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RESEARCHOpenAccessOptimizationstrategyofmobiledatatransmissionbasedonoptimalcrowdfeedbackYangZhangAbstractInordertoeliminatethefactorsthatrestricttheperformanceofwirelessnetworkdatatransmission,weproposedtheoptimalcontrolmechanismofwirelessnetworkdatatransmission.
Theproposedmechanismsolvestheintelligenceproblemofthefeedbackloop,themobilityofrelaynodes,andthefeedbackofthereceivingend.
Ontheonehand,toeliminatetheexternalinterferencefactors,weestablishedanoptimalfeedbackloopcontrolsystembetweenthesenderandthereceiver.
Ontheotherhand,inthetimelinearregion,thecrowdfeedbackmoduleisaddedtotheoptimalfeedbackclosed-loopcontrolsystembasedonthelinearweight.
Onthebasisoftheaboveschemes,weproposedanadaptiveoptimizationmodelofmobiledatatransmission.
Theexperimentscomparedtheproposedoptimalcrowdfeedbackoptimalcontrolschemewiththeoptimizationstrategyofthedatatransmission.
Fromtheresultsofsystemefficiencyandsystemthroughputperformance,theproposedoptimalcrowdfeedbackoptimalcontrolschemehasanobviousadvantage.
Keywords:Controloptimization,Mobilitymanagement,Wirelessdatatransmission,Crowdfeedback1IntroductionThediversityof[1]anddataservicesinwirelesstrans-missionenvironment[2]makesthequalityofwirelesstransmissiondatadecrease.
Wirelesstransmissionsys-temperformanceisnotstable.
Theseproblemsser-iouslyaffectthequalityoftheuserexperience[3].
Theseissuesrestricttheway[4]andoperatingcostsofmobileservicecarriers.
Inordertosolvetheseprob-lems,theacademicandindustrialcircleshavestudiedthewirelesscommunicationprotocol[5–8],thewire-lessdatapacket[9,10],thetransmissionperformancecontroloptimization[11,12],andsoon.
JinMproposedaremotewirelesstransparenttrans-missionprotocolformeetingtherequirementsoftheInternetofThings-basedintelligentremotemonitoringsystemforconstructionvehiclesontherealtime[5].
Thedistance-sensitivewirelesscommunicationprotocolwasproposedinanarticle[6]tohearingprotectorsequippedwithin-earmicrophones.
ChaturvediAetal.
studiedthesecurewirelesscommunicationprotocolwiththeDiffie-Hellmankeyexchangescheme[7].
Thelinkperformanceofintra-satellitenetworkingwasanalyzedanddiscussed[8]forreceivingsensitivityineachmodel.
Thecellular/infostationintegratednetworkwascon-sideredbytheauthorsofanarticle[9]thatsupportson-demanddataservicedelivery.
Thenovelap-proacheswasproposedinanarticle[10]thatarebasedondataenvelopmentanalysis(DEA)tofurtheroptimizeenergyconsumptioninwirelessmulticastnetworks.
Therandomwirelesssensornetworkswereconsid-ered,wherenodesaredistributedrandomlyandformclusterstotransmitthepacketstorelayclustersusingcooperativemulti-input-multi-outputtechnique[11].
Asimpleandeffectivemethodisdemonstratedtoovercomethefrequencysplittingforanoptimalefficiency[12].
Therestofthepaperisorganizedasfollows.
Section2givestheoptimalfeedbackmodel.
Section3discussedtheoptimizationstrategyofmobiledatatransmissionwithcrowdfeedback.
ThealgorithmanalysisresultshaveCorrespondence:yanggzhang@yeah.
netCollegeofInternationalEconomicsandTrade,JilinUniversityofFinanceandEconomics,Jilin,ChinaEURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystemsTheAuthor(s).
2016OpenAccessThisarticleisdistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution4.
0InternationalLicense(http://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
0/),whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedyougiveappropriatecredittotheoriginalauthor(s)andthesource,providealinktotheCreativeCommonslicense,andindicateifchangesweremade.
ZhangEURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystems(2016)2016:26DOI10.
1186/s13639-016-0062-6beeninSection4.
Finally,theSection5concludesthispaper.
2OptimalfeedbackmodelThelineardatatransmissionsystemforwirelesscom-municationnetworksisdescribedasfollows:yxHtxtFtdsytFxs1wherexsaidemissionsignalintensity.
tdenotesthedatatransmissiontime.
H(t)saidlinearvectordatatransmission.
FunctionF(t)saidlineardatatransmis-sioncontrolvector.
sisthelineartransmissiondatasequence.
d(s)denotesthesizeofthedata.
y(x)in-dicatesthetransmittingpowersignal.
y(t)representsthelineartimeonthetotaltransmitpower.
