EOI_INDUCEDivybridge
ivybridge 时间:2021-03-28 阅读:()
MessagePassingWorkloadsinKVMDavidMatlack,dmatlack@google.
com1MessagePassingWorkloadsLoopbackTCP_RRIPIandHLTDISCLAIMER:x86andIntelVT-xHaltPollingInterruptsandquestionsarewelcome!
Overview2Usually,anythingthatfrequentlyswitchesbetweenrunningandidle.
Event-drivenworkloadsMemcacheLAMPserversRedisMultithreadedworkloadsusinglowlatencywait/signalprimitivesforcoordination.
WindowsEventObjectspthread_cond_wait/pthread_cond_signalInter-processcommunicationTCP_RR(benchmark)MessagePassingWorkloads3Intuition:Workloadswhichdon'tinvolveIOvirtualizationshouldrunatnearnativeperformance.
Reality:MessagePassingWorkloadsmaynotinvolveanyIObutwillstillperformnXworsethannative.
(loopback)Memcache:2xhigherlatency.
WindowsEventObjects:3-4xhigherlatency.
MessagePassingWorkloads4MessagePassingWorkloads2.
Receive1bytefromclient.
Send1byteback.
1.
Send1bytetoserver.
3.
Receive1bytefromserver.
Microbenchmark:LoopbackTCP_RRClientandServerping-pong1-byteofdataoveranestablishedTCPconnection.
Loopback:Nonetworkingdevices(realorvirtual)involved.
Performance:Latencyofeachtransaction.
Onetransaction:(idle)(idle)(idle)ClientServer5LoopbackTCP_RRPerformance6Host:IvyBridge3.
11KernelGuest:DebianWheezyBackports(3.
16Kernel)3xhigherlatency25usslowerMessagePassingon1CPUContextSwitchMessagePassingon>1CPUInterprocessor-InterruptsWhat'sgoingonunderthehoodVMEXITsareagoodplacetostartlooking.
KVMhasbuilt-inVMEXITcountersandtimers.
perf-kvm(1)VirtualOverheadsofTCP_RR7VirtualOverheadsofTCP_RRTotalNumberofVMEXITsVMEXITs/Transaction1VCPU2VCPU1VCPU2VCPUEXTERNAL_INTERRUPT16705123710.
020.
07MSR_WRITE259917043340.
009.
58IO_INSTRUCTION17867620.
000.
00EOI_INDUCED613250.
000.
00EXCEPTION_NMI289310.
000.
00CPUID2521120.
000.
00CR_ACCESS1712720.
000.
00HLT343543930.
001.
99EPT_VIOLATION200.
000.
00PAUSE_INSTRUCTION020140.
000.
012HLTperTransaction10MSR_WRITEperTransaction8HLTsofTCP_RR2HLTCPUinstruction.
StopexecutinginstructionsonthisCPUuntilaninterruptarrives.
VCPUwishestostopexecutinginstructions.
GuestOShasdecidedthatthereisnothingtodo.
Nothingtodo==idle.
Messagepassingworkloadsswitchbetweenrunningandidle.
.
.
910MSR_WRITE"WritetoModelSpecificRegister"instructionexecutedintheguest.
8APICTimer"InitialCount"Register(MSR838)Writtentostartaper-CPUtimer.
"Startcountingdownandfireaninterruptwhenyougettozero.
"ArtifactofNOHZguestkernel.
2APICInterruptCommandRegister(MSR830)Usedtosendinterprocessor-interrupts(IPI).
Usedtodeliver"messages"betweenclient/serverprocessesrunningonseparateCPUs.
MSR_WRITEsofTCP_RR10VMEXITsofTCP_RRVMEXITSAPICTimerRegisterAPICInterruptCommandRegister(IPI)HLTclientclientidleserveridleidle1.
Send1bytetoserver.
Waitforresponse.
2.
Receive1bytefromclient.
Send1byteback.
3.
Receive1bytefromserver.
VCPU0VCPU111HLTHLTHLTIPIIPIAPICTIMERAPICTIMERAPICTIMERAPICTIMERVMEXITsofTCP_RRVMEXITSAPICTimerRegisterAPICInterruptCommandRegister(IPI)HLTclientclientidleserveridleidle1.
Send1bytetoserver.
Waitforresponse.
2.
Receive1bytefromclient.
Send1byteback.
3.
Receive1bytefromserver.
