ChiaoWang,"Caxton'sRomancesandTheirEarlyTudorReaders,"HuntingtonLibraryQuarterly,67,No.
2(2004),173–188.
WangarguesthatCaxtonmarketedhisromanceswith"celebrityendorsement,"butmeantthemtohavewiderreadership,173.
12.
Fisher,EnglishWorks,295.
13.
Powell,"LadyMargaretBeaufortandHerBooks,"217.
14.
Gerson,ImitatioChristi.
SeeBrendaM.
Hosington,"LadyMargaretBeaufort'sTranslationsasMirrorsofPracticalPiety,"inEnglishWomen,Religion,andTextualProduction,1500–1625,ed.
Micheline,White(Surrey:Ashgate,2011),185–203.
15.
Powell,"LadyMargaretBeaufortandHerBooks,"223–224.
16.
JosephAmes,TypographicalAntiquitiesortheHistoryofPrintinginEngland,Scotland,andIreland,Ed.
ThomasFrognallDibdin(1810–1819).
Firstpublished1749.
Inthreevolumes(Hildeshiem:GeorgOlmsVerlagbuchhandlung,1969),reprintsallofCaxton's,WynkynDeWorde's,RichardPynson'stitles,alongwithtitlesofother,lessprolificprinters.
17.
Powell,"LadyMargaretBeaufortandHerBooks,"208.
Powellmakesasimilarpoint.
18.
Caxton'sBlanchardynandEglantine,c.
1489,FromLordSpencer'sUniqueImperfectCopy,CompletedbytheOriginalFrenchandtheSecondEnglishVersionof1595,ed.
LeonKellner(London:OxfordUniversityPress,1890),cxxiii.
KellneridentifiesCaxton'sFrenchmanuscriptashav-ingonlyoneextantedition.
19.
Kellner,Caxton's,cxvi.
ThethreeEnglishprintversionsthatheidentifiescorrelatewiththethreeEnglishversionsonEEBO.
However,EEBOidentifiestheearliestversionasfrom1490,whileKellneridentifiesitascirca1489.
20.
ReprintedinKellner,Caxton's,1–2,andW.
J.
B.
Crotch,TheProloguesandEpiloguesofWilliamCaxton(London:EarlyEnglishTextSociety,1928),104–105.
ThededicationisnotincludedonEEBO.
21.
EdwardsandMeale,"Marketing,"97.
TheynotethatCaxton'sdedicationsandprologueswerevague,makingitdifficulttodeter-minetheactualrelationshipbetweenpatronandclient.
Moreover,Caxtonhardlyevermentionsactualmoneyexchanginghandsasconcreteevidenceofpatronage.
22.
Powell,"LadyMargaretBeaufortandHerBooks,"207.
Notes15323.
WalterHowardFrere,ed.
,TheHerefordBreviaryEditedfromtheRouenEditionof1505withCollationofManuscripts,Vol.
1(London:HenryBradshawSociety1904),ix.
STC15793.
24.
Frere,HerefordBreviary,ix.
25.
Powell,"LadyMargaretBeaufortandHerBooks,"226.
26.
IwouldliketothankDr.
ConstanceBouchardforherassistancewiththeLatintranslationsassociatedwithLadyMargaret.
Forthesefourlines,weagreethat"polo"isamisprintandreallyshouldhavebeen"volo.
"27.
BritishLibrary,Royal2AXVIII.
TheBeaufortBookofHours,includesSarum,whichiswhyLadyMargaretprobablywanteditprintedforbenefitofEnglishreaders.
Powellnotesthatinherwill,LadyMargaretbequeathedtoBourneAbbeyinLincolnshireaSarummassbook.
PerhapsthiswasoneoftheSarummassbooksthatshepreviouscommissioned.
Powell,"LadyMargaretBeaufortandHerBooks,"201.
28.
SarumBreviary(London:RichardPynson,1507).
STC15806a.
29.
C.
H.
Cooper,MemoirofMargaret,CountessofRichmondandDerby(Cambridge:DeightonBellandCo.
,1874),122,n.
3.
30.
JonesandUnderwood,TheKing'sMother,291–292.
31.
Powell,"LadyMargaretBeaufortandHerBooks,"238–239.
"InthecaseoftheLadyMargaret,theterm'patroness'mayrequiresomesemanticadjustment,sinceitisusuallyassumedthatthepatron'sinvolvementwillconsistofmoneyandencouragementbutwilloth-erwisebesomewhatremovedfromtheactivitiesofthepatronised.
LadyMargaretBeaufortwasanactivepatronoflearning.
Shewasinclosepersonalcontactwiththeprinters,whowerekeentopub-lishintheareasofherspecialinterests;shesupportedthebooktradeanddisseminatedlearningthroughpurchasingbooks.
.
.
bothwithinthecloisterandinthewiderworld.
"32.
JohnFisher,TreatiseConcernyngetheFruytfullSayngesofDauydtheKynge(London:WynkyndeWorde,1508),aa.
i.
r.
Ames,TypographicalAntiquities,427–428,reprintsprologue.
33.
Fisher,Treatise,aa.
i.
v.
34.
The1509editiondoesnotcontainpagelettersornumbers.
Thecolophonislocatedonthelastpageofprintedtext.
35.
BrantSebastian,TheShyppeofFooles(London:WynkyndeWorde,1509).
STC3547andJohnFisher,ThisSermonfolowyngewascompy-led[and]saydinthecathedralchyrcheofsayntPoulewithinyecyteofLondonbytherightreuerendefasderingodJohnbysshopofRochester,thebodybeyingepresentofthemostfamousepryncekyngeHenrythe.
vij(London:WynkyndeWorde,1509).
STC10900.
BothofFisher'sworksdedicatedtoLadyMargarethavebeenreprintedintheirentiretyinFisher,EnglishWorks.
154Notes36.
Thep[ar]lyamentofdeuylles(London:WynkyndeWorde,1509).
STC19305;Nychodemusgospel(London:WynkyndeWorde,1509).
STC18566;StephenHawes,TheConuersyonofSwearers(London:WynkyndeWorde,1509).
STC12943;LongeParuula(London:WynkyndeWorde,1509).
STC23164.
37.
Powell,"LadyMargaretBeaufortandHerBooks,"229.
PowellnotesthatLadyMargaret'shouseholdaccountsrecordthatshesentatranscriptofFisher'sfuneralsermonforhersontoWynkyndeWordetobeprinted12daysafterHenry'sfuneral.
38.
Powell,"LadyMargaretBeaufortandHerBooks,"227andfn.
191.
39.
Powell,"LadyMargaretBeaufortandHerBooks,"227–228.
40.
HerebegynethyelyfofSayntUrsulaafteryecronyclesofenglonde(London:WynkyndeWorde,1509),Biv.
r.
STC24541.
3.
Also,Ames,TypographicalAntiquities,346.
Mytranslation:LifeofSaintUrsulaandherfamilyandfriendstranslatedfromLatinintoEnglish,bybrotherEdmundHatfeldamonkofRochesterorderedbythemostillustriousladyMargaretmotherofthemostexcellentprinceHenryVII.
NewlyimprintedhappilybymeWynkyndeWordofLondonabidinginthestreetcommonlycalledFletestreetatthesignofthesunandmoon.
41.
OJhesuendlessswetnesoflouyingsoules(Westminster:WilliamCaxton,1491).
STC20195.
42.
Thisbookdoesnotcontainpagelettersornumbers,butthecolo-phoncanbefoundonthelastpageofprintedtext.
43.
LadyMargaretandElizabethofYorkeachownednumerousBooksofHours.
SeeKathleenL.
Scott,LaterGothicManuscripts1390–1490,2vols.
(London:HarveyMiller,1996).
SeealsoJanetBackhouse,"IlluminatedManuscripts.
"44.
JonesandUnderwoood,TheKing'sMother,69.
45.
WalterHilton,ScalaPerfectionis(Westminster:WynkyndeWorde,1494).
STC14042.
46.
GeorgeR.
Keiser,"TheMysticsandtheEarlyPrinters:TheEconomicsofDevotionalism,"inTheMedievalMysticalTraditioninEngland,ExeterSymposiumIV,PapersReadatDartingtonHall,July1987,ed.
MarionGlasscoe(Cambridge:D.
S.
Brewer,1987),9–26.
47.
Erler,Women,121–122.
48.
JonesandUnderwood,TheKing'sMother,173–174.
49.
ReprintedinE.
M.
G.
Routh,AMemoirofLadyMargaretBeaufort,CountessofRichmond&Derby,MotherofHenryVII(London:OxfordUniversityPress,1924),109.
Shenotesthatthesestanzaswereprintedattheendofthefirsteditionandthatthe1533editionhadanepiloguewhichrecommendsthisbookforthehealthofthesoul.
ThecolophonleafisreprintedinP.
J.
Croft,LadyMargaret,Notes155ElizabethofYork,andWynkyndeWorde(London:BernardQuaritchLtd.
,1958).
50.
Keiser,"Mystics,"11–12.
51.
YaleUniversityBeineckeRareBookandManuscriptLibrary,BV4831.
H51494+.
Theinscriptionislocatedona4v.
AphotocopyofthisinscriptionisreprintedinP.
J.
Croft,LadyMargaret.
ThisisaslimexplanationofafewbookslinkedwithLadyMargaret.
Itincludessomephotocopiesofcolophonsandinscriptionsbyheraswell.
52.
Croft,LadyMargaret,4.
SeealsoMichaelG.
Sargent,"WalterHilton's'ScaleofPerfection':TheLondonManuscriptGroupReconsidered,"MediumAevum52(1983),189–216,207–208.
53.
OtherinscriptionsbyElizabethofYorkhavebeenidentified.
SeeEamonDuffy,MarkingtheHours:EnglishPeopleandTheirPrayers1240–1570(NewHaven:YaleUniversityPress,2011),51–52and144.
54.
JonesandUnderwood,TheKing'sMother,181.
55.
JonesandUnderwood,TheKing'sMother,187.
56.
ArleneNaylorOkerlund,ElizabethofYork(NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,2009);AmyLicence,ElizabethofYork:TheForgottenTudorQueen(Gloucestershire:Amberly,2013);AlisonWeir,ElizabethofYork:ATudorQueenandHerWorld(NewYork:BallantineBooks,2013).
57.
Foracoupleofopinions,seeG.
W.
Bernard,TheKing'sReformation:HenryVIIIandtheRemakingoftheEnglishChurch(NewHaven:YaleUniversityPress,2005);G.
W.
Bernard,"AnneBoleyn'sReligion,"TheHistoricalJournal36(1993),1–20.
58.
MariaDowling,HumanismintheAgeofHenryVIII(Kent:CroomHelmLtd.
,1986),219,223–235.
DowlingrefutesearlierclaimsthatKatherineParrmadeascholarlynurserywhichstimulatedthelearningandeducationsofherthreestepchildren.
DowlingdirectlychallengesJamesMcConica,EnglishHumanistsandReformationPoliticsunderHenryVIIIandEdwardVI(Oxford:ClarendonPress,1965).
McConicaarguesthatthecircleofKatherineParrrevivedthetraditionsofMargaretBeaufortandKatherineofAragoninErasmianhumanism,butdidsobetterandmoreinfluentiallythantheearlierwomen,p.
201.
McConicausesthededicationtoKatherineParrinErasmus'sParaphrasestoshowherdomesticsuc-cess,pp.
231–232.
Overall,McConicacreditsmuchmoreofaroleinhumanismandlearningthandoesDowling.
59.
Dowling,Humanism,237–238.
60.
WilliamMarshall,TheFormeandManerofSubue[n]tionorHelpingforPorePeopleDeuysedandPractysedi[n]theCytieofHypresinFlaunders,WhicheFormeIsAuctorisedbytheEmperour,[and]Approuedbythe156NotesFacultieofDiuinitieinParis(London:ThomasGodfray,1535).
STC26119.
61.
E.
W.
Ives,TheLifeandDeathofAnneBoleyn:"TheMostHappy"(Oxford:Blackwell,2004),284.
62.
Bible.
Trans.
byMilesCoverdale(Cologne:E.
CervicornusandJ.
Soter,1535),ii.
r.
STC2063.
63.
JuanLuisVives,TheInstructionofChristenWoman(London:ThmasBerthelet,1529).
STC24857.
64.
JuanLuisVives,TheInstructionofaChristenWoman,ed.
VirginiaWalcottBeauchamp,ElizabethH.
Hageman,andMargaretMikesell(Urbana:UniversityofIllinoisPress,2002),vi.
65.
Vives'sdedicationappearsonBir—Biiiivofthe1529edition.
Forthisdedication,Iuseboththe1529EnglisheditionandtheprintededitioninBeauchamp.
LikeBeauchamp,Ihaveleftthespellingasoriginalaspossible.
66.
JuanLuisVives,IntroductioadSapientiam,SatellitiumsiveSymbola,EpistolaeduaedeRationeStudiiPuerilis(Louvain:PeterMartens1524).
67.
Starkey,SixWives,177andAnnaWhitelock,MaryTudor:Princess,Bastard,Queen(NewYork:RandomHouse,2009),23.
68.
Erasmus.
InstitutionofChristianMarriage,Trans.
MichaelHeath,inJoshO'MalleyandLouisPerraud,eds.
,CollectedWorksofErasmus:SpiritualiaandPastoralia(Toronto:UniversityofTorontoPress,1999),203–438.