Wirelessdatatransmissionissubjecttovariousexter-naldisturbances,suchasobstaclesreflection,buildingdiffraction,groundabsorption,andotherfactors.
Anoptimalfeedbackloopisformedbetweenthesenderandthereceiver,whichisthekeytoeliminatetheinter-ferencefactors.
Theformula(2)describestheoptimalfeedbackclosed-loopcontrolsystems.
Fig.
1OptimalfeedbackloopSendingWirelesschannelMovingvectorReceivingfeedbackloopCrowdstackAdaptiveoptimizationCrowdfeedbackFig.
2AdaptiveoptimizationmodelofmobiledatatransmissionbasedoncrowdZhangEURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystems(2016)2016:26Page2of5PtPsHtFxyt≥0Px≤dsuxtHs1FdXi1Nxsi8>>>>>>>:2Here,P(t)isthelineardataintimedomain.
N(x)rep-resentsthenumberofsymbolsinthedatasequencex.
uxtisthefeedbackloopofthedatasequencexinthetimedomain.
TheconstraintconditionP(t)+P(s)H(t)F(x)y(t)≥0canguaranteethestabilityofwirelessdatatransmission.
TheconstraintconditionP(x)≤d(s)canguaranteetheuniquenessandoptimalityoftheclosedloop(seeFig.
1).
3OptimizationstrategyofmobiledatatransmissionwithcrowdfeedbackTheoptimalfeedbackclosed-loopcontrolsystemiscomposedofmdatapackets.
krepresentsthenumberofpackets.
Thesystemtransmissionefficiencyηcanbeob-tainedfromtheformula(3).
ηXmk1dkds;wL0ηXmk1dkPx;wL>08>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>:3Accordingtothedifferenttimedomainlinearweight-ingwL,thesolutionisdividedintotwokinds.
Accordingtotheformula(2),itcanbeknownthattheoptimalsys-temefficiencycanbeobtainedwhenthewLisgreaterthan0.
InordertokeeptheprobabilityofwLbegreaterthan0,wedesignthecrowdfeedbackmoduleintheoptimalfeedbackloopcontrolsystem.
ThevaluefeedbackvectorxCRcanbeobtainedbytheformula(4).
xCRZt→TxtHxFtkkXmk1dkdkFdPx12Hs18>>>>>:4Thecrowdfeedbacksystemefficiencyofthetransmis-sionaftertheoptimization(seeFig.
2)canbecomputedwiththeformula(5).
ηCROPXmk1dkwLFxkkdxpPx5Afteroptimization,thetotallengthofthedatase-quenceLCR_OPcanbecalculatedbytheformula(6).
LCROPXmk1NxkwLXmk1dkFxkk264AlgorithmevaluationresultsThedatatransmittingendoftheexperimentalplatformisaclustercomposedoffiveservers.
ThereceiverrunsfiveLinuxvirtualsystemsinaparalleloperation.
Be-tweenthetransmitterandthereceiverisawirelesscom-municationnetworkcomposedof50mobilenodes.
Themappingrelationshipbetweenthetransmitterandtwovirtualsystemsofthereceiverisanendtoendmapping.
12534Wirelessnetworkwith50nodes12345ReceivingendSendingendMappingbetweenendsFeedbackFeedbackFig.
3ExperimentalarchitectureTable1ExperimentalsettingsParametersValueParametersValueCPU8coreMemory32GBOSCentOS6.
5Harddiskspacesize1TBDriverFaban-kitDatabaseSQLServerMonitorVmstatNumberofconcurrentsession1,2,3ZhangEURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystems(2016)2016:26Page3of5Therelationisusedtoestablishtheoptimalcrowdfeed-backclosed-loopcontrolsystem.
TheexperimentalstructureisshowninFig.
3.
TheserverhardwareandsystemsoftwareconfigurationisshowninTable1.
Intheexperiments,wecomparedtheproposeddatatransmissionoptimization-optimalcrowdfeedback(DTO-OCD)withthedatatransmissionoptimizationstrategybasedontheoptimizedfeedbackloopdatatransmissionoptimization-feedbackloop(DTO-FL)withthesystemefficiencyandthroughputperformance.
Figures4,5,and6givetheDTO-OCDandDTO-FLsystemefficiencywiththechangeofthedatapacketsizewhenthepacketlossrateis0.
5,1,and5%,respectively.
Foundthatwiththeincreaseofthepacketlossrate,thesystemefficiencyofthetwomechanismsbegantosignificantlyreduce.