VCPU0VCPU112HLTHLTHLTIPIIPIAPICTIMERAPICTIMERAPICTIMERAPICTIMERCriticalPath8pertransaction4onthecriticalpathNOHZ(ticklessguestkernel)"Disable"scheduler-tickuponenteringidle.
"Enable"scheduler-tickuponleavingidle.
scheduler-tick==APICTimer(couldalsobeTSCDeadlineTimer)Why2writespertransitioninto/outofidlehrtimer_cancelhrtimer_startAdds3-5ustoround-triplatency.
APICTimer"InitialCount"Register13HLT:x86Instruction.
CPUstopsexecutinginstructionsuntilaninterruptarrives.
ThispartofHLTisnotonthecriticalpath!
HowitworksinKVMPlaceVCPUthreadonawaitqueue.
YieldtheCPUtoanotherthread.
HLTkvm_vcpu_block->schedule()VMEXITHLTcontextswitchtoanotherusertask,kernelthread,oridleVCPU(guest)PCPU(KVM)14kvm_sched_outSendinganIPItowakeupaHLT-edCPU.
Onthecriticalpath!
IPI+HLTWRMSR:APICInterruptCommandRegisterkvm_vcpu_kickreturnfromschedule()inkvm_vcpu_block()vmx_vcpu_runIPIISRVMEXITVMRESUMEVCPU1VCPU0(HLT-ed)guesthostkvm_sched_in*VMEXITandVMRESUMEimplementedinHardware.
time15SendinganIPItowakeupaHLT-edCPU.
Onthecriticalpath!
Sameoperationonbaremetalisentirelyimplementedinhardware.
HowmuchoverheadfromvirtualizationUnlikeAPIC_TMICT,can'tjusttimeVMEXITs.
Wecancomparewiththesameoperationonphysicalhardware.
IPI+HLT16KVMversusHardwareRing0Microbenchmark(kvm-unit-tests)1.
VCPU0:HLT.
2.
~100usdelay3.
VCPU1:A=RDTSC4.
VCPU1:SendIPIto[V]CPU0.
5.
VCPU0:B=RDTSC(firstinstructionofIPIISR).
6.
Latency=B-A7.
Repeat.
RuninKVMguestandonbare-metal.
Compare!
17VMRESUMEWRMSRkvm_vcpu_kickreturnfromschedule()inkvm_vcpu_block()vmx_vcpu_runIPIISRVMEXITVCPU1VCPU0(HLT-ed)guesthostkvm_sched_intimeKVMversusHardwareA=RDTSCB=RDTSC18Median:KVMis12xslowerPathologicalcase(witnessed):KVMis400xslowerBestcase(witnessed):KVMis11xslowerKVM:5.
7us;Hardware:0.
5usKVMversusHardwareCyclesKVMHardwareMin137001200Average15800120050%ile14900120090%ile16000130099%ile249001300Max5210001400Host:SandyBridge@2.
6GHz3.
11KernelKVMperformanceissimilaronIvyBridge(5.
6us)andHaswell(4.
9us).
19Notesaboutthisbenchmark:NoguestFPUtosave/restore.
Hostotherwiseidle(VCPUcontextswitchestoidleonHLT).
Hostpowermanagementnottheculprit.
KVMversusHardware20KVMHLTInternalsSoKVMisslowatdeliveringIPIsand/orcomingoutofHLT.
ButwhyPossibleculprits:WRMSRvmx_vcpu_runIPIISRVMEXITVMRESUMEVCPU1VCPU0(HLT-ed)kvm_sched_intimereturnfromschedule()inkvm_vcpu_block()kvm_vcpu_kick21VMRESUMEvmx_vcpu_runkvm_vcpu_kickKVMHLTInternalsSoKVMisslowatdeliveringIPIsand/orcomingoutofHLT.
ButwhyPossibleculprits:WRMSRIPIISRVMEXITVCPU1VCPU0(HLT-ed)kvm_sched_intimereturnfromschedule()inkvm_vcpu_block()22RDTSCRDTSCRDTSCRDTSCRDTSCKVMHLTInternalsWRMSRkvm_vcpu_kickreturnfromschedule()inkvm_vcpu_block()vmx_vcpu_runIPIISRVMEXITVMRESUMEMin(cycles):400600730032001300VCPU1VCPU0guesthostVT-xKVMSchedulerkvm_sched_in:4924001200850034001400Median(cycles):23Unsurprisingly,theschedulertakessometimetoruntheVCPUSlowevenintheuncontended,cache-hot,case.