EuchariusRoselin,TheByrthofMankynde,NewlyTranslatedOutofLatenintoEnglysshe(London:ThomasRaynald,1540).
STC21153.
69.
Buchtel,"TotheMostHighandExcellentPrince,"107.
70.
Dowling,Humanism,39.
DowlingnotesthatVillaSanctamayhavewrittenmore,butonlytwosurvive.
71.
AlphonsusdeVillaSancta,ProblemaindulgentiarumquoLutherierratadissoluuntur,ettheologoru[m]deeisdeopiniohactenusapuderu-ditosuulgataastruitur(London:RichardPynson,1523).
STC24729andDeliberoarbitrioaduersusMelanchtonemauthorefratreAlphonsoaVillasancteminoritaregularisobseruationi(London:RichardPynson,1523).
STC24728,respectively.
SeeJamesCarley,TheLibrariesofKingHenryVIII(London:TheBritishLibrary,2000),xxix–xxx.
72.
FranzLambert,Thesummeofchristianitiegatherydoutalmosteofalplacisofscripture,bythatnobleandfamouseclerkeFrancisLambertofAuynyon.
Andtranslatyd,andputintoprynteinEnglyshe,byTristramReuel(London:RobertRedman,1536).
STC15179.
73.
Lambert,Thesummeofchristianitie,iv.
v.
74.
Inhis2004biographyofAnneBoleyn,EricIvesarguesthatAnneBoleyndeniedthededicationbecauseofitsdenialoftheMass.
Ives,AnneBoleyn,409.
YetinMariaDowling'sarticle"AnneBoleynasPatron,"inHenryVIII:AEuropeanCourtinEngland,Ed.
DavidNotes157Starkey(London:CollinsandBrown,1991),111,DowlingarguesthatAnnedeniedthededicationbecausehersituationwasprecari-ousatthebeginningof1536.
75.
LettersandPapers,ForeignandDomestic,oftheReignofHenryVIII,eds.
J.
S.
Brewer,J.
Gairdner,andR.
H.
Brodie(London),Vol.
10,371.
76.
SeymourBakerHouse,"ThomasBecon,"OxfordDictionaryofNationalBiography.
HereafterabbreviatedODNB.
77.
ThomasBecon,ThePomaunderofPrayer(London:JohnDay,1561),A.
iir.
STC1746.
Onlythe1561and1563editionsareavailableonEEBO.
78.
BritishLibrary,C.
66d.
6.
79.
AnthonyCope,Agodlymeditacionvpon.
xx.
selectandchosenPsalmesoftheprophetDauidaswelnecessarytoalthemthataredesiroustohaueyedarkewordesoftheprophetdeclaredandmadeplayn:asalsofruitfulltosucheasdelyteinthecontemplatio[n]ofthespiritualmeanyngofthem(London:ForJohnDaye,1547).
STC5717.
80.
Erasmus,ThefirsttomeorvolumeoftheparaphraseofErasmusvponthenewetestament(London:EdwardWhitechurch,1548).
STC2854.
81.
JamesMcConicasawUdall'sdedicationtoKatherineParrasthebestcommentonherdomesticsuccessasapatronessofhumanism.
McConica,EnglishHumanists,231.
82.
JamesCarley,TheBooksofKingHenryVIIIandHisWives(London:TheBritishLibrary,2004),140.
Carleynotesthatshewastoosicktofinishthetranslation.
83.
BodleianLibrary,MSCherry36.
84.
JohnTaylor,Theneedlesexcellencyanewbookewherinarediuersadmi-rableworkswroughtwiththeneedle.
Newlyinuentedandcutincopperforthepleasureandprofitoftheindustrious(London:PrintedforJamesBolerandsoldatthesignoftheMarigoldinPaul'sChurchyard,1634).
STC23776.
85.
JohnConstable'sEpigrammataof1520issimilar,inthatitcontainsaversethatmentionsKatherineofAragon,c.
i.
JohnConstable,IoannisConstabliiLondinensisetartiumprofessorisepigrammata(London:RichardPynson,1520).
STC5639.
86.
Carley,Books,109.
87.
Carley,Books,124and129.
88.
JamesCarleynotesthatwhenjuxtaposingHenry'sbookswiththoseofhiswives,onecansee"howcloselyhisintellectuallifecon-vergedwithhismaritaladventures.
.
.
especiallyinthecaseofhisfirsttwomarriages,thebattleofthewivesisreflectedinthebattleofthebooks.
"Carley,Books,18.
89.
PamelaNeville-Sington,"RichardPynson,"ODNB.
90.
GilbertNicolai,TractatusdetribusordinibusbeatissimevirginisdeigenitricisMarie(London:RichardPynson,1515).
LaBiblioteca158NotesColumbinawasendowedbyFernandoColon,sonofChristopherColumbus,andcontainsmanyofColumbus'sownwrittenmanu-scripts.
SeeDennisE.
Rhodes,"DonFernandoColonandHisLondonBookPurchaes,June1522,"inThePapersoftheBibliographicalSocietyofAmerica52(1958),240.
91.
Carley,Books,121.
92.
Plutarch,QuyeteofMynde,Trans.
ThomasWyatt(London:RichardPynson,1528),a.
iir.
STC20058.
5.
93.
PatriciaThompson,"SirThomasWyatt:ClassicalPhilosophyandEnglishHumanism,"HuntingtonLibraryQuarterly,25,No.
2(February1962),79–96,85.
94.
PamelaNeville-Sington,"RichardPynson,"ODNB.
95.
K.
F.
Pantzer,"ThomasBerthelet,"ODNB.
UponHenry'sdeath,BertheletdidnotrenewhislicensetoprintforKingEdward,whichwasthengiventoprotestantRichardGrafton.
96.
GregWalker,WritingunderTyranny:EnglishLiteratureandtheHenricianReformation(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2005),124.
97.
Walker,Tyranny,125.
98.
Walker,Tyranny,125and135.
99.
WilliamSt.
ClairandIrmgardMaassen,eds.
,ConductLiteratureforWomen,1500–1640,Vol.
2(London:PickeringandChatto,2000),201.
100.
HuntingtonLibrary,RareBooks,callnumber88302.
101.
FosterWatson,ed.
,VivesandtheRenascenceEducationofWomen(NewYork:Longmans,Green&Co.
,1912),211–212.
102.
SirThomasElyot,DefenceofGoodWomen,Ed.
EdwinJohnstonHowardSirThomasElyot'stheDefenceofGoodWomen(Oxford,OH:AnchorPress,1940),3.
103.
StanfordLehmberg,SirThomasElyot:TudorHumanist(NewYork:GreenwoodPress,1960).
104.
Watson,Renascence,212.
105.
Lehmberg.
SirThomasElyot,176–177.
106.
GregWalker,PersuasiveFictions:Faction,FaithandPoliticalCultureintheReignofHenryVIII(Aldershot:ScolarPress,1996),181.
107.
ConstanceJordan,"FeminismandtheHumanists:TheCaseforSirThomasElyot'sDefenseofGoodWomen,"inRewritingtheRenaissance:TheDiscoursesofSexualDifferenceinEarlyModernEurope,Ed.
MargaretFerguson,MaureenQuilligan,andNancyVickers(Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress,1986),242–258.
108.
Walker'sFictionsalsoengageswithdatingDefenceandwithJordan'sfindings.
Forhim,ZenobiaalsoseemstoreflectbadlyuponthecharacteristicsofAnneBoleyn.
But,hesuggeststhatsomeofitsveiledcriticismreflectseventsof1539,soadateof1540mustbecorrect.
Hebasesthisontwoclaims.
First,thatitdidcondemnAnneBoleyn,itprobablyonlydidsoafterhertrialNotes159andexecution,whensomanycharacterflawswererevealed.
Second,thereisapassageinwhichZenobiaidentifiesPalmyra'senemies,whichWalkeridentifiesastheHolyRomanEmpire,Scotland,andFrance.
Theseconclusionsseemtobefarreach-ing,asAnne'scharacterhadbeenattackedforyearsleadinguptoherandHenry'smarriage.
Asforthepassagewhichmayref-erenceEngland'senemies,thisallusionwouldapplytoEngland'spoliticalsituation,butit,too,isfarreachingcomparedwiththeallusionstoKatherineofAragon'scharacter.
SeeWalker,Fictions,184–192.
109.
Jordan,"Feminism,"257.
110.
PrivyPurseExpensesofthePrincessMary,DaughterofKingHenryVIII,afterwardsQueenMary,ed.
FredericMadden(London:W.
Pickering:1831),82.
111.
Watson,Renascence,211.
112.
J.
ChristopherWarner,HenryVIII'sDivorce:LiteratureandthePoliticsofthePrintingPress(Woodbridge:BoydellPress,1998),3.
Inchapter3,WarnermentionsthatElyot'sworkswereknownforholdingrulerstohighmoralstandardsandconveyingElyot'sthinlyveiledcriticismofHenryVIII'sactions,butsinceheabidedbydis-cursiverules,itmeantthathiswarningwasmeantforthekingtogetgoodcounsel.
113.
Elyot,Defence(1540),A.
iiiv.
STC7657.
5.
114.
AlexandraGillespie,"RobertRedman,"ODNB.
115.
E.
GordonDuff,ACenturyoftheEnglishBookTrade(London:TheBibliographicalSociety,1905),44.
116.
EdwardsandMeale,"Marketing,"112–113.
117.
EdwardsandMeale,"Marketing,"112–113.
118.
SeeEdwardsandMeale,"Marketing,"112–113.
119.
ArthurW.
Reed,"TheRegulationoftheBookTradeBeforetheProclamationof1538,"TransactionsoftheBibliographicalSociety,XV(1920),158–159.
120.
Reed,"Regulation,"162–163.
121.
CyndiaSusanClegg,PressCensorshipinElizabethanEngland(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1997),26–27.
122.
PaulL.
HughesandJamesF.
Larkin,TudorRoyalProclamations,Vol.
11(NewHaven:YakeUniversityPress,1969),4,5,41.
123.
BritishLibrary,CottonMSTitusCVII,fol.
120.
QuotationtakenfromDavidLoades,MaryTudor:ALife(Oxford:BasilBlackwell,1989),revised1992,243.
124.
SeeValerieSchutte,"'TotheIllustriousQueen':KatherineofAragonandEarlyModernBookDedications,"inWomenduringtheEnglishReformations:RenegotiatingGenderandReligiousIdentity,ed.
JulieA.
ChappellandKaleyA.
Kramer(NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,2014),14–28.
160Notes2DedicationstoaPrincess1.
JuanLuisVives,Introductioadsapientiam;SatellitiumsiveSymbola;EpistolaeduaedeRationeStudiiPuerilis(Louvain:PeterMartens,1524).
2.
ThomasLinacre,RudimentagrammaticesThomaeLinacridiligentercastigatedenuo(London:RichardPynson,1525).
STC15636.
3.
D.
F.
S.
Thomson,"Linacre'sLatinGrammars"inEssaysontheLifeandWorkofThomasLinacre,c.
1460–1524,Ed.
FrancisMaddison,MargaretPelling,andCharlesWebster(Oxford:ClarendonPress,1977),26.
4.
GarrettMattingly,CatherineofAragon(NewYork:Book-of-the-Month-Club,1941),182–183.
5.
JohnNobleJohnson,TheLifeofThomasLinacre(London:EdwardLumley,1835),232.
6.
ThededicationisonA1v.
7.
Thomson,"Linacre'sLatinGrammars,"26.
ForalistofFrenchver-sions,seeGeorgeBuchanan:GlasgowQuartercentenaryStudies1906(Glasgow:JamesMacLehoseandSons,1907),399–400.
8.
Thomson,"Linacre'sLatinGrammars,"27.
9.
LettersandPapers,III,1505.
10.
JuanLuisVives,OperaOmnia,Vol.
VII,1788,Reprinted(London:GreggPress,1964),207–208.
LetterandPapers,IV,829.
11.
BritishLibrary,Ms.
CottonVesp.
Fxiii.
Fol.
72HenryEllis,OriginalLetters,IllustrativeofEnglishHistory.
Vol.
II.
FirstSeries(London:Harding,Triphook,andLepard.
1825),19–20.
ReprintedinMattingly,CatherineofAragon,230–231.
12.
LettersandPapers,IV,3748.
13.
LettersandPapers,VI,1199.
14.
Dowling,Humanism,48.
15.
LettersandPapers,XVI,578.
VerylittleisknownaboutFetherston.
IcanfindnoevidenceofanytextbookthathemayhavepennedorevenusedforMary'stutoring.
16.
GilesDuwes,Anintroductoryfortolernetorede,topronounce,andtospeakeFrenchetrewly,compiledfortherighthigh,excellent,andmostvertuouslady,theladyMaryofEnglande,doughtertoourmostgracioussoueraynlordekyngHenrytheeight(London:ThomasGodfray,1533).
STC7377.
17.
DavidR.
Carlson,"RoyalTutorsintheReignofHenryVII,"TheSixteenthCenturyJournal,22(1991),276–278;JohnWeever,AncientFuneralMonuments(London:ThomasHarper,1631);DavidLoades,MaryTudor,43.
18.
LettersandPapers,I,82.
GilesDuwesislistedinawarranttobegivenmaterialsforacoattoparticipateinthecoronation.
Notes16119.
LettersandPapers,VI,1199.
20.