Withtheincreaseofthedatapacket,thesystemefficiencyofthetwomechanismsischattering.
However,thesystemefficiencyofDTO-FLdecreasedmoreobviously.
ItsdeclinerangeisthesameortwotimesasmuchasthatofDTO-OCD.
DTO-FLjitterismoreefficientthanthatofDTO-OCD.
Figures7,8,and9givethesystemthroughputratere-sultswiththechangeofthedatapacketsizewhenthewirelessnetworkmobilespeedis0.
5,1,and5m/s,re-spectively.
Withtheincreaseofthespeedofnodemove-ment,wefoundthattheexternaldisturbanceisthekeyfactortocontrolthequalityofdatatransmission.
Thesystemthroughputrateofthetwomechanismsbegantosignificantlyshake.
Thejitterisespeciallyevidentwhenthemovingspeedis5m/s.
Inaddition,withtheincreaseofthedatapackage,thesystemthroughputdeclined.
However,thesystemefficiencyofDTO-FLdecreasedmoreobviously.
ThedeclinerangeofDTO-FLis2timestheoneofDTO-OCD.
Fig.
4Systemefficiencywhenpacketerrorrateis0.
5%Fig.
5Systemefficiencywhenpacketerrorrateis1%Fig.
6Systemefficiencywhenpacketerrorrateis5%Fig.
7Throughputwhenmovingspeedis0.
5m/sZhangEURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystems(2016)2016:26Page4of55ConclusionsBasedonthestudyofthedeclinereasonsofthedatatransmissionperformanceinthewirelessnetworkenvir-onmentandtheinfluencingfactorsofthefeedbackmechanism,weputforwardtheoptimalcrowdcontrolofthewirelessnetworkdatatransmission.
Theinnovationoftheschemehasalsoacrowdfeedbackmechanism,dataencapsulation,mobilemanagement,andsensoryfeedback.
Firstly,aclosed-loopcontrolsys-temisformedbetweenthetransmitterandthereceiver,whichisaffectedbytheinterferenceofthewirelessdatatransmission.
Theaimofthesystemistoeliminatethekeyfactorsofthesefactors.
Secondly,accordingtothetimedomainlinearweight,crowdfeedbackmoduleisdesignedtotheoptimalfeedbackclosed-loopcontrolsystem.
Finally,onthebasisoftheaboveresearches,weproposedanadaptiveoptimizationmodelofmobiledatatransmission.
Basedontheexperimentalresults,wefoundthatthesystemefficiencyandthesystemthrough-putrateoftheproposedalgorithmarehigherandthesystemthroughputishigherandsmoother.
CompetinginterestsTheauthordeclaresthathe/shehasnocompetinginterests.
Received:18August2016Accepted:11November2016References1.
CerpaA,ElsonJ,EstrinD,etal.
Habitatmonitoring:applicationdriverforwirelesscommunicationstechnology[J].
AcmSigcommWorkshoponDataCommunicationsinLatinAmerica&theCaribbean,2010;31(2):20–41.
2.
ChamotraS,SehgalRK,KamalR,etal.
Datadiversityofadistributedhoneynetbasedmalwarecollectionsystem[C]//EmergingTrendsinNetworksandComputerCommunications(ETNCC),2011InternationalConferenceon.
IEEE,2011:125–129.
3.
DMLestari,DHardianto,HANizar,Analysisofuserexperiencequalityonresponsivewebdesignfromitsinformativeperspective[J].
Int.
J.
Softw.
Eng.
ItsAppl.
8(5),53–62(2014)4.
LDeng,QZeng,WZhouetal.
,Theeffectoftrainformationlengthandservicefrequencyonthedeterminationoftrainschedules[J].
ProceedingsoftheInstitutionofMechanicalEngineersPartF.
J.
RailRapidTransit.
228(4),378–388(2013)5.
MJin,XZhou,ELuoetal.
,Industrial-QoS-orientedremotewirelesscommunicationprotocolfortheinternetofconstructionvehicles[J].
IEEETrans.
Ind.
Electron.
62(11),7103–7113(2015)6.
REBSerhal,THFalk,JVoix,Integrationofadistancesensitivewirelesscommunicationprotocoltohearingprotectorsequippedwithin-earmicrophones.
[J].
J.
Acoust.
Soc.
Am.
133(5),3273(2013)7.
AChaturvedi,NSrivastava,VShukla,AsecurewirelesscommunicationprotocolusingDiffie-Hellmankeyexchange[J].
Int.
J.
Comput.
Appl.
126,33–36(2015)8.
QQi,PLi,XUGuo-Dong,Designandsimulationofthewirelesscommunicationprotocolappliedtosmallsatellite[J].