ImagineiftheVCPUiscontendingforCPUtimewithotherthreads.
Experiment:Don'tscheduleonHLT.
JustpollfortheIPIinkvm_vcpu_block.
KVMHLTInternals24Whathappenswhenyoudon'tscheduleonHLTKVM(Alwaysschedule)5.
7usKVM(Neverschedule)1.
7usHardware(SandyBridge)0.
5usNeverschedule!
CyclesKVM(Alwaysschedule)KVM(Neverschedule)HardwareMin1380040001200Average158004400120050%ile149004300120090%ile160004500130099%ile2490069001300Max52100050000140025SimilarimprovementsonIvyBridge(5.
6us->1.
6us)Haswell(4.
9us->1.
5us).
Neverschedule!
WRMSRkvm_vcpu_kickreturnfromschedule()inkvm_vcpu_block()vmx_vcpu_runIPIISRVMEXITVMRESUMEAlwaysschedule:4001200850034001400VCPU1VCPU0guesthostVT-xKVMSchedulerNeverschedule:300130011004001200(mediancycles)26Neverschedule!
WeeliminatealmostallofthelatencyoverheadbynotschedulingonHLT.
Schedulingisoftentherightthingtodo.
LetotherthreadsrunorsavehostCPUpower.
Mostofthetimeimprovesguestperformance(lettheIOthreadsrun!
).
Canhurtperformance.
Seemicrobenchmark.
SeeTCP_RR.
27Halt-PollingStep1:PollForuptoXnanoseconds:IfataskiswaitingtorunonourCPU,gotoStep2.
Checkifaguestinterruptarrived.
Ifso,wearedone.
Repeat.
Step2:schedule()Scheduleoutuntilit'stimetocomeoutofHLT.
Pros:WorksonshortHLTs(Cons:IncreasesCPUusage(~1%foridleVCPUsifX=200,000ns)Doesnotappeartonegativelyaffectturboofactivecores.
28Halt-PollingMemcache:1.
5xlatencyimprovementWindowsEventObjects:2xlatencyimprovementReducemessagepassinglatencyby10-15us(includingnetworklatency).
29Halt-PollingMergedintothe4.
0kernel[PATCH]kvm:addhalt_poll_nsmoduleparameterThankstoPaoloBonziniUsetheKVMmoduleparameterhalt_poll_nstocontrolhowlongtopolloneachHLT.
Futureimprovements:Automaticpolltoggling(removeidleCPUoverheadbyturningpollingoff).
Automatichalt_poll_nsKVMwillset(andvary)halt_poll_nsdynamically.
Howtodothisisanopenquestion.
.
.
ideasLazyContextSwitchingEquivalentfeature,butavailableforanykernelcomponenttouse.
30ConclusionMessagePassingEvenloopbackmessagepassingrequiresvirtualization.
Beingidle(asaLinuxguest)requiresvirtualization.
Cross-CPUcommunicationrequiresvirtualization.
Halt-Pollingsaves10-15usonmessagepassinground-triplatency.
Remaininground-triplatency:4MSRwritestotheAPICtimer(3-5us)IPIsend(~2us)HLTwakeup(evenwithhalt-polling,stilladds~3us!
)31
com1MessagePassingWorkloadsLoopbackTCP_RRIPIandHLTDISCLAIMER:x86andIntelVT-xHaltPollingInterruptsandquestionsarewelcome!
Overview2Usually,anythingthatfrequentlyswitchesbetweenrunningandidle.
Event-drivenworkloadsMemcacheLAMPserversRedisMultithreadedworkloadsusinglowlatencywait/signalprimitivesforcoordination.
WindowsEventObjectspthread_cond_wait/pthread_cond_signalInter-processcommunicationTCP_RR(benchmark)MessagePassingWorkloads3Intuition:Workloadswhichdon'tinvolveIOvirtualizationshouldrunatnearnativeperformance.
Reality:MessagePassingWorkloadsmaynotinvolveanyIObutwillstillperformnXworsethannative.
(loopback)Memcache:2xhigherlatency.
WindowsEventObjects:3-4xhigherlatency.
MessagePassingWorkloads4MessagePassingWorkloads2.
Receive1bytefromclient.
Send1byteback.
1.
Send1bytetoserver.
3.
Receive1bytefromserver.
Microbenchmark:LoopbackTCP_RRClientandServerping-pong1-byteofdataoveranestablishedTCPconnection.
Loopback:Nonetworkingdevices(realorvirtual)involved.
Performance:Latencyofeachtransaction.
Onetransaction:(idle)(idle)(idle)ClientServer5LoopbackTCP_RRPerformance6Host:IvyBridge3.
11KernelGuest:DebianWheezyBackports(3.
16Kernel)3xhigherlatency25usslowerMessagePassingon1CPUContextSwitchMessagePassingon>1CPUInterprocessor-InterruptsWhat'sgoingonunderthehoodVMEXITsareagoodplacetostartlooking.
KVMhasbuilt-inVMEXITcountersandtimers.
perf-kvm(1)VirtualOverheadsofTCP_RR7VirtualOverheadsofTCP_RRTotalNumberofVMEXITsVMEXITs/Transaction1VCPU2VCPU1VCPU2VCPUEXTERNAL_INTERRUPT16705123710.
020.
07MSR_WRITE259917043340.
009.
58IO_INSTRUCTION17867620.
000.
00EOI_INDUCED613250.
000.
00EXCEPTION_NMI289310.
000.
00CPUID2521120.
000.
00CR_ACCESS1712720.
000.
00HLT343543930.
001.
99EPT_VIOLATION200.
000.
00PAUSE_INSTRUCTION020140.
000.
012HLTperTransaction10MSR_WRITEperTransaction8HLTsofTCP_RR2HLTCPUinstruction.
StopexecutinginstructionsonthisCPUuntilaninterruptarrives.
VCPUwishestostopexecutinginstructions.
GuestOShasdecidedthatthereisnothingtodo.
Nothingtodo==idle.
Messagepassingworkloadsswitchbetweenrunningandidle.
.
.
910MSR_WRITE"WritetoModelSpecificRegister"instructionexecutedintheguest.
8APICTimer"InitialCount"Register(MSR838)Writtentostartaper-CPUtimer.
"Startcountingdownandfireaninterruptwhenyougettozero.
"ArtifactofNOHZguestkernel.
2APICInterruptCommandRegister(MSR830)Usedtosendinterprocessor-interrupts(IPI).
Usedtodeliver"messages"betweenclient/serverprocessesrunningonseparateCPUs.
MSR_WRITEsofTCP_RR10VMEXITsofTCP_RRVMEXITSAPICTimerRegisterAPICInterruptCommandRegister(IPI)HLTclientclientidleserveridleidle1.
Send1bytetoserver.
Waitforresponse.
2.
Receive1bytefromclient.
Send1byteback.
3.
Receive1bytefromserver.
VCPU0VCPU111HLTHLTHLTIPIIPIAPICTIMERAPICTIMERAPICTIMERAPICTIMERVMEXITsofTCP_RRVMEXITSAPICTimerRegisterAPICInterruptCommandRegister(IPI)HLTclientclientidleserveridleidle1.
Send1bytetoserver.
Waitforresponse.
2.
Receive1bytefromclient.
Send1byteback.
3.
Receive1bytefromserver.
VCPU0VCPU112HLTHLTHLTIPIIPIAPICTIMERAPICTIMERAPICTIMERAPICTIMERCriticalPath8pertransaction4onthecriticalpathNOHZ(ticklessguestkernel)"Disable"scheduler-tickuponenteringidle.
"Enable"scheduler-tickuponleavingidle.
scheduler-tick==APICTimer(couldalsobeTSCDeadlineTimer)Why2writespertransitioninto/outofidlehrtimer_cancelhrtimer_startAdds3-5ustoround-triplatency.
APICTimer"InitialCount"Register13HLT:x86Instruction.
CPUstopsexecutinginstructionsuntilaninterruptarrives.
ThispartofHLTisnotonthecriticalpath!
HowitworksinKVMPlaceVCPUthreadonawaitqueue.
YieldtheCPUtoanotherthread.
HLTkvm_vcpu_block->schedule()VMEXITHLTcontextswitchtoanotherusertask,kernelthread,oridleVCPU(guest)PCPU(KVM)14kvm_sched_outSendinganIPItowakeupaHLT-edCPU.
Onthecriticalpath!
IPI+HLTWRMSR:APICInterruptCommandRegisterkvm_vcpu_kickreturnfromschedule()inkvm_vcpu_block()vmx_vcpu_runIPIISRVMEXITVMRESUMEVCPU1VCPU0(HLT-ed)guesthostkvm_sched_in*VMEXITandVMRESUMEimplementedinHardware.
time15SendinganIPItowakeupaHLT-edCPU.
Onthecriticalpath!
Sameoperationonbaremetalisentirelyimplementedinhardware.
HowmuchoverheadfromvirtualizationUnlikeAPIC_TMICT,can'tjusttimeVMEXITs.
Wecancomparewiththesameoperationonphysicalhardware.
IPI+HLT16KVMversusHardwareRing0Microbenchmark(kvm-unit-tests)1.
VCPU0:HLT.
2.
~100usdelay3.
VCPU1:A=RDTSC4.
VCPU1:SendIPIto[V]CPU0.
5.
VCPU0:B=RDTSC(firstinstructionofIPIISR).
6.
Latency=B-A7.
Repeat.
RuninKVMguestandonbare-metal.
Compare!
17VMRESUMEWRMSRkvm_vcpu_kickreturnfromschedule()inkvm_vcpu_block()vmx_vcpu_runIPIISRVMEXITVCPU1VCPU0(HLT-ed)guesthostkvm_sched_intimeKVMversusHardwareA=RDTSCB=RDTSC18Median:KVMis12xslowerPathologicalcase(witnessed):KVMis400xslowerBestcase(witnessed):KVMis11xslowerKVM:5.
7us;Hardware:0.
5usKVMversusHardwareCyclesKVMHardwareMin137001200Average15800120050%ile14900120090%ile16000130099%ile249001300Max5210001400Host:SandyBridge@2.
6GHz3.
11KernelKVMperformanceissimilaronIvyBridge(5.
6us)andHaswell(4.
9us).
19Notesaboutthisbenchmark:NoguestFPUtosave/restore.
Hostotherwiseidle(VCPUcontextswitchestoidleonHLT).
Hostpowermanagementnottheculprit.
KVMversusHardware20KVMHLTInternalsSoKVMisslowatdeliveringIPIsand/orcomingoutofHLT.
ButwhyPossibleculprits:WRMSRvmx_vcpu_runIPIISRVMEXITVMRESUMEVCPU1VCPU0(HLT-ed)kvm_sched_intimereturnfromschedule()inkvm_vcpu_block()kvm_vcpu_kick21VMRESUMEvmx_vcpu_runkvm_vcpu_kickKVMHLTInternalsSoKVMisslowatdeliveringIPIsand/orcomingoutofHLT.
ButwhyPossibleculprits:WRMSRIPIISRVMEXITVCPU1VCPU0(HLT-ed)kvm_sched_intimereturnfromschedule()inkvm_vcpu_block()22RDTSCRDTSCRDTSCRDTSCRDTSCKVMHLTInternalsWRMSRkvm_vcpu_kickreturnfromschedule()inkvm_vcpu_block()vmx_vcpu_runIPIISRVMEXITVMRESUMEMin(cycles):400600730032001300VCPU1VCPU0guesthostVT-xKVMSchedulerkvm_sched_in:4924001200850034001400Median(cycles):23Unsurprisingly,theschedulertakessometimetoruntheVCPUSlowevenintheuncontended,cache-hot,case.
ImagineiftheVCPUiscontendingforCPUtimewithotherthreads.
Experiment:Don'tscheduleonHLT.
JustpollfortheIPIinkvm_vcpu_block.
KVMHLTInternals24Whathappenswhenyoudon'tscheduleonHLTKVM(Alwaysschedule)5.
7usKVM(Neverschedule)1.
7usHardware(SandyBridge)0.
5usNeverschedule!
CyclesKVM(Alwaysschedule)KVM(Neverschedule)HardwareMin1380040001200Average158004400120050%ile149004300120090%ile160004500130099%ile2490069001300Max52100050000140025SimilarimprovementsonIvyBridge(5.
6us->1.
6us)Haswell(4.
9us->1.
5us).
Neverschedule!
WRMSRkvm_vcpu_kickreturnfromschedule()inkvm_vcpu_block()vmx_vcpu_runIPIISRVMEXITVMRESUMEAlwaysschedule:4001200850034001400VCPU1VCPU0guesthostVT-xKVMSchedulerNeverschedule:300130011004001200(mediancycles)26Neverschedule!
WeeliminatealmostallofthelatencyoverheadbynotschedulingonHLT.
Schedulingisoftentherightthingtodo.
LetotherthreadsrunorsavehostCPUpower.
Mostofthetimeimprovesguestperformance(lettheIOthreadsrun!
).
Canhurtperformance.
Seemicrobenchmark.
SeeTCP_RR.
27Halt-PollingStep1:PollForuptoXnanoseconds:IfataskiswaitingtorunonourCPU,gotoStep2.
Checkifaguestinterruptarrived.
Ifso,wearedone.
Repeat.
Step2:schedule()Scheduleoutuntilit'stimetocomeoutofHLT.
Pros:WorksonshortHLTs(
28Halt-PollingMemcache:1.
5xlatencyimprovementWindowsEventObjects:2xlatencyimprovementReducemessagepassinglatencyby10-15us(includingnetworklatency).
29Halt-PollingMergedintothe4.
0kernel[PATCH]kvm:addhalt_poll_nsmoduleparameterThankstoPaoloBonziniUsetheKVMmoduleparameterhalt_poll_nstocontrolhowlongtopolloneachHLT.
Futureimprovements:Automaticpolltoggling(removeidleCPUoverheadbyturningpollingoff).
Automatichalt_poll_nsKVMwillset(andvary)halt_poll_nsdynamically.
Howtodothisisanopenquestion.
.
.
ideasLazyContextSwitchingEquivalentfeature,butavailableforanykernelcomponenttouse.
30ConclusionMessagePassingEvenloopbackmessagepassingrequiresvirtualization.
Beingidle(asaLinuxguest)requiresvirtualization.
Cross-CPUcommunicationrequiresvirtualization.
Halt-Pollingsaves10-15usonmessagepassinground-triplatency.
Remaininground-triplatency:4MSRwritestotheAPICtimer(3-5us)IPIsend(~2us)HLTwakeup(evenwithhalt-polling,stilladds~3us!
)31
- EOI_INDUCEDivybridge相关文档
- slightivybridge
- Revivybridge
- 1.0ivybridge
- 采购ivybridge
- Extreme3ivybridge
- subgroupivybridge
ZJI-全场八折优惠，香港服务器 600元起，还有日本/美国/韩国服务器
月付/年付优惠码：zji 下物理服务器/VDS/虚拟主机空间订单八折终身优惠（长期有效）一、ZJI官网点击直达ZJI官方网站二、特惠香港日本服务器香港大埔：http://hkdb.speedtest.zji.net/香港葵湾：http://hkkw.speedtest.zji.net/日本大阪：http://jpsk.speedtest.zji.net/日本大阪一型 ...
瓜云互联：全场9折优惠,香港CN2、洛杉矶GIA高防vps套餐,充值最高返300元
瓜云互联怎么样?瓜云互联之前商家使用的面板为WHMCS，目前商家已经正式更换到了魔方云的面板，瓜云互联商家主要提供中国香港和美国洛杉矶机房的套餐，香港采用CN2线路直连大陆，洛杉矶为高防vps套餐，三网回程CN2 GIA，提供超高的DDOS防御，瓜云互联商家承诺打死退款，目前商家提供了一个全场9折和充值的促销，有需要的朋友可以看看。点击进入：瓜云互联官方网站瓜云互联促销优惠：9折优惠码：联系在线客...
VirMach（8元/月）KVM VPS，北美、欧洲
VirMach，成立于2014年的美国IDC商家，知名的低价便宜VPS销售商，支持支付宝、微信、PayPal等方式付款购买，主打美国、欧洲暑假中心产品，拥有包括洛杉矶、西雅图、圣何塞、凤凰城在内的11个数据中心可以选择，可以自由搭配1Gbps、2Gbps、10Gbps带宽端口，有Voxility DDoS高防IP可以选择（500Gbps以上的防御能力），并且支持在控制面板付费切换机房和更换IP（带...
ivybridge为你推荐
-
汇通物流汇通快递好吗梦之队官网NBA梦之队在哪下载？冯媛甑谁知道怎么找到冯媛甄的具体资料？xyq.163.cbg.com『梦幻西游』那藏宝阁怎么登录？haokandianyingwang谁有好看电影网站啊、要无毒播放速度快的、在线等m88.comwww.m88.com现在的官方网址是哪个啊 ？www.m88.com怎么样？www.ijinshan.com桌面上多了一个IE图标,打开后就链接到009dh.com这个网站,这个图标怎么删掉啊?baqizi.cc讲讲曾子杀猪的主要内容！baqizi.cc誰知道，最近有什麼好看的電視劇www.toutoulu.com安装好派克滤芯后要检查其是否漏气