Duwes,Anintroductory,Aivr.
21.
Duwes,Anintroductory,Sivr.
22.
JudithRichards,MaryTudor(LondonandNewYork:Routledge,2008),47.
23.
JeriMcIntosharguesthatDuwes'sbookwasprintedin1534withpoliticalintenttorepresentMaryasdefactoPrince(ss)ofWales.
Yet,McIntoshalsoinfersthatDuweswrotethetextinthe1530s,whenitseemsmuchmorelikelythatDuweswrotethetextin1525inWales.
JeriMcIntosh,"PrincessMaryasthedefactoPrince(ss)ofWales,1525"Trace:TennesseeResearchandCreativeExchange,UniversityofTennesseeKnoxville(2010).
GregWalkermakesasimilarpointasMcIntosh,arguingthatoldtextscouldbereproducedinthe1530sand1540stoseemaccommodatingeventhoughtheywerecriticalofthenewpoliticalandreligiouschanges.
Introductoriewaswrittenbetween1524and1527,wasnotprinteduntil1533,andthenwasreprintedin1539,1540,and1545.
GregWalker,"Dialogue,ResistanceandAccommodation:ConservativeLiteraryResponsestotheHenricianReformation,"inTheEducationofaChristianSociety:HumanismandtheReformationinBritainandtheNetherlands,Ed.
N.
ScottAmos,AndrewPettegree,andHenkvanNierop(Aldershot:Ashgate,1999),105.
24.
BodleianLibrary,DD68Art.
25.
WilliamForrest,TheHistoryofGrisildtheSecond:ANarrative,inVerse,oftheDivorceofQueenKatharineofAragon,Ed.
W.
D.
MacRay(London:ChiswickPress,1875),xx.
26.
IwouldliketothankDr.
FrancescaGalligan,rarebookslibrar-ianattheBodleian,forexaminingthisbookandcomparingthehandwriting.
27.
PauleBush,HerebegynnethalytelltreatyseinEnglysshe,calledtheextripacionofignorancy:andittreatethandspekethoftheignoranceofpeople,shewyngthemhowetheyareboundetofearegod,tolouegod,andtohonourtheirprince(London:RichardePynson,1526).
STC4186.
28.
J.
H.
Bettey,"PaulBush,thefirstBishopofBristol,"TransactionsoftheBristolandGloucestershireArchaeologicalSociety,106(1988),170.
29.
Bush,Ignorancy,A.
ii.
v.
30.
SethLererhasarguedthatBush'sIgnorancyfitswithinthemedi-evalChauceriantraditionwithitslanguageandstyle,particularlyinthreededicatoryversestoPrincessMary,andseesthededicationasan"applicationforlaureateship.
"SethLerer,"PaulBushandtheChaucerTradition,"MediumAevum,73(2004),103–109.
31.
Bettey,"PaulBush,"171.
32.
AndrewBorde,TheFirstBokeoftheIntroductionofKnowledge(London:WilliamCopeland,1555).
STC3383.
162Notes33.
CathyShrank,WritingtheNationinReformationEngland,1530–1580(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2004),35.
34.
Borde,Knowledge,Aiv.
35.
Borde,Knowledge,Aiv.
36.
AndrewBoorde,TheFyrstBokeoftheIntroductionofKnowledge,Ed.
andIntro.
F.
J.
Furnivall(London:EarlyEnglishTextSociety,1870),36–38.
37.
Shrank,Writing,61–62.
38.
H.
R.
TedderandMaryC.
Erler,"WilliamCopland,"ODNB.
39.
GeoffreyEatough,"ThomasPaynell,"ODNB.
40.
HelenMoore,"GatheringFruit:The'Profitable'TranslationsofThomasPaynell,"inTudorTranslation,ed.
FredSchurink(NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,2011),41–51.
41.
S.
Bernard,Acompendiusandmochefrutefulletreatyseofwellliuynge,andcontaynyngtheholesumeandeffectofalvirtue,Trans.
ThomasPaynell(London:ThomasPetyt,1545),+ii.
STC1908.
42.
Acompendiusandmochefrutefulletreatyse,Paynell,+v.
43.
Acompendiusandmochefrutefulletreatyse,Paynell,+iiand+iii.
44.
Acompendiusandmochefrutefulletreatyse,Paynell,+iv.
45.
Richards,MaryTudor,77–79.
46.
PrivyPurseExpenses,106.
47.
Acompendiusandmochefrutefulletreatyse,Paynell,+vand+vi.
48.
Acompendiusandmochefrutefulletreatyse,Paynell,+vi.
49.
Acompendiusandmochefrutefulletreatyse,Paynell,+vi.
50.
ThomasPaynell,Thepiththyandmoostnotablesayingesofalscripture,gatheredbyThomasPaynell:afterthemannerofcommonplaces,verynec-essaryforalthosethatdeliteintheconsolacionsofthescriptures(London:ThomasGaultierattheexpenseofRobertToye,1550).
STC19494.
51.
ATranscriptoftheRegistersoftheCompanyofStationersinLondon,1554–1640.
VolumeI,Ed.
EdwardArberandCharlesRobertRivington(London:Stationers'Company,1875–1877),35.
52.
Paynell,Scripture(1550),Aiv.
53.
Paynell,Scripture(1550),Aiv.
54.
Erasmus,Firsttome,GospelofJohn,Aii.
r.
55.
Richards,MaryTudor,90.
ForafullerexplanationofMary'srelationshipwiththistext,seeAyshaPollnitz,"ReligionandTranslationattheCourtofHenryVIII:PrincessMary,KatherineParrandtheParaphrasesofErasmus,"inMaryTudor:OldandNewPerspectives,ed.
SusanDoranandThomasS.
Freeman(NewYork:PalgraveMacMillan,2011),123–137.
56.
Richards,MaryTudor,93–99.
57.
JohnProctor,ThefalofthelateArrian(London:WilliamPowell,1549).
STC20406.
58.
Proctor,Arrian,A.
ii.
v.
59.
Proctor,Arrian,A.
iiii.
r.
Notes16360.
Proctor,Arrian,A.
iiii.
v.
61.
Proctor,Arrian,A.
v.
r.
62.
DiarmaidMacCulloch,TudorChurchMilitant:EdwardVIandtheProtestantReformation(London:PenguinPress,1999),238n.
30.
63.
GeorgeT.
Buckley,"WhoWas'ThelateArrian',"ModernLanguageNotes,49(1934),500–503.
64.
ThewoodcutisonA.
i.
v.
65.
MacCulloch,TudorChurchMilitant,116–118.
66.
AlecRyrie,"PathsNotTakenintheBritishReformations,"TheHistoricalJournal,52(2009),8–9,17.
67.
J.
L.
McIntosh,FromHeadsofHouseholdtoHeadsofState:ThePreaccessionHouseholdsofMaryandElizabethTudor,1516to1558(NewYork:ColumbiaUniversityPress,2009).
68.
PrivyPurseExpenses,108.
3PrintedDedicationstoaQueen1.
AlexandraWalsham,"'AVeryDeborah'TheMythofElizabethIasaProvidentialMonarch,"inTheMythofElizabeth,ed.
SusanDoranandThomasS.
Freeman(NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,2003),147.
2.
TheBodleianalsohasaBibleprintedonvellum(Paris,1538–1540)thatmayhavebeendedicatedtoMary,shelfmarkAuct.
Y2.
1.
ThisbookhasnoverbaldedicationtoMary,buthasaleafwithanintri-cateTudorcoatofarmsthatmayhavebeenmeanttoserveasadedication.
IwouldliketothankDr.
FrancescaGalliganforthisreference.
3.
SeePeterMarshall,ReligiousIdentitiesinHenryVIII'sEngland(Aldershot:Ashgate,2006),169–172.
Here,MarshalladdressesthehistoriographicaldebateoftheHenricianreligioussettlementbeing"CatholicismwithoutthePope.
"ItisfromMarshall'sdis-cussionthatIhaveborrowedtheterm"HenricianCatholicism,"andwhileheonlyusesthetermtodiscusstheearlymodernuseof"Catholic,"IuseittostresstheconservativedoctrinalnatureoftheHenricianreligioussettlement.
Seealso,PeterMarshall,"IsthePopeCatholicHenryVIIIandtheSemanticsofSchism,"inCatholicsandthe"Protestantnation":ReligiousPoliticsandIdentityinEarlyModernEngland,ed.
EthanShagan(Manchester:ManchesterUniversityPress,2005),22–48.
Here,Marshallconcludesthattheterm"Catholic"wasusedinmanydifferentwaysaftertheHenriciamschism,butimportantly,wasusedtoimplyreligiouscontinuityandlegitimacy,evenifthatmeantremovingtheterm'sassociationwithRome.
Therefore,formydiscussion,"HenricianCatholicism"canserveasausefultermtounderstandthereligious164Notessettlementof1547andshowcontinuitywiththeMary'sreligiousset-tlementof1554.
LucyWoodingalsouses"HenricianCatholicism.
"SeeLucyWooding,RethinkingCatholicisminReformationEngland(Oxford:ClarendonPress,2000),67–81.
SeeRyrie,"PathsNotTaken.
"4.
ThomasCranmer,ThecopyofcertainlettressenttotheQuene,andalsotodoctourMartinanddoctourStorye,bythemostreuerendefatherinGod,ThomasCranmerArchebishopofCantorburyefromprisoninOxeforde(Emden:Egidiusvanderevre,1556).
STC5999.
5.
AnnRosalindJonesandPeterStallybrass,RenaissanceClothingandtheMaterialsofMemory(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2000,136–137.
6.
Asupplicacyontothequenesmaiestie(London:JohnCawood,1555)STC17562.
7.
AlecRyrie,"JohnCawood,"ODNB.
8.
DavidLoades,TwoTudorConspiracies,2nded.
(Bangor,Wales:HeadstartHistory,1992)isstillseenastheauthoritativetextontherebellion.
9.
Loades,MaryTudor,211–215.
10.
Richards,MaryTudor,149.
11.
BothLoadesandRichardsareinagreementonthatpoint.
Loades,TwoTudorConspiraciesandRichards,MaryTudor,149.
12.
Richards,MaryTudor,153.
13.
Richards,MaryTudor,153.
14.
JamesCancellar,ThePatheofObedience,rightenecessaryeforallthekingandQuenesmaiestieslouingSubiectes,toreade,learne,andusetheirdueobediences,tothehyghepowersaccordyngetothysgodlytreatisecom-piledbyJamesCancellar,oneoftheQuenesMaiestiesmostehonourableChapell(London:JohnWayland,1553).
STC4564.
15.
StephenWright,"JamesCancellar,"ODNB.
16.
SeeE.
G.
W.
Bill,ACatalogueofManuscriptsinLambethPalaceLibrary,MSS1907–2340(Oxford:ClarendonPress,1976),30–31.
17.
Cancellar,Pathe,A.
ii.
v.
18.
Cancellar,Pathe,A.
iiii.
r.
19.
AlanBryson,"OrderandDisorder:JohnProctor'sHistoryofWyatt'sRebellion(1554),"inTheOxfordHandbookofTudorLiterature,1485–1603,ed.
MikePincombeandCathyShrank(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2009),324.
20.
Bryson,"OrderandDisorder,"326.
21.
Bryson,"OrderandDisorder,"335.
22.
JohnProctor,Thehistorieofwyatesrebellion(London:JohnCaly,1554and1555).
STC20407.
Bryson,"OrderandDisorder,"327.
Thebookwasnotprintedagainuntilthenineteenthcentury.
23.
Proctorusedactualsourcesforhisnarrative,inaccordancewithmanyotherTudorhistorywriters,suchasJohnBaleandEdwardNotes165Hall.
ProctorwasinKentastherebellionmounted,sohewasabletogatherfirst-handinformation.
Bryson,"OrderandDisorder,"324and327.
BrysonexaminesProctorasahistorianandhowheusedtherecentpasttohelptheCatholicReformationofEnglandForanotherexplanationofProctor,seeThomasBetteridge,TudorHistoriesoftheEnglishReformations,1530–83(Aldershot:Ashgate,1999),144–146.
24.
ThisbookhassincebeenidentifiedastheBreviatChronicleissuedbyJohnMitchellsometimebeforeMarch25,1554.
However,thetwotextsweremoresimilarthandifferent,witheachattributingheresyasthecauseoftherebellion.
Bryson,"OrderandDisorder,"327–328.
25.
Proctor,Wyates,a.
v.
r.
26.
Proctor,Wyates,a.
iii.
r.
27.
Proctor,Wyates,a.
iii.
r.
28.
ForadiscussionofAnti-Spanishprint,seeLoades,MaryTudor,257.
29.
JohnProctor,ThewaiehometoChristandtruthleadingefromAntichristanderrour,madeandsetfurthintheLatinetongue,bythatfamousandgreatclearkeVincent,Frenchemanborne,aboue.
xi.
hundredyerespaste,forthecomforteofalltrueChristianmen,againstthemostpernitiousanddetestablecrafteofheretickes,whicheinhistymebyallsub-tellwayes,deuisedtoobscureanddefacethedoctrineandreligionofthevniuersallchurche(London:RobertCaly,1554).
STC24754.
ThisisatranslationofSt.
VincentofLérins'LatinLiberdeCatholicaefideiantiquitate.
30.
Proctor,Waiehome,A.
i.
r.
31.
Proctor,Waiehome,A.
ii.
r.
32.
JenniferLoach,ParliamentandtheCrownintheReignofMaryTudor(Oxford:ClarendonPress,1986),105.
33.
Richards,MaryTudor,191.
34.
JohnChristopherson,Anexhortationtoallmennetotakehedeandbewareofrebellion:whereinaresetforththecauses,thatcommonlyemouementorebellion,andthatnocauseisthere,thatoughttomoueanymantherevnto,withadiscourseofthemiserableeffectes,thatensuetherof,andofthewretchedende,thatallrebellescommeto,mostenecessarytobereddeinthisseditiouseandtroublesometyme(London:JohnCawood,1554).
STC5207.
35.
CalendarofthePatentRolls,PhilipandMary,Vol.
II,79andVol.
III,243.
36.
CalendarofStatePapers,DomesticSeries,ofthereignofMaryI,ed.
C.
S.
Knighton(London,PublicRecordOffice,1998),914.
37.
CalendarofStatePapers,Domestic,MaryI,entry139.
38.
Loades,MaryTudor,359.
Mary'sNewYear'sgiftlistof1557isreprintedinLoades,MaryTudor,358–369.
39.
Christopherson,Exhortation,A.
vi.
r.
166Notes40.
SarahDuncan,MaryI:Gender,Power,andCeremonyintheReignofEngland'sFirstQueen(NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,2012),113–114.
41.
Betteridge,TudorHistories,145.
42.
Loach,"TheMarianEstablishment,"142–143.
43.
CalendarofthePatentRolls,PhilipandMary,4vols.
(London:PublicRecordOffice,1970).
Vol.
II,pp.
30;Vol.
III,pp.
32,40–41;Vol.
IV,149and395.
44.
EamonDuffy,FiresofFaith:CatholicEnglandunderMaryTudor(NewHaven:YaleUniversityPress,2009),63,71–72.
DuffyarguesthatChristopheson'stextwastheofficialresponsetoWyatt'sRebellion,butIcannotfindanyevidencetosupportthatclaim,apartfromDuffy'sinsistencethatsinceProctorandChristophersonwereclosetothecourt,theymusthavebeenwritingonMary'sbehalf.
Itisinterestingthattheofficialresponsewouldstressheresyratherthanpolitics,butIhaveaddressedthisdiscrepancyalready.
Brysonalsosuggeststhatthebookwas"grantedaroyallicense,"Bryson,"OrderandDisorder,"327.
45.
Loach,"PrintingPress,"142.
46.
CalendarofthePatentRolls,PhilipandMary,Vol.
1,53.
"Grantforlifetothequeen'sservantJohnCawoodoftheofficeofqueen'sprinterofallbooksandstatutes,acts,proclamations,injunctionsandothervolumestobeissuedbythequeen,herheirsandsucces-sors,intheEnglishtongueandtobeputinprint.
"TheofficeisvoidbecauseRichardGrafton,theKing'sPrinter,"forfeiteditbyprintingaproclamationinwhichwascontainedthatacertainJane,wifeofGuildefordDudley,wasqueenofEngland.
"EdwardVIgrantedReynoldWolfftheofficeofKing'sPrinterforallbooksinLatin,Greek,andHebrewandCawoodwasgrantedWolff'sofficeifWolffdiedbeforehim.
47.
AllbiographicalinformationfromAlecRyrie,"JohnCawood,"ODNB.
48.
Betteridge,TudorHistories,125.
49.
Betteridge,TudorHistories,124–125.
50.
ThomasF.
Mayer,ed.
,TheCorrespondenceofReginaldPole,Vol.
2(Aldershot:Ashgate,2003),letter815.
51.
GeorgeColdewel,Boetiusdeconsolationphilosophiae.
ThebokeofBoetius,calledthecomforteofphilosophye,orwysedome,mochenecessaryforallmentoreadandknow,whereinsucheasbeinaduersitie,shallfyndemucheconsolationandcomforte,andsucheasbeingreatworldlyprosperi-tiemayknowethevanitieandfrailtietherof,andconsequentlyfyndeeter-nallfelycytie(London:JohnCawood,1556).
STC3201.
52.
Botley,"GeorgeCovile,"ODNB.
53.
Coldewel,Boetius,A.
ii.
r.
54.
Loades,MaryTudor,91.
Notes16755.
JudithRichardshassuggestedthatsomeinstancesofMary'spoorhealthwerepoliticalratherthanactualillnesses.
RichardssurmisesthatMarymayhavefeignedillnesstoavoidconfrontationsoverherpersonalreligiouspracticesandpoliticalsituationswithherfatherandbrother.
SeeRichards,MaryTudor,89,99,104,and106.
56.
Loades,MaryTudor,254.
57.
Loades,MaryTudor,232.
58.
Richards,MaryTudor,174.
59.
SeeRichards,MaryTudor,173–179foradiscussionofMary'sfirstpregnancy.
Richardssuggeststhatthispregnancywasreallyacaseofpseudocyesis,oranactualmedicalconditionofaphantompregnancy.
60.
AllbiographicalinformationcomesfromStephenJohnston,"RobertRecorde,"ODNB.
61.
RobertRecorde,Thecastleofknowledge(London:ReginaldWolfe,1556).
STC20796.
62.
Recorde,Castle,A.
ii.
v.
63.
Recorde,Castle,A.
ii.
r.
64.
ThomasPhaer,TheseuenfirstbookesoftheEneidosofVirgill(London:JohnKingstonforRichardJugge,1558).
STC24799.
65.
StevenLally,ed.
,TheAeneidofThomasPhaerandThomasTwyne:ACriticalEditionIntroducingRenaissanceMetricalTypography(NewYork:Garland,1987),xiv.
Lally'sintroductionlargelyignoresPhaer'stranslationsofthefirstsevenandninebooksinfavorofexploringthePhaer-Twynetranslationsof1573andlater.
InLally'sdiscussionoftheprintingoftheAeneid,hebeginswiththe1573edition.
66.
Lally,ed.
,TheAeneid,xiiandxxii.
ThePhaer-Twyneeditionwasprintedsixtimesbetween1573and1620.
67.
Phaer,a.
ii.
r.
68.
CalendarofthePatentRolls,PhilipandMary,Vol.
III,74–75.
69.
CalendarofthePatentRolls,PhilipandMary,Vol.
IV,363.
70.
CalendarofthePatentRolls,PhilipandMary,Vol.
IV,309.
ThereisnosimilarlicenseintherecordsoftheStationer'sCompany.
71.
JudithRichardshasrecentlysuggestedthatMaryshouldbere-evaluatedandconsideredahumanistqueenbasedonhereduca-tionalbackgroundandtheinfluenceofherparents.
Richards,MaryTudor,65.
72.
Wizeman,TheTheology,47.
73.
SeeWizeman,TheTheology,24–49.
74.
PaulinaKews,"TheExclusionCrisisof1553andtheElizabethanSuccession,"inMaryTudor:OldandNewPerspectives,ed.
SusanDoranandThomasS.
Freeman(NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,2011),51.
JohnSeton,PangyriciinVictoriam(London:ReginaldWolf,1553).
STC22258.
168Notes75.
KevinSharpe,SellingtheTudorMonarchy:AuthorityandImageinSixteenth-CenturyEngland(NewHaven:YaleUniversityPress,2009),256–257.
76.
Loach,"PrintingPress,"144.
77.
Wooding,RethinkingCatholicism,150.
78.
JohnWhite,Diacosio-martyrion,idestducentorumvirorvmtestimo-nium,deveritatecorporis,etsanguinisChristi,inevcharistia,antetri-enniumaduersusPetrummatryem(London:RobertCaly,1553).
STC25388.
79.
Mayer,TheCorrespondenceofReginaldPole,Vol.
II,Letter836.
80.
ThomasPaynell,TwelueSermonsofSayntAugustine(London:JohnCawood,1553).
STC923.
81.
Paynell,TwelueSermons,L.
viii.
r.
82.
Wooding,RethinkingCatholicism,144,fn108.
83.
Paynell,TwelueSermons,A.
ii.
r.
84.
Paynell,TwelueSermons,A.
iii.
v.
85.
Paynell,TwelueSermons,A.
iiii.
r.
86.
Paynell,TwelueSermons,A.
iiii.
r.
87.
ThomasPaynell,CertaineGodlyandDeuoutPrayers(London:JohnCawood,1558).
STC24318.
88.
Paynell,Certaine,A.
ii.
v.
89.
AllbiographicalinformationcomesfromD.
G.
Newcombe,"CuthbertTunstal,"ODNB.
90.
HelenMoore,"GatheringFruit:The'Profitable'TranslationsofThomasPaynell,"inTudorTranslation,ed.
FredSchurink(NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,2011),41.
91.
Wizeman,TheTheology,32.
92.
MilesHogarde,Theassaultofthesacramentofthealtarcontainyngaswellsixeseueralassaultesmadefromtymetotymeagainstthesaydblessedsacrament:asalsothenames&opinionsofallthehereticalcap-tainesofthesameassaultes(London:RobertCaly,1554).
STC13556.
;AtreatisedeclaringhoweChristewasbanishedoutofthisrealm:AndhoweithathpleasedGodtobryngChristhomeagainebyMaryourmoostgraciousQuene(London:RobertCaly,1554).
STC13560.
5.
;Thedis-playingoftheProtestants,andsondrytheirpractises,withadescriptionofdiuerstheirabusesoflatefrequented(London:RobertCaly,1556).
STC13558.
;and,Amirrourofloue,whichsuchlightdothgiue,thatallmenmaylearne,howtoloueandliue(London:RobertCaly,1555).
STC13559.
93.
CalendarofthePatentRolls,PhilipandMary,Vol.
I,386.
OnNovember25,1553,Hogarde(Huggarde)wasgivenagrantforlifeasthequeen'shosier,withdailywagesof12pence.
94.
Betteridge,TudorHistories,151.
95.
Wooding,RethinkingCatholicism,149.
96.
Duffy,FiresofFaith,72–74,76.
Notes16997.
J.
W.
Martin,"MilesHogarde:ArtisanandAspiringAuthorinSixteenth-CenturyEngland,"RenaissanceQuarterly,34(1981),359.
98.
Wooding,RethinkingCatholicism,150.
SeealsoSethLerer,"MedievalLiteratureandEarlyModernReaders:CambridgeUniversityLibrarySel.
5.
51–5.
63,"ThePapersoftheBibliographicSocietyofAmerica,97(2003),311–332.
99.
Hogarde,Theassault,frontispiece.
100.
ThankyoutothelibrariansoftheHuntingtonLibraryandExeterandBrasenoseCollegesofOxfordforcheckingtheircopiesforanypossibleadditionaldedication.
101.
Duffy,FiresofFaith,76.
102.
CalendarofthePatentRolls,PhilipandMary,Vol.
III,509.
103.
Duffy,FiresofFaith,58.
104.
BritishLibrary,HarleyMS3444.
105.
Martin,"MilesHogarde,"367.
106.
Hogarde,Thedisplaying,3r.
107.
Loades,MaryTudor,254.
108.
Loades,MaryTudor,274.
109.
Hogarde,Thedisplaying,5r.
110.
TomBetteridge,LiteratureandPoliticsintheEnglishReformation(Manchester:ManchesterUniversityPress,2004),136–137.
111.
Betteridge,LiteratureandPolitics,154.
112.
JohnRedman,AcompendiustreatisecalledthecomplaintofGrace(London:RobertCaly,1554).
STC20826.
113.
JohnAngell,Theagrementoftheholyefathers,andDoctorsofthechurche,vponthecheifestarticlesofChristianreligiounasappearethonthenextesydefolowinge,verynecessaryforallcurates(London:WilliamHarford,1555).
STC634.
114.
CalendarofthePatentRolls,PhilipandMary,Vol.
III,203and254.
115.
CalendarofthePatentRolls,PhilipandMary,Vol.
IV,143.
116.
Angell,Theagrement,A.
ii.
r.
117.
Angell,Theagrement,A.
ii.
v.
118.
Angell,Theagrement,A.
ii.
v–A.
iii.
r.
119.
Duncan,MaryI,161.
120.
Wooding,RethinkingCatholicism,119–120.
OnAugust20,1553MarysentalettertotheBishopofWinchesterorderinghimtorestoreallofthereligiousstatutesandordinancesastheywereattheendofherfather'sreign.
SeeMontagueRhodesJames,ADescriptiveCatalogueoftheManuscriptsintheLibraryofCorpusChristiCollegeCambridgeI(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1912),MS106,entry315.
121.
LucyWooding,"TheMarianRestorationandthelanguageofCatholicReform,"InReformingCatholicismintheEnglandofMaryTudor:TheAchievementofFriarBartoloméCarranza.
Eds.
JohnEdwardsandRonaldTruman(Aldershot:Ashgate,2005),58.
170Notes122.
Loades,MaryTudor,196–197.
JohnEdwards,MaryI:England'sCatholicQueen(NewHaven:YaleUniversityPress,2011),230–231.
123.
Edwards,MaryI,229.
124.
Wooding,"TheMarianRestoration,"50.
125.
Wooding,"TheMarianRestoration,"53and55.
126.
RichardSmith,AbouclierofthecatholikefaythofChristeschurch,con-teynyngdiuersmattersnowoflatecalledintocontrouersy,bythenewegos-pellers(London:RichardTottell,1554),C.
v.
r.
STC22816.
127.
Smyth,Abouclier,C.
iiii.
r.
128.
Smyth,Abouclier,C.
v.
r.
129.
ThomasNorth,TheDiallofPrinces(London:JohnWayland,1557).
STC12427.
130.
ThereisaThomasNorthmentionedintheNewYear'sgiftrollof1557,butitmostlikelyisnotthesameNorth,ashegaveMaryQueenMary10livepartridgesandhispaymentfromMaryisnotlisted.
Loades,MaryTudor,366.
131.
A.
F.
Allison,EnglishTranslationsfromtheSpanishandPortugesetotheYear1700(Kent:Dawson&SonsLtd.
,1974),89.
132.
VictorHouliston,"HerMajesty,WhoIsNowinHeaven:MaryTudorandtheElizabethanCatholics,"inMaryTudor:OldandNewPerspectives,ed.
SusanDoranandThomasS.
Freeman(NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,2011),46.
133.
SeeSmith,"GrosslyMaterialThings.
"4ManuscriptDedicationstoMary1.
Boffey,ManuscriptandPrint,46–47.
2.
DavidStarkey,"AnAttendantLordHenryParker,LordMorley,"in"TriumphsofEnglish":HenryParker,LordMorleyTranslatortotheTudorCourt,ed.
JamesP.
CarleyandMarieAxton(London:TheBritishLibrary,2000),1–7.
3.
NatalieZemonDavissuggeststhatgift-givinginherentlyrequiredreciprocity.
NewYear'sgiftsinparticularimpliedahopeforthecontinuationofpatronageintheupcomingyear.
NatalieZemonDavis,TheGiftinSixteenth-CenturyFrance(Madison:UniversityofWisconsinPress,2000),14and24.
Therefore,MarywouldhavebeenobligatedtogiveParkeragiftorpaymentinreturn,eventhoughhealldesiredwasMary'sfavor.
4.
Starkey,"Attendant,"1–7.
5.
Starkey,"Attendant,"14–15.
6.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS18A.
XV.
7.
PrivyPurseExpenses,49.
8.
PrivyPurseExpenses,51.
9.
PrivyPurseExpenses,82.
Notes17110.
PrivyPurseExpenses,97.
11.
PrivyPurseExpenses,143.
12.
JamesP.
Carley,"TheWritingsofHenryParker,LordMorley:ABibliographicSurvey,"in"TriumphsofEnglish":HenryParker,LordMorleyTranslatortotheTudorCourt,ed.
JamesP.
CarleyandMarieAxton(London:TheBritishLibrary,2000),34–36.
Carley'sarticleisthemostup-to-datebibliographiccatalogueofParker'smanu-scripts.
Seepp.
36–36forbibliographicnotesontheeightmanu-scriptsParkerpresentedtoMary.
13.
ThededicationstoeachmanuscripthavebeenreprintedinHerbertG.
Wright,Forty-sixLives(London:EarlyEnglishTextSociety,1943),168–184.
14.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS2D.
XXVIII.
15.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS2D.
XXVIII,fol.
1b.
16.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS2D.
XXVIII,fol.
1b.
17.
Carley,"Writings,"35.
18.
Carley,"Writings,"50.
19.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS17A.
XXX.
QuotationfromWright,Forty-sixLives,174.
20.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS18A.
LX.
QuotationtakenfromWright,Forty-sixLives,174.
21.
Wright,Forty-sixLives,175.
22.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS17C.
XII.
23.
Carley,"Writings,"35.
24.
Wright,Forty-sixLives,169.
25.
Boffey,ManuscriptandPrint,57.
26.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS18A.
XV.
27.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS18A.
XV,fol.
2a.
28.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS18A.
XV,fol.
2b.
29.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS17C.
XVI.
30.
Wright,Forty-sixLives,173.
31.
ForanexplanationofthepoliticalmeaningofMary'stransla-tionofAquinas,seeJaimeGoodrich,"MaryTudor,LordMorley,andSt.
ThomasAquinas:ThePoliticsofPiousTranslationattheHenricianCourt,"ANQ,24(2011),11–22.
32.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS17A.
XLVI.
33.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS17A.
XLVI,fol.
1b.
34.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS17A.
XLVI,fol.
3a.
35.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS17A.
XLVI,fol.
1b.
36.
BritishLibrary,AdditionalMS12060.
37.
Wright,Forty-sixLives,183.
38.
Wright,Forty-sixLives,183.
39.
LorraineAttreedandAlexanderWinkler,"FaithandForgiveness:LessonsinStatecraftforQueenMaryTudor,"SixteenthCenturyJournal,36(2005),971–989.
172Notes40.
ModernbibliophileArthurVershbowmayhaveownedapresenta-tioncopydedicationtoMaryandPhilip.
Hisentirecollectionwassoldatauctionin2013.
FromthepartsofhiscollectioncataloguethatIwasabletoexamine,Icouldnotfindanysuchmanuscript,butitmayhavejusttransferredintootherprivatehands.
41.
AllbiographicalinformationcomesfromPeterHolmes,"WilliamForrest,"ODNB.
42.
BodleySummaryCatalogueMS8590(shelfmarkMSWoodempt.
2);MadanFalconer,H.
H.
E.
Craster,andN.
Denholm-Young,eds.
,ASummaryCatalogueofWesternManuscriptsintheBodleianLibraryatOxford,7vols.
(Oxford:ClarendonPress,1895–1953),Vol.
II,PartII,1198.
43.
Falconer,SummaryCatalogue,Vol.
II,PartII,1198.
Forrest,Grisild,xx–xxi.
44.
AnnRosalindJonesandPeterStallybrass,RenaissanceClothingandtheMaterialsofMemory(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2000),237.
45.
JonesandStallybrass,RenaissanceClothing,237.
46.
Forrest,Grisild,9.
47.
JuanLuisVives,Introductioadsapientiam;Satellitiumsivesymbola;Epistolaeduaederationestudiipuerilis(Antwerp:MertendeKeyser,1530),L2r;Forrest,Grisild,xx.
48.
Forrest,Grisild,xxiv–xxv.
MacRaydoesnotindicatethelocationoftheoriginal(whichmeansitmaynotexist),butacopyoftheorigi-nalisheldinthelibraryoftheSocietyofAntiquitiesatBurlingtonHouseanditwasreprintedbyThomasParkinVolumeXoftheHarleianMiscellaryof1813onpage253.
49.
Forrest,Grisild,xxv.
JohnFoxe,ActsandMonuments(1563),1139–1140.
MacRaysuspectsthattheywereprintedasbroadsides.
50.
Holmes,"WilliamForrest,"ODNB.
51.
Forrest,Grisild,xxiv.
BritishLibrary,HarleyMS1703.
52.
BritishLibrary,HarleyMS1860.
53.
JaimeGoodrich,"TheDedicatoryPrefacetoMaryRoperClarkBasset'sTranslationofEusebius'EcclesiasticalHistory.
"EnglishLiteraryRenaissance40(2010),308.
54.
Goodrich,"Basset,"301.
55.
Goodrich,"Basset,"303.
56.
BritishLibrary,HarleyMS1860.
Thededicationappearsonfols.
1rto8v.
57.
Goodrich,"Basset,"315.
58.
Goodrich,"Basset,"316.
59.
Goodrich,"Basset,"318.
60.
ThomasMore,TheWorksofSirThomasMore,Ed.
WilliamRastell(London:JohnCawood,JohnWaly,andRichardTottell,1557).
STC18076.
TheBodleyhasamanuscripteditionof"WorksbySirNotes173ThomasMore"from1555.
Writteninthemanuscriptis"M.
Regina"and"VivatReginaMaria,"thatappeartohavebeenwrittentherewhileshewasqueen.
BodleyLibrary,MS431.
SeeFalconer,SummaryCatalogue,VolII,PartI,331.
61.
More,Works,C.
ii.
r.
62.
More,Works,C.
ii.
r.
63.
Goodrich,"Basset,"309.
64.
Goodrich,"Basset,"308.
65.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS17B.
XL.
66.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS17B.
XL,fol.
2r.
67.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS17B.
XL,fol.
2r.
68.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS17B.
XL,fol.
12r.
69.
PhilipGerrard,AgodlyinuectiueinthedefenceoftheGospel(London:RichardGrafton,1547).
STC11797.
70.
Previously,scholarshavesuggestedthateconomicreformcouldnotbemadeunderMarybecauseofaso-calledMid-TudorCrisis,stemmingfromlarge-scalesocialandreligiousdisorder.
SeeWhitneyR.
D.
Jones,TheMid-TudorCrisis,1539–1563(NewYork:Harper&Row,1973).
Revisionistscholars,suchasDavidLoadesandJenniferLoach,disagreedlargelywithJones'sfind-ings,arguingthattheterm"Mid-TudorCrisis"isgenerallyinac-curateandunhelpful.
TherewasnoactualcrisisbecauseboththemonarchyandEnglandsurvived,andintermsofeconomics,whiletheeconomystruggled,thelivesofmostpeoplewererela-tivelyunchanged.
TherewasevensufficientcontinuitybetweenthedifferentTudorgovernments.
SeeDavidLoades,TheMid-TudorCrisis,1545–1565(NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,1992)andJenniferLoachandRobertTittler,eds.
,TheMid-TudorPolity,c.
1540–1560(London:Macmillan,1980).
Postrevisionistscholarsarguethatboththetraditionalistsandrevisionistsoversimplifytheirarguments.
Rather,therewasnocrisis,butthestatesur-vivedinaperiodoftraumawhilecontributinglittleachieve-ments.
SeeJohnMatusiak,"Mid-TudorEngland:YearsofTraumaandSurvival,"HistoryReview,52(2005),31–36.
71.
CalendarofStatePapers,Domestic,MaryI,Entry220.
72.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS7D.
IV.
73.
ClareHopkins,"ArthurYeldard,"ODNB.
74.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS7D.
IV,fol.
7r.
75.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS8A.
XVI.
76.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS12D.
V.
77.
MaryAnneEverettWood,ed.
,LettersofRoyalandIllustriousLadiesofGreatBritain,FromtheCommencementoftheTwelfthCenturytotheCloseofReignofQueenMary,Vol.
III(London:HenryColburn,1846),255–256.
78.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS16E.
XXVII.
174Notes79.
"Gratiam,acPacemabeoprecatur,quibonorumomniumestauthor,etlargitor,quique,vnicuiquesecundusuameritaredditu-rusest.
"BritishLibrary,RoyalMS8A.
XVI,fol.
2r.
80.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS13B.
X.
81.
"Egosunt,quoadvixero,tuaeseraenitateaddictissimumspondeo:actaelestem,potentenquedeidextrameminemtissimatuaepub-limitatiscuramgerere,perpetuodiesacnoctesprecabor,quamdominusJaesusfealicissimisauspicysadlucidissimaeaeternitatisgloriamsubuehat.
"BritishLibrary,RoyalMS13B.
X.
fol.
13r.
82.
JohnChristopherson,Anexhortationtoallmennetotakehedeandbewareofrebellion:whereinaresetforththecauses,thatcommonlyemouementorebellion,andthatnocauseisthere,thatoughttomoueanymantherevnto,withadiscourseofthemiserableeffectes,thatensuetherof,andofthewretchedende,thatallrebellescommeto,mostenecessarytobereddeinthisseditiouseandtroublsometyme(London:JohnCawood,1554).
STC5207.
83.
CambridgeMSDd.
VI.
56.
SeeACatalogueoftheManuscriptsPreservedintheLibraryoftheUniversityofCambridge,Vol.
I(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1856),309.
84.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS15B.
XIII.
85.
RethaWarnicke,"AnneofCleves,"ODNB.
Inherentry,WarnickesuggeststhatAnneofClevesactuallyreceivedthreeprintedbookdedications,thatbyElyot,thatbyBecon,andonefromRichardTavernerinhistranslationofWolfgangCapito'sAnEpitomeofthePslams(1539).
Taverner'sdedication,however,isnottoAnneofCleves,buttoKingHenryVIII.
Thefinaltwopagesofthededi-cationmentionthatHenryhasanewqueenwaitingtobetrans-portedintotherealmaslongastheweathercooperates,whichiswhyWarnickemayhaveconsideredittobedirectedtoAnneofCleves.
But,thededicationsimplymentionsthatAnneisonherwaytoEnglandtobecomequeenandmusthavebeenwrittenlatein1539,asthemarriagecontractwasnotsigneduntilOctoberof1539.
AnnearrivedinEnglandonJanuary1,1540andthecouplewasmarriedonJanuary6,1540.
86.
WilliamB.
Turnbull,ed.
,CalendarofStatePapers,ForeignSeries,oftheReignofMary,1553–1558(London:Longman,Green,Longman,&Roberts,1861),p.
12,66,117,165.
87.
"AviatuaElysabethaHispaniaereginaquaminsignibusdecoratevirtutibussuit"BritishLibrary,RoyalMS15B.
XIII,fol.
4a.
88.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS15B.
XIII,fol.
4b.
89.
JuliaBoffey,"FromManuscripttoPrint:ContinuityandChange,"inACompaniontotheEarlyPrintedBookinBritain,1476–1558,ed.
VincentGillespieandSusanPowell(Cambridge:D.
S.
Brewer,2014),20–21.
Notes17590.
SeeJuliaBoffey,ManuscriptandPrintand"FromManuscripttoPrint:ContinuityandChange"foradiscussionhowmanuscriptsandbookswereusedtogetherinearlymodernEngland.
5DedicationstoPhilipandMary1.
ASkeltonicallsalvation,orcondignegratvlation,andivstvexationoftheSpanishnationthatinabravado,spentmanyacrvsado,insettingforthanarmadoEnglandtoInvado(Oxford:JosephBarnes,1589)STC22619.
2.
ASkeltonicallsalvation,A6v.
3.
AtrveandperfectedescriptionofastraungeMonstarborneintheCittyofRomeinItalyintheyeareofoursalvation,1585.
VnderwhichisdescribedboththeoriginallandtriumphantstateoftheHolyLeague,andalsothesodainanddesperatefallthereofintheyear1588.
WithcertainversesexhortatorytotheKingofSpayn,thatheewouldwithdrawhispersecut-inghandfromtheChurchofChris.
(London:JohnWolfe,1590).
STC15107.
4.
Atrveandperfectedescription,A2r.
5.
GirolamoRuscelli,LeImpreseIllustri(Venice:FrancescoRampazetto,1566).
AcopyownedbymodernbibliophileArthurVershbowwasjustrecentlysoldatauctionbyChristies.
6.
SeeWilliamS.
Maltby,TheBlackLegendinEngland:TheDevelopmentofAnti-SpanishSentiment,1558–1660(Durham:DukeUniversityPress,1971).
7.
Maltby,BlackLegend,4.
8.
Maltby,BlackLegend,76.
9.
PeterMartyrofAngleria,ThedecadesoftheneweworldeorwestIndiaconteynyngthenauigationsandconquestsoftheSpanyardes,withtheparticulardescriptionofthemosterycheandlargelandsandilandslatelyfoundeinthewestoceanperteynyngtotheinheritaunceofthekingesofSpayne,trans.
RichardEden(London:WilliamPowell,1555).
STC645.
10.
AllbiographicalinformationonEdencomesfromAndrewHatfield,"RichardEden,"ODNB.
11.
Maltby,BlackLegend,24.
12.
Martyr,ThedecadesoftheneweworldeorwestIndia,C1r.
13.
LeonardGoreti,OratioLeonhardiGoretiiEquitisPolonidematri-monioserenissimiacpotentissi,serenissimaepotentissimaequeDeigratiaRegisacReginaeAngliae,Hispaniae&AdpopulumprincipesqueAngliae(London:WilliamPowell,1554).
STC12090.
14.
Goreti,Oratio,A2v.
15.
"CumincidesoptimelectorinnarrationinnomenpricipisSemeriae,saneexaliisiutellexicuramRegisEdouardiilliaHenricoRegepatrenonfuissecommissam,sedvniuersosenatui,quae,176Notesposteaeratdelataadevm,acsiillemoreretur,vttandemMariamhancinReginamcooptarent.
Reliquafoeliciterlegasacbonconsu-lito.
Etenimintamvastaorationdifficileestomnibussatissacere.
"Goreti,Oratio,K4v.
16.
HadrianusJunius,Philippeis,sev,innvptiasdiviPhilippi,avg.
pii,max&heroineMariaeavg.
(London:ThomasBerthelet,1554).
STC14861.
17.
Sharpe,SellingtheTudorMonarchy,259.
18.
DavidLoades,TheReignofMaryTudor:Politics,Government,&ReligioninEngland,1553–58,2nded.
(London:Longman,1991),112.
19.
JohannSlotan,Deretinendafideorthodoxaetcatholicaadversushaer-esesetsectas,etpraecipueLutheranam(Coloniae:IoannesNovesianus,1555).
20.
Richards,MaryTudor,174.
21.
Richards,MaryTudor,175.
22.
NewCollege,Oxford,BT3.
145.
20.
23.
Richards,MaryTudor,178.
24.
ThomasMartin,ATraictiseDeclaringandPlainlyProuyng,thatthepretensedmarriageofPriests,andprofessedpersones,isnomariage,butaltogethervnlawful,andinallages,andalcountreiesofChristendome,botheforbidden,andalsopunyshed(London:RobertCaly,1554).
STC17517.
25.
JenniferLoach,ParliamentandtheCrownintheReignofMaryTudor(Oxford:ClarendonPress,1986),74.
26.
Loach,ParliamentandtheCrown,77–78.
27.
Martin,ATraictiseDeclaring,A.
iv.
rofthededication.
28.
MatthewParker,Adefenceofpriestesmariagesstablysshedbytheimpe-rialllawesoftherealmeofEnglande,agaynstaciuilian,namynghymselfeThomasMartindoctouroftheciuilelawes,goyngabouttodisprouethesaidemariages,lawfullbytheeternallwordeofGod,bythehyghcourtofparliament,onlyforbyddenbyforaynelawesandcanonsofthePope,colouredwiththevisouroftheChurche(London:JohnKingstonforRichardeJugge,1567).
STC17518.
29.
AaronJ.
Kleist,"MatthewParker,OldEnglish,andtheDefenseofPriestlyMarriage,"inAnglo-SaxonBooksandTheirReaders:EssaysinCelebrationofHelmutGneuss'sHandlistofAnglo-SaxonManuscripts,ed.
ThomasN.
HallandDonaldScragg(Kalamazoo:MedievalInstitutePublications,2008),107–108.
JohnPonet,ADefenceforMariageofPriestes(London:ReynoldWolff,1549).
STC20176andAnApologieFullyAunsvveringebyScripturesandAunceantDoctors,aBlasphemoseBookGatheridbyD.
Steph.
Gardiner,NouLordChauncelarandD.
SmythofOxford,andotherPapists,asbyTherBooksAppeare,andofLateSetFurthVndertheNameofThomasMartinDoctoroftheCiuileLawesasofHimselfheSaieth,AgainsttheGodlyMariadgeofPriests(Zurich:ChristophFroschaue,1555).
Notes17730.
NancyBjorklund,"'AGodlyWyfeIsaHelper':MatthewParkerandtheDefenseofClericalMarriage,"TheSixteenthCenturyJournal,34,No.
2(Summer2003),347–365.
OnJanuary29,1555,Poleissuedatractthatabsolvedmarriedclergysolongastheyabandonedtheirwivesandrepented.
31.
Bjorklund,"Godly,"355–357.
32.
Bjorklund,"Godly,"357–358.
33.
SeeKleist,"MatthewParker,"106–135.
34.
Kleist,"MatthewParker,"109.
35.
Bjorklund,"Godly,"362.
STC17518and17519.
TheSTCdatesbotheditionsas1567.
36.
Bjorklund,"Godly,"363.
37.
Parker,Adefence,A.
i.
r.
38.
HowardM.
NixonandMirjanM.
Foot,eds.
,TheHistoryofDecoratedBookbindinginEngland(Oxford:ClarendonPress,1992),28.
PepysLibrary,MS1663.
Ihavenotseenthismanuscripttodetermineiftheinscriptionisindeedadedication.
39.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS12A.
XIandBritishLibrary,RoyalMS12A.
XX.
40.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS12A.
XLIX.
41.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS12A.
XI,fol.
23v.
42.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS12A.
XX.
"Nominisalterutriuspulchraelectioncerteest,sinedieslongi,seubreuefietiter,"fol.
5r.
and"SaluetoHispaninonanuptaMariaPhilippi.
SaluetoteomnesRex®ineperannos,"fol.
6v.
,respectively.
43.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS12A.
XLIX,fol.
4r.
44.
"queRegiamvirginemdecerent,tempusinsumebat.
Latinamlinguam&intelligebataccurate.
"BritishLibrary,RoyalMS12A.
XLIX,fol.
5r.
45.
Loades,MaryTudor,257.
46.
Duncan,MaryI,163.
47.
Loades,MaryTudor,233.
SeeDuncan,MaryIforadiscussionoftheimageryusedintheirmarriagenegotiations.
48.
DavidLoades,"PhilipIIandtheGovernmentofEngland,"inLawandGovernmentundertheTudors,ed.
ClaireCross,DavidLoades,andJ.
J.
Scarisbrick(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1988),180–181.
49.
Richards,MaryTudor,179–180.
50.
C.
S.
Knighton,ed.
,CalendarofStatePapers,DomesticSeries,MaryI.
Entry596.
SeeJ.
ChristopherWarner,"AGiftofBooksfromtheEmperor'sPoetLaureatetoQueenMaryI,"TheLibrary,7thseries,11,No.
3(September2010),345–349.
Inthisarticle,Warneridenti-fieseachofthesevenbooksgivenbyMameranusandtheirmodernlibraryholdings.
51.
Warner,"AGiftofBooks,"345.
178Notes52.
KnightonhasidentifiedthisbookasBesolasmanosetpointdictionisgallicaeusus.
Cumcarminedeleoneetasino(London:ThomasMarsh,1557),withacopyatKing'sCollege,Cambridge.
Thepetitionisentry597.
6BooksOwnedbyMary1.
Loades,TheReignofMaryTudor,6.
2.
SeeJanetBackhouse,"FoundersoftheRoyalLibrary:EdwardIVandHenryVIIasCollectorsofIlluminatedManuscripts,"inEnglandintheFifteenthCentury:Proceedingsofthe1986HarlaxtonSymposium(Woodbridge,Suffolk:Wolfebor,1987),23–41.
3.
SeeGeraldSuster,ed.
,JohnDeeEssentialReadings,2nded.
(Berkeley:NorthAtlanticBooks,2003).
Thesupplicationisreprintedonpp.
16–19.
4.
SeeG.
D.
Hobson,BindingsinCambridgeLibraries(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1929).
5.
HowardNixon,"EarlyEnglishGold-TooledBookbindings,"inStudidiBibliografiaediStoriainOnorediTammarodeMarinis,3(Verona:G.
Mardersteig,1964),294.
6.
DavidMcKitterick,ed.
,TheTrinityApocalypse(London:TheBritishLibrary,2005),104.
7.
TheTrinityApocalypsewasboundbytheKingEdwardandQueenMaryBinderandbasedonthecoatofarmsonthefrontcover,itcouldhavebelongedtoeitherKingHenryVIII,EdwardVI,orMary.
DavidMcKittericksuggeststhatitmostlikelydidnotbelongtoHenryVIII,soitwaseitherboundforEdwardorMary,buthecannotconfirmwhichroyalhadthebookbound.
Assuch,itwillnotbetreatedhereasabookownedbyMary.
McKitterick,105.
AcopyofPlutarch'sParallelathatwasonceintheprivatecollectionofHisExcellencyM.
JohnGennadius,aGreekministerattheCourtofStJames's,hasbeennotedashavingabrownbindingbearingthearmsofQueenMaryI.
BurlingtonFineArtsClubExhibitionofBookbindings(London:PrintedfortheBurlingtonFineArtsClub,1891),64.
However,an1895cataloguefromSotheby'sonthesaleofGennadius'scollectionofrarebooksandmanuscriptssuggeststhatthebindingsimplyhastheroyalarmsofEnglandonitandthatthisspecificcopybelongedtoHenryVIII.
CatalogueoftheExtensiveandValuableLibraryofManuscripts&PrintedBooksofHisExcellencyMonsieurJohnGennadius(London:GrydenPress,1895),Lot2384.
TheBurlingtoncataloguealsomentionsamanuscriptwithabind-ingcontainingtwostamps,oneoftheroyalarmsandthebadgeofQueenKatherineofAragonandMary,andtheotherstampoftheTudorbadge.
ItwasonloanbyS.
Sanders,esp.
Burlintgon,9.
IcannotNotes179confirmifthisbindingindeedcanbelinkedtoMary.
HowardNixonhasalsoidentifiedabookboundbytheKingEdwardandQueenMaryBinderwiththearmsandinitialsofMary,"disposedofintheBritishMuseum'sdisastrousduplicatesaleof1769andpromptlyacquiredbyAndrewGiffordwhowasontheMuseum'sstaff.
"ThebookwaslatersoldatSotheby'sonNovember28,1961.
Nixon,"EarlyEnglishgold-tooledbookbindings,"297.
IcannotconfirmNixon'sfindingsbecausethebookisnowprivatelyowned.
8.
Nixonnotedthatthemajorityofgold-tooledbookbindingsinthefirsthalfofthesixteenthcenturywereeitherforroyallibrariesorforpresentationtotheroyalfamily.
Nixon,"EarlyEnglishgold-tooledbookbindings,"283.
9.
WilliamShermansuggeststhatatleast20percentofearlymodernbookscontainmarginalia.
Sherman,UsedBooks:MarkingReadersinRenaissanceEngland(Philadelphia:UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress,2008),5.
10.
Loach,Parliament,77–78.
11.
BritishLibrary,Davis87.
12.
BritishLibrary,C.
66.
f.
2.
13.
SimonRenardgaveMaryatranslationofThucydides.
Thiscouldbethatcopy.
LetterfromRenardtotheEmperor,March22,1554.
CaldendarofLetters,Despatches,andStatePapers,RelatingtotheNegotiationsBetweenEnglandandSpain,preservedintheArchivesatVienna,Simancas,BesanconandBrussels,ed.
RoyallTyler,Vol.
12(London:HisMajesty'sStationeryOffice,1949),168.
14.
SeeBritishLibrary,C.
65.
gg.
6;C.
46.
c.
1.
15.
SeeBritishLibrary,C.
24.
c.
15;C.
27.
e.
13;LambethPalaceLibrary,H4654.
(L5).
16.
BritishLibrary,SloaneMS2565.
17.
IcanfindnorecordofwhoinheritedMary'sbooksuponherdeath.
Mary'swillbequeathedallofherbelongingstoanychildrenhadbyherandPhilip.
Asshehadnochildren,Mary'sbelongingscouldhavebeendistributedamongmembersofherhousehold,giventoElizabeth,orevenplacedinchestsandsecuredwithintheTower.
18.
BritishLibrary,HarleyMS3444.
19.
King'sCollege,CambridgeMS24.
20.
MontagueRhodesJames,ADescriptiveCatalogueoftheManuscriptsotherthanOrientalintheLibraryofKing'sCollege,Cambridge(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1895),42.
21.
Hobson,Bindings,76.
PlateXXVIisthefrontcoverofthebook.
22.
Hobson,Bindings,76.
23.
SeeBL,Davis87;BL,C.
65.
gg.
6;LambethPalaceLibrary,H4654.
(L5).
BL,C.
66.
f.
2hasawatermarkofwhatappearstobeamugwithflowerscomingoutofit.
180Notes24.
JossedeHarchies,Proinstaurationereipublicaeanglproque;illustri-simidominiReginaldiPoli.
sanctaeRomanaeecclesiaetitulisanctaemar-iaeincosmedim,diaconicardinalis,sedisapostolicaelegatialatere.
OratioadprudentissimumsenatumAngl.
AuthoreIodocoHarchioMontensi(London:JohnCawood,1554).
STC12753.
25.
LambethPalaceLibraryResearchGuide,MaryTudor.
http://www.
lambethpalacelibrary.
org/files/Mary_Tudor.
pdf.
Accessed1November2013.
26.
LambethPalaceLibrary,F298.
(L8).
27.
LambethPalaceLibrary,H2015.
(A21550).
28.
LambethPalaceLibrary,H4654.
(L5).
29.
LambethPalaceLibrary,H2000.
Q8.
30.
ThetwobooksnotboundbytheKingEdwardandQueenMaryBinderareboundinredleatherandhavegoldandblackdecora-tiveinlays.
H2000.
Q8andH2015.
(A21550).
Bothwereprintedonthecontinentandcontainreligioussubjectmatter,onebeingaLatinbreviaryandtheotheraLatinmissal.
TheresearchguidesuggeststhattheywerepresentationcopiesforMary.
However,itdoesnotseemlikelybecausethereareplacesoneachofthebind-ingswherethebinder/presentercouldhavemadethebindingsper-sonaltoMary,suchasaddingherinitialsorcoatofarms,butdidnot.
Therefore,itcannotbeconfirmedthatthesetwobookseverbelongedtoMary.
31.
BritishLibrary,ArundelMS151,f.
195.
TheletterisinEnglish.
HereIhavequotedthemodernspellingasprovidedbythereprintoftheletterinLettersandPapers,ForeignandDomestic,oftheReignofHenryVIII,JamesGairdner,ed.
,Vol.
6(London,1882),entry1126.
32.
ReprintedinLoades,MaryTudor,365.
Acruseisatypeofcup.
33.
JamesCarley,Books,110.
34.
BindingIndex.
http://www.
bl.
uk/reshelp/pdfs/bindings_index_a-z_2013.
pdf.
AccessedNovember1,2013.
35.
BritishLibraryshelfmarksC.
27.
e.
13;C.
64.
dd.
11;C.
66.
d.
17;C.
66.
f.
2;C.
24.
c.
15;C.
46.
c.
1;690.
f.
13;andC.
65.
gg.
6.
36.
Twoofthebookslistedhaveturnedoutnottohavebindingsiden-tifiabletoMary.
ThefirstisC.
64.
dd.
11.
Thebookisinitsorigi-nalbinding,butitisobviouslynotbytheKingEdwardandQueenMaryBinder.
Thefrontandbackcoversareredleatherwithagoldborder,coatofarms,andinitials"M.
R.
"HoweverthecoatofarmsisthatofMaryofModena,wifeofKingJamesII.
Also,thecoatofarmsismoreornatethanthatbelongingtoMaryTudorandthecrownabovethecoatofarmsisthewrongcrowntobethatofMaryTudor.
Moretellingly,theprintedbookinsidethebind-ingisATreatiseofPolicyandReligion,printedbyThomasFarmerin1696.
Therefore,C.
64.
dd.
11shouldnolongerbeidentifiedashav-ingbelongedtoQueenMaryI.
Thesecondisshelfmark690.
f.
13.
Notes181Itisboundinbrownleatherandcontainsnomarkingsoneitherthefrontorbackcovers.
Theleatherisinverybadcondition;itisrough,rubbingoff,andappearspitted.
Thespinehassomegoldmarkingsandanabbreviatedtitle.
ItbearssomeresemblancetothespinesdonebytheKingEdwardandQueenMaryBinder,butthecoversdonot,astheyarenotnearlyassoftorinasgoodcondi-tion.
TheprintedbookitselfisDuplexLavacruminCoenaDominifidelibusexhibitumbyFr.
FranciscusOrlendus.
ItwasprintedinFlorencein1710.
Asthedateofthebookandthedifferentbindingshow,thereisnowaythatthisbookwasmadebytheKingEdwardandQueenMaryBinderorwaseverevenownedbyMary.
37.
BritishLibraryC.
65.
gg.
6.
38.
BritishLibraryC.
24.
c.
15.
39.
BritishLibraryC.
27.
e.
13.
40.
G.
D.
HobsonidentifiedBritishLibraryC.
27.
I.
13asabookprintedin1555andboundbytheQueenMaryBinder(beforetheKingEdwardandQueenMaryBinderwasidentifiedasthesameshop).
Hobson,Bindings,78.
However,theBritishLibrarydoesnothaveanybookinitscataloguewiththatshelfnumber.
ThereisaC.
27.
i.
3,whichisabookthatwasprintedinParisin1556,butitisinbind-ingdated1695.
Therefore,Isuggestthatthiswasatypographicalerror,andthebookthatHobsonidentifiedwasreallyC.
27.
e.
13,whichmatchesHobson'sdescription.
Hobsonmayhavealsomis-identifiedTrinityCollege(Cambridge)Sel.
d.
55.
4asboundbytheKingEdwardandQueenMaryBinderandfirstownedbyMary.
Hobson,Bindings,76.
However,abriefsearchofthelibrarycata-loguesofTrinityCollegerevealsthatD.
55.
4isacopyofDante'sLaDiviniacommeidathatwasprintedin1889,sothatisobviouslynotabookownedbyMary,andthatSel.
d.
55.
4isnotacurrentclassmarkinthelibrary.
AsHobson'sstudywasdonein1929,itispossiblethatthebookhementionedhaschangedlibrariesorhasbeengivenanewcallnumber.
Therefore,thisbook,untillocated,cannotbeconfirmedashavingbelongedinMaryTudor'spersonallibrary.
IhavecomeacrossareferencetoTrinityCollege,C.
20.
30,Anuni-formeandcatholykeprymerinLatinandEnglish,thatwasprintedin1555.
ThisbookmayhavebeenboundinwhiteleatherbytheKingEdwardandQueenMaryBinderwiththeinitials"M.
R.
"imprintedonthebinding,butIcannotconfirmthisreference.
41.
Wizeman,TheTheology,26.
WizemannotesthatBonner'sbookwasusedinparishesforcatechism.
42.
GinaAlexander,"BonnerandtheMarianPersecutions,"inTheEnglishReformationRevised,ed.
ChristopherHaigh,Revised2000(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1987),170.
43.
M.
M.
Foot,"Bookbinding1400–1557,"inTheCambridgeHistoryoftheBookinBritain,Vol.
III,ed.
LotteHellingaandJ.
B.
Trapp182Notes(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1999),122.
FoothasalsosuggestedthattheGreenwichBinderwasactuallymorepartialtowhitegoat-skinleatherbindingsthanwastheKingEdwardandQueenMaryBinder,112.
44.
MertonCollege,Oxford,27.
C.
2.
45.
IwouldliketothankDr.
JuliaWalworth,aFellowLibarianofMertonCollege,forsendingmeinformationonthisbookaswellaslookingthroughitforsignsofreadership.
46.
MaggsBrosLtd.
,BookbindingintheBritishIsles(OverWallop,Hampshire:B.
A.
S.
PrintersLimited,1996).
47.
MaggsBrosLtd.
,12–13.
Aphotocopyofthefontcoverisonpage13.
48.
HeinrichBullinger,Abriefandcompendiousetable,inamanerofacon-cordaunceopenyngthewayetotheprincipallhistoriesofthewholeBible,andthemostecommonarticlesgroundedandcomprehendedintheneweTestamentandolde,inmanerasamplyasdoeththegreatconcordaunceoftheBible(London:S.
Mierdman,1550).
STC17117.
49.
TamaraAtkinandA.
S.
G.
Edwards,"Printers,PublishersandPromotersto1558,"27–44,at36,andAlanCoates,"TheLatinTradeinEnglandandAbroad,"45–58,at46,inACompaniontotheEarlyPrintedBookinBritain,1476–1558,ed.
VincentGillespieandSusanPowell(Cambridge:D.
S.
Brewer,2014).
50.
AndrewPettegree,"PrintingandtheReformation:TheEnglishexception,"inTheBeginningsofEnglishProtestantism,ed.
PeterMarshallandAlecRyrie(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2002),178.
51.
Heroriginalwillnolongerexists,butacopyofitwasmadebyGeorgeHarbinintheeighteenthcentury.
Harbin'stranscriptofMary'swillhassincebeenreprinted.
SeePrivyPurseExpenses(FIX),clxxxv–ccv;J.
M.
Stone,TheHistoryofMaryI,QueenofEngland,asFoundinthePublicRecords,DespatchesofAmbassadors,inOriginalPrivateLetters,andOtherContemporaryDocuments(London:Sands&co.
,1901),507–520;andLoades,MaryTudor,370–383.
52.
ForthisgiftlistIwillbecitingfromthereprintededitioninLoades,MaryTudor,358–369.
53.
HuntingtonLibrary,HM121.
54.
SeeC.
W.
Dutschke,GuidetoMedievalandRenaissanceManuscriptsintheHuntingtonLibrary,Vol.
1(SanMarino,CA:HuntingtonLibrary,1989),154–155.
55.
Dutschke,Guide,154.
56.
BritishLibraryHarleyMS3444.
57.
NatalieZemonDavissuggeststhat"gift-givingwassupposedtobeagracious,courteous,orfriendlytransaction,inwhichtheobliga-tionforreturnwasnotmadeexplicityandgratitudewasexpected.
"Davis,TheGift,131.
Notes18358.
Loades,TheReignofMaryTudor,6.
59.
JamesCarley,Books,142.
60.
SusanE.
James,KaterynParr:TheMakingofaQueen(Aldershot:Ashgate,1999),435.
61.
BritishLibrary,AdditionalMS46,348,ff.
205–209.
Theinven-toryhassincebeenreprintedintwomoderneditions.
SeeSusanE.
James,KaterynParr,435–442andCarley,Libraries,277–279.
62.
JamesandCarleyhaveslightlydifferingaccountsoftheSudeleyChestinventory.
Here,IhavecitedCarley,whokepttheoriginalspelling.
63.
PsalmesorPrayerstakenoutofholyescripture(London:ThomasBerthelet,April25,1544).
STC3002.
JohnFisher,PsalmiseuPrecationesexvariisscripturaelociscollectae(Cologne:1525)and(London:ThomasBerthelet,1544).
STC2995.
ForallreferencestoPsalmesorPrayers,seeJanelMueller,KatherineParr:CompleteWorksandCorrespondence(Chicago:ChicagoUniversityPress,2011),621–626.
64.
ThomasCranmer,AnExhortationvntoprayer.
.
.
tobereadineuerychurchaforeprocessyons.
Alsoaletaniewithsuffragestobesaidorsonginthetymeofthesaidprocessyons(London:ThomasBerthelet,May27,1544).
STC10622.
65.
W.
SaltBrassingtonhasnotedthatPrincessMaryoftenwroteinscriptionsinbooksbelongingtoherfriends.
Healsomentioneda"recentTudorExhibition"whichhadmanybooksondisplaythatcontainedsuchdescriptions.
W.
SaltBrassington,HistoricBindingsintheBodleianLibrary(London:SampsonLow,MarstonandCompany,1891),52.
ItappearsasthoughtherewasanExhibitionoftheRoyalHouseofTudoratTheNewGalleryonRegentStreetin1890,oneyearbeforeBrassingtonpublishedhisdirectory.
ThecatalogueoftheTudorExhibitionrevealsthattheexhibitiondis-playedthousandsofTudor-eraitems,includingbooks,portraits,andphysicalremainsofMary.
However,thecataloguenevermen-tionsanyinscriptionswrittenbyMary,soBrassington'sclaimcan-notbeconfirmed.
66.
BodleianLibrary,MSAuct.
D.
inf.
2.
13.
PreviouslyMS3083.
67.
TheinscriptionisreprintedinBrassington,HistoricBindingsintheBodleianLibrary,51–52andWilliamDunnMacRay,AnnalsoftheBodleianLibrary,Oxford,2nded.
(Oxford:ClarendonPress,1890),52–53.
68.
MadanFalconer,H.
H.
E.
Craster,andN.
Denholm-Young,eds.