LEMCS-1438(1),71–76(2014)9.
TChen,HShan,XWang,Optimalschedulingforwirelesson-demanddatapacketdeliverytohigh-speedtrains[J].
IEEETrans.
Veh.
Technol.
64(9),4101–4112(2015)10.
AAAjibesin,NVentura,AMurguetal.
,Dataenvelopmentanalysiswithslacksmodelforenergyefficientmulticastovercodedpacketwirelessnetworks[J].
IetSci.
Meas.
Technol.
8(6),408–419(2014)11.
BLi,HLi,WWang,QYin,HLiu,Performanceanalysisandoptimizationforenergy-efficientcooperativetransmissioninrandomwirelesssensornetwork[J].
IEEETrans.
Wirel.
Commun.
12(9),4647–4657(2013)12.
JHan,YDKim,NHMyung,Efficientperformanceoptimisationofwirelesspowertransmissionusinggeneticalgorithm[J].
Electron.
Lett.
50(6),462–464(2014)Submityourmanuscripttoajournalandbenetfrom:7Convenientonlinesubmission7Rigorouspeerreview7Immediatepublicationonacceptance7Openaccess:articlesfreelyavailableonline7Highvisibilitywithintheeld7RetainingthecopyrighttoyourarticleSubmityournextmanuscriptat7springeropen.
comFig.
8Throughputwhenmovingspeedis1m/sFig.
9Throughputwhenmovingspeedis5m/sZhangEURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystems(2016)2016:26Page5of5
Theproposedmechanismsolvestheintelligenceproblemofthefeedbackloop,themobilityofrelaynodes,andthefeedbackofthereceivingend.
Ontheonehand,toeliminatetheexternalinterferencefactors,weestablishedanoptimalfeedbackloopcontrolsystembetweenthesenderandthereceiver.
Ontheotherhand,inthetimelinearregion,thecrowdfeedbackmoduleisaddedtotheoptimalfeedbackclosed-loopcontrolsystembasedonthelinearweight.
Onthebasisoftheaboveschemes,weproposedanadaptiveoptimizationmodelofmobiledatatransmission.
Theexperimentscomparedtheproposedoptimalcrowdfeedbackoptimalcontrolschemewiththeoptimizationstrategyofthedatatransmission.
Fromtheresultsofsystemefficiencyandsystemthroughputperformance,theproposedoptimalcrowdfeedbackoptimalcontrolschemehasanobviousadvantage.
Keywords:Controloptimization,Mobilitymanagement,Wirelessdatatransmission,Crowdfeedback1IntroductionThediversityof[1]anddataservicesinwirelesstrans-missionenvironment[2]makesthequalityofwirelesstransmissiondatadecrease.
Wirelesstransmissionsys-temperformanceisnotstable.
Theseproblemsser-iouslyaffectthequalityoftheuserexperience[3].
Theseissuesrestricttheway[4]andoperatingcostsofmobileservicecarriers.
Inordertosolvetheseprob-lems,theacademicandindustrialcircleshavestudiedthewirelesscommunicationprotocol[5–8],thewire-lessdatapacket[9,10],thetransmissionperformancecontroloptimization[11,12],andsoon.
JinMproposedaremotewirelesstransparenttrans-missionprotocolformeetingtherequirementsoftheInternetofThings-basedintelligentremotemonitoringsystemforconstructionvehiclesontherealtime[5].
Thedistance-sensitivewirelesscommunicationprotocolwasproposedinanarticle[6]tohearingprotectorsequippedwithin-earmicrophones.
ChaturvediAetal.
studiedthesecurewirelesscommunicationprotocolwiththeDiffie-Hellmankeyexchangescheme[7].
Thelinkperformanceofintra-satellitenetworkingwasanalyzedanddiscussed[8]forreceivingsensitivityineachmodel.
Thecellular/infostationintegratednetworkwascon-sideredbytheauthorsofanarticle[9]thatsupportson-demanddataservicedelivery.
Thenovelap-proacheswasproposedinanarticle[10]thatarebasedondataenvelopmentanalysis(DEA)tofurtheroptimizeenergyconsumptioninwirelessmulticastnetworks.
Therandomwirelesssensornetworkswereconsid-ered,wherenodesaredistributedrandomlyandformclusterstotransmitthepacketstorelayclustersusingcooperativemulti-input-multi-outputtechnique[11].
Asimpleandeffectivemethodisdemonstratedtoovercomethefrequencysplittingforanoptimalefficiency[12].
Therestofthepaperisorganizedasfollows.
Section2givestheoptimalfeedbackmodel.
Section3discussedtheoptimizationstrategyofmobiledatatransmissionwithcrowdfeedback.
ThealgorithmanalysisresultshaveCorrespondence:yanggzhang@yeah.
netCollegeofInternationalEconomicsandTrade,JilinUniversityofFinanceandEconomics,Jilin,ChinaEURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystemsTheAuthor(s).
2016OpenAccessThisarticleisdistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution4.
0InternationalLicense(http://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
0/),whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedyougiveappropriatecredittotheoriginalauthor(s)andthesource,providealinktotheCreativeCommonslicense,andindicateifchangesweremade.
ZhangEURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystems(2016)2016:26DOI10.
1186/s13639-016-0062-6beeninSection4.
Finally,theSection5concludesthispaper.
2OptimalfeedbackmodelThelineardatatransmissionsystemforwirelesscom-municationnetworksisdescribedasfollows:yxHtxtFtdsytFxs1wherexsaidemissionsignalintensity.
tdenotesthedatatransmissiontime.
H(t)saidlinearvectordatatransmission.
FunctionF(t)saidlineardatatransmis-sioncontrolvector.
sisthelineartransmissiondatasequence.
d(s)denotesthesizeofthedata.
y(x)in-dicatesthetransmittingpowersignal.
y(t)representsthelineartimeonthetotaltransmitpower.
Wirelessdatatransmissionissubjecttovariousexter-naldisturbances,suchasobstaclesreflection,buildingdiffraction,groundabsorption,andotherfactors.
Anoptimalfeedbackloopisformedbetweenthesenderandthereceiver,whichisthekeytoeliminatetheinter-ferencefactors.
Theformula(2)describestheoptimalfeedbackclosed-loopcontrolsystems.
Fig.
1OptimalfeedbackloopSendingWirelesschannelMovingvectorReceivingfeedbackloopCrowdstackAdaptiveoptimizationCrowdfeedbackFig.
2AdaptiveoptimizationmodelofmobiledatatransmissionbasedoncrowdZhangEURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystems(2016)2016:26Page2of5PtPsHtFxyt≥0Px≤dsuxtHs1FdXi1Nxsi8>>>>>>>:2Here,P(t)isthelineardataintimedomain.
N(x)rep-resentsthenumberofsymbolsinthedatasequencex.
uxtisthefeedbackloopofthedatasequencexinthetimedomain.
TheconstraintconditionP(t)+P(s)H(t)F(x)y(t)≥0canguaranteethestabilityofwirelessdatatransmission.
TheconstraintconditionP(x)≤d(s)canguaranteetheuniquenessandoptimalityoftheclosedloop(seeFig.
1).
3OptimizationstrategyofmobiledatatransmissionwithcrowdfeedbackTheoptimalfeedbackclosed-loopcontrolsystemiscomposedofmdatapackets.
krepresentsthenumberofpackets.
Thesystemtransmissionefficiencyηcanbeob-tainedfromtheformula(3).
ηXmk1dkds;wL0ηXmk1dkPx;wL>08>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>:3Accordingtothedifferenttimedomainlinearweight-ingwL,thesolutionisdividedintotwokinds.
Accordingtotheformula(2),itcanbeknownthattheoptimalsys-temefficiencycanbeobtainedwhenthewLisgreaterthan0.
InordertokeeptheprobabilityofwLbegreaterthan0,wedesignthecrowdfeedbackmoduleintheoptimalfeedbackloopcontrolsystem.
ThevaluefeedbackvectorxCRcanbeobtainedbytheformula(4).
xCRZt→TxtHxFtkkXmk1dkdkFdPx12Hs18>>>>>:4Thecrowdfeedbacksystemefficiencyofthetransmis-sionaftertheoptimization(seeFig.
2)canbecomputedwiththeformula(5).
ηCROPXmk1dkwLFxkkdxpPx5Afteroptimization,thetotallengthofthedatase-quenceLCR_OPcanbecalculatedbytheformula(6).
LCROPXmk1NxkwLXmk1dkFxkk264AlgorithmevaluationresultsThedatatransmittingendoftheexperimentalplatformisaclustercomposedoffiveservers.
ThereceiverrunsfiveLinuxvirtualsystemsinaparalleloperation.
Be-tweenthetransmitterandthereceiverisawirelesscom-municationnetworkcomposedof50mobilenodes.
Themappingrelationshipbetweenthetransmitterandtwovirtualsystemsofthereceiverisanendtoendmapping.
12534Wirelessnetworkwith50nodes12345ReceivingendSendingendMappingbetweenendsFeedbackFeedbackFig.
3ExperimentalarchitectureTable1ExperimentalsettingