返回SQL数据库语句大全大全(完全整理版).

sql语句大全时间:2021-02-27 阅读:()

SQL语句大全- -语句功能

- -数据操作

SELECT- -从数据库表中检索数据行和列IN SERT- -向数据库表添加新数据行

DELETE- -从数据库表中删除数据行

UPDATE- -更新数据库表中的数据

-数据定义

CREATETABLE- -创建一个数据库表

DROPTABLE- -从数据库中删除表

ALTERTABLE- -修改数据库表结构

CREATE VIEW- -创建一个视图

DROP VIEW- -从数据库中删除视图

CREATE INDEX- -为数据库表创建一个索引DROP INDEX- -从数据库中删除索引

CREATEPROCEDURE- -创建一个存储过程DROPPROCEDURE- -从数据库中删除存储过程CREATE TRIGGER- -创建一个触发器

DROP TRIGGER- -从数据库中删除触发器CREATESCHEMA- -向数据库添加一个新模式DROPSCHEMA- -从数据库中删除一个模式

CREATEDOMAIN- -创建一个数据值域

ALTERDOMAIN- -改变域定义

DROPDOMAIN- -从数据库中删除一个域

- -数据控制

GRANT- -授予用户访问权限

DENY- -拒绝用户访问

REVOKE- -解除用户访问权限

- -事务控制

COMMIT- -结束当前事务

ROLLBACK- -中止当前事务

SET TRANSACTION- -定义当前事务数据访问特征- -程序化SQL

DECLARE- -为查询设定游标

EXPLAN- -为查询描述数据访问计划

OPEN- -检索查询结果打开一个游标

FETCH- -检索一行查询结果

CLOSE- -关闭游标

PREPARE- -为动态执行准备SQL语句

EXECUTE- -动态地执行SQL语句

DESCRIBE- -描述准备好的查询

- - -局部变量declare @id char(10)

- -set @id= ' 10010001 'select @id= ' 10010001 '

- - -全局变量

- - -必须以@@开头

- -IF ELSEdeclare @xint @yint @zintselect @x= 1 @y=2@z=3if @x>@yprint 'x >y' - -打印字符串'x >y'else if @y>@zprint 'y >z'else print 'z >y'

- -CASEuse panguupdate employeeset e_wage =casewhen job_level = ’1’ then e_wage*1 .08when job_level = ’2’ then e_wage*1 .07when job_level = ’3’ then e_wage*1 .06else e_wage*1 .05end

- -WHILE CONTINUE BREAKdeclare @xint @yint @cint

select @x= 1 @y=1while @x<3beginprint @x- -打印变量x的值while @y<3beginselect @c= 100*@x+@yprint @c- -打印变量c的值select @y=@y+ 1endselect @x=@x+ 1select @y= 1end

- -WAITFOR

- -例等待1小时2分零3秒后才执行SELECT语句waitfor delay ’01:02:03’select * from employee

- -例等到晚上11点零8分后才执行SELECT语句waitfor t ime ’23:08:00’select * from employee

***SELECT***select *(列名) from table_name(表名) where column_name operator valueex: (宿主)select * from stock_information where stockid = str(nid)stockname = ' str_name'stockname l ike '%find this %'stockname l ike ' [a-zA-Z]%' - - - - - - - - - ( [ ]指定值的范围)

stockname l ike ' [^F-M]%' - - - - - - - - - (^排除指定范围)

- - - - - - - - -只能在使用l ike关键字的where子句中使用通配符)or stockpath = ' stock_path'or stocknumber < 1000and stockindex =24not stock*** = 'man'stocknumber between 20 and 100stocknumber in(10,20,30)order by stockid desc(asc) - - - - - - - - -排序 desc-降序 asc-升序order by 1,2 - - - - - - - - - by列号stockname = (select stockname from stock_information where stockid =

- - - - - - - - - 子查询

- - - - - - - - -除非能确保内层select只返回一个行的值

- - - - - - - - -否则应在外层where子句中用一个in限定符select distinct column_name formtable_name - - - - - - - - - distinct指定检索独有的列值不重复select stocknumber , "stocknumber + 10" = stocknumber + 10 fromtable_nameselect stockname , "stocknumber" =count(*) from table_name group bys tockname

- - - - - - - - - group by将表按行分组,指定列中有相同的值having count(*) =2 - - - - - - - - - having选定指定的组select *from table1 , table2where table1 . id *= table2. id - - - - - - - -左外部连接 table1中有的而table2中没有得以null表示

table1 . id =* table2. id - - - - - - - -右外部连接select stockname fromtable1union [all] - - - - - union合并查询结果集 all-保留重复行select stockname fromtable2

***insert***insert into table_name (Stock_name,Stock_number) value ("xxx" ,"xxxx")value (select Stockname , Stocknumber from Stock_table2)-- -value为select语句

***update***update table_name set Stockname = "xxx" [where Stockid = 3]

Stockname =default

Stockname =nul l

Stocknumber = Stockname +4

***delete***delete from table_name where Stockid = 3truncate table_name - - - - - - - - - - -删除表中所有行仍保持表的完整性drop table table_name- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -完全删除表

***alter table*** - - -修改数据库表结构alter table database.owner. table_name add column_name char(2)nu l l . . . . .sp_help table_name - - - -显示表已有特征create table table_name (name char(20) , age smallint, lnamevarchar(30))insert into table_name select . . . . . . . . . - - - - -实现删除列的方法创建新表alter table table_name drop constraint Stockname_default - - - -删除Stockname的default约束

***function(/*常用函数*/)***

- - - -统计函数- - - -

AVG- -求平均值

COUNT- -统计数目

MAX- -求最大值

MIN- -求最小值

SUM- -求和

- -AVGuse panguselect avg(e_wage) as dept_avgWagefrom employeegroup by dept_id

- -MAX

- -求工资最高的员工姓名use panguselect e_namefrom employeewhere e_wage =

(select max(e_wage)from employee)

- -STDEV()