,ASummaryCatalogueofWesternManuscriptsintheBodleianLibraryatOxford,Vol.
II,PartI(Oxford:ClarendonPress,1895–1953),586.
Brassington,HistoricBindingsintheBodleianLibrary,51–52.
69.
BodleianLibrary,Laud.
MSMiscell.
i.
70.
MacRay,Annals,54.
184Notes71.
Carley,Libraries,268.
72.
AscitedinCarley,Libraries,268.
73.
Carley,Libraries,272.
Loades,MaryTudor,119.
74.
T.
A.
Birrell,EnglishMonarchsandtheirBooks:fromHenryVIItoCharlesII.
ThesecondPanizziLecture,1986(London:TheBritishLibrary,1987),21–23.
75.
Birrell,EnglishMonarchs,21.
IcannotfindabookintheBritishLibrarycataloguethatmatchesthisdescription,thoughthebookcouldbeoneheldinanotherlibraryinGreatBritain.
76.
Birrell,EnglishMonarchs,21.
IcannotfindabookintheBritishLibrarycataloguethatmatchesthisdescription,yettherearesev-eralbooksbyGagnaeusintheirholdings.
77.
Birrell,EnglishMonarchs,21–22.
ThismaybeBritishLibrary,C.
72.
a.
1.
Thisisa1545MargaritaEvangelica,butthelibrarycata-loguegivesnoindicationthatthiswaseverownedbyMary.
78.
Birrell,EnglishMonarchs,22.
ThisisprobablyBritishLibrary,847.
c.
13.
(2.
).
79.
Birrell,EnglishMonarchs,22.
80.
BritishLibrary,C.
27.
e.
13.
81.
Queen'sCollege,Cambridge,MS13.
82.
M.
R.
James,ADescriptiveCatalogueoftheWesternManuscriptsintheLibraryofQueens'CollegeCambridge(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1905),14–16.
83.
Hobson,Bindings,1484.
McConica,Humanists,132.
85.
Birrell,EnglishMonarchs,22–23.
86.
ProbablyBritishLibrary,478.
a.
5.
87.
ProbablyBritishLibrary,697.
l.
17.
88.
Edwards,MaryI,261.
89.
Edwards,MaryI,260.
90.
BritishLibrary,C.
47.
i.
4.
91.
Birrell,EnglishMonarchs,23.
92.
BritishLibrary,G.
10247isthatfromLouisXIII'slibrary.
TheothertwoareshelfmarksC.
38.
g.
2and88.
k.
4.
93.
TheBritishLibraryhasacopy,697.
f.
25.
(5.
),butMarycouldhaveownedanycopyofthisbook.
94.
Loades,ReignofMaryTudor,56.
95.
Carley,"Writings,"50.
96.
GeorgeF.
WarnerandJuliusP.
Gilson,eds.
,CatalogueofWesternManuscriptsintheOldRoyalandKing'sCollectionsintheBritishMuseum,Vol.
1(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1921),xvii.
97.
Carley,Books,149.
98.
MuséeCondé,MS1695.
99.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS2B.
III.
100.
WarnerandGilson,CatalogueofWesternManuscripts,Vol.
1,39.
Notes185101.
DeirdreJackson,"Psalter,"inRoyalManuscripts:TheGeniusofIllumination,ed.
ScotMcKendrick,JohnLowdenandKathleenDoyle(London:TheBritishLibrary,2011),267.
102.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS2B.
VII.
103.
BritishLibrary,RoyalMS2B.
XV104.
PierpointMorganLibrary,W14B.
105.
Carley,Books,144–145.
106.
HoraeinLaudemBeatissimeVirginisMariaeadUsumRomanum(Lyon:RobertGranjon,1558).
ThisparticularcopyisheldbyStonyhurstCollege.
107.
IwouldliketothankMrs.
JanGraffiusatStonyhurstforprovidingmecolorimagesofthecovers.
108.
SeeJanGraffius,"TheStuartRelicsintheStonyhurstCollections,"RecusantHistory,31(October2012),147–169.
Conclusion1.
Loades,"ThePersonalReligionofMary,"19–20.
2.
BarandaLeturio,"Women'sReadingHabits,"23.
3.
BarandaLeturio,"Women'sReadingHabits,"21.
4.
Birrell,EnglishMonarchs,23.
5.
Loades,ReignofMaryTudor,112.
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Forty-sixLives.
London:EarlyEnglishTextSociety,1943.
Asupplicacyontothequenesmaiestie,51–2Angell,John,76–7AnneofCleves,22,23,25,27,28,29,38,98AnthonyofGuevara,79Aquinas,Thomas,85,87ArnobiusofSicca,126–7,128Arthur,PrinceofWales,35Ashton,John,46–7Bacon,Nicholas,66Bale,John,53Basset,James,94Basset,MaryClarke,90,93–5,99Beaufort,LadyMargaret,1,3,4–5,7,8–18,31–2,33,34,49,63,66,82–3,89,117,143,144Becon,Thomas,22,30Berthelet,Thomas,25,26,28,30BlanchardynandEglantine,9,11–13Blount,William,21Boleyn,Anne,5,19,20,22,23,24,26,30,34,37–8,39,70,83,91,109,134,139Boleyn,George,82Bonham,William,44–5Bonner,Edmund,120,125,127,134Borde,Andrew,41–2Buchanan,George,35Buller,John,134–5Bush,Paul,40–1Butler,Thomas,138–9Caly,John,56Caly,Robert,57,68,72–3,75,122Cancellar,James,53–5,60–1,73CatholicChurch,1,5,22,50,54,58,68,75,77,78,79,103,119SeealsotruereligionCawood,John,52,61,63,69,70,94,120,123,124,125,129,136Caxton,William,11,12–13,17Cecil,William,105deChampaigne,Petrus,30Chapuys,Eustache,26CharlesV,25–6,103Chaucer,Geoffrey,41,91Christopherson,John,59–60,61,65,93,98,99,130Colas,Hierome,97–8,99Coldewel(Coluile),George,62–4,66,67Cole,Henry,93ConsortsofHenryVIII,1,4,5,7,10,18–32,34,63,84,117,143,144SeealsoAnneBoleyn,AnneofCleves,JaneSeymour,vKatherineHoward,KatherineofAragon,KatherineParrCope,Anthony,22,30Copeland,William,41,42,44Courtenay,Edward,52,53Coverdale,Miles,20,22Cranmer,Thomas,19,26,42,47,51,97,131,132Cromwell,Thomas,19,27,42,82,83Cruser,Herman,98–9Day,John,30Dee,John,118–19Denny,Anthony,97INDEX206IndexDeny,Hugh,18Dudley,Henry,52Duwes,Giles,23,30,36,37–40,41,145Eden,Richard,105–6EdwardIV,106,118,141EdwardVI,4,23,34,45,46,47,48,52,58,59,61,64,65,69,71,76,77,84,85,86,87,91,95,96,97,108,109,119,120,123,130,139ElizabethI,1,2,5,23,37–8,39,40,42,49,51,52,53,61,83,91,94,109,111,119,125,131,140,141,147ElizabethofYork,1,4,5,8,16–18Elyot,Thomas,23,25–30Erasmus,4,21,31,36,45,85,87,127Estienne,Robert,36Eucharius,Roselin,21Faques,Richard,30Faques,William,30Fetherston,Richard,36–7Fisher,BishopJohn,9,11,15,16,131Forrest,William,90–3,147Foxe,John,92,147Gardiner,Stephen,45,134Gaultier,Thomas,44Gerrard,Philip,90,95–6,99–100Godfray,Thomas,30,37Goreti,Leonard,106Grafton,Richard,61,73Granjon,Robery,140Grey,LadyJane,52,53,61,68Harchius,Jodocus,122–3Harford,William,76Hauge,Inghelbert,11,13,14–15HenricianCatholicism,51,57,59,68,71,77,79–80,146,147Henricianreformation,42,47,78HenryVII,4,8,14,15,16,17,18,37,89,118,141HenryVIII,7,18,19,20,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,33,35,36,37–8,40,41,42,46,47–8,51,57,60,70,71,76,82,83,84,85,87,88,89,91,92–3,97,98,106,108,126,131,133,134,135,136,139HenryStuart,PrinceofWales,2,132Herbert,William,64HerefordBreviary,9,13–15Hill,Nicholas,38Hilton,Walter,17Hogarde,Miles,72–5,122,129–30,144Howard,Thomas,DukeofNorfolk,42Hussey,John,134–5Hyrde,Richard,20,29ImitatioChristi,9,10,17IsabellaofCastile,99JaneSeymour,5JoandeValois,24JoannaofCastille,103Jugge,Richard,44–5,61,66Junius,Hadrianus,106–7KatherineofAragon,4,5,19,20,21,22,23–4,25,26,27,28,30,31,35,37,40,51,70,90,91–3,103,108,123,127,136,139Kele,Richard,44–5Kennedy,Gilbert,36KingEdwardandQueenMaryBinder,117,119–28,129,134,136,140Kingston,John,66Lambert,Frances,22Lant,Richard,92Latimer,Hugh,22Latimer,William,22Linacre,Thomas,35–6,40,91Luther,Martin,21,24TheLyfofSayntUrsula,16Lynne,Walter,127Mallet,Francis,97Mameranus,Nicholas,114Index207Margaret,DuchessofBurgundy,13MargaretAnjou,14MargaretHolland,DuchessofClarence,9MargueriteofNavarre,23Marot,Clément,4Marshall,William,19,23,30Martin,Thomas,73,108–11Martyr,Peter,105MaryIbirth,5Catholicrestoration,58–9,73,77,79–80,119,137,141ClassicalLiteratureandPhilosophy,62–8,80,81,90,99comparisonwithJudith,76–7comparisonwithVirginMary,46,47,73,76–7,87–8dedications,1–8,143–6dedicationssharedwithPhilip,105–15DudleyConspiracy,52,54education,20–1,47,49,62,67,128,145gender,56–7,60,65health,64HeirtoEdward,46,86humanism,19,60,117KingEdwardandQueenMaryBinder,117,119–28LadyJaneGrey,52malerelativesindedications,69,70,85,87,89marriage,45,54,56,59,75,103,106–7,111,112negotiation,4,6,33,40,47,48,50,60,74,77,82,90,100,110,111,115,122,123,143–5,146obedience,52–62,80papacy,59,62,77–8,146patronage,1,48,60,63,65,67,82,90,99,130,139phantompregnancy,64,75,107–8,112royalprinter,61,69,73translations,22–3truereligion,68–80,81,90,106,108,118,126,144,146virtue,49–50,71–2Wyatt'sRebellion,52–7,59,61–2Mary,QueenofScots,140MaryofHungary,99Melanchthon,Philip,21,24Montague,Henry,79More,Thomas,20,44,90,93,94,95Morren,John,93,98,99Mountjoy,Charles,21Muenster,Sebastian,105Munday,Anthony,79Nicolai,Gilbert,24–5North,Thomas,79OJhesuendlessswetnesoflouyingsoules,16–17Oviedo,Gonzalo,105Parker,Henry,82–90,100,144Parker,Matthew,109–11Parr,Katherine,22–3,28–9,43,45,91,130–2,133,140Parr,William,91Paulet,William,65–6Paynell,Thomas,42–5,46,69–72Petre,William,97–8Petyt,Thomas,43Phaer,Thomas,65–6PhilipII,6,45,52,54,56,57,59,60,63,64,65,66,74–5,75–6,77,78,79,87,88,92,94,96,101,103–15,117,126,129,135,136,137,144,146Plantin,Christopher,135,136Pole,CardinalReginald,61,64,78,79,89,107,118,119,123Ponet,John,109Poulet,Quentin,37Powell,William,45,106Proctor,John,45–7,55–9,60,61,65,68,72208IndexPryne,Rafe,137–8Pynson,Richard,10,11,14,21,24,25,30,35,139,144Rastell,William,94Recorde,Robert,64–5,66,67Redman,John,75Redman,Robert,30,135Revel,Anne,67Revel,Tristram,22,30RichardIII,4Rochford,Jane,82Rolle,Richard,84–5Roos,Mary,18Roper,Margaret,93Russell,Frances,53Rychard,DanThomas,63Savanarola,Girolamo,25Seton,John,68Seymore,Jane,20TheShyppeofFooles,16Sims,Valentine,64Slotan,Johann,107Smith,Baldwin,138Smith,Richard,78Smyth,Thomas,75Taylor,John,23,51Tottell,Richard,94ToyeRobert,44truereligion,6,68–80,81,97,106,146SeealsoCatholicChurchTunstall,Cuthbert,31,70–1,134Twyne,Thomas,66Tyndale,William,20Udall,Nicholas,22,45Vanderevre,Egidius,51deVillaSancta,Alphonsus,21,24VitaChristi,123–4,126Vives,JuanLuis,20–1,25,29,34–5,36,40,91–2,121,145Waley(Waly),John,44–5,94Walton,John,63Waylande,John,54,73,79White(Whight),John,44–5,68–9WilliamofCleves,98–9WilliamofSaliceto,30Wolfe,Reginald,64,129Wolsey,Thomas,24,31deWorde,Wynkyn,11,15–16,17,144Wriothesley,Jane,97–8,132–3Wriothesley,Thomas,97Wyatt,Thomas,25Wyatt'sRebellion,52–9,61–2,78,96,98,104Yeldard,Arthur,96–7,99Young,Patrick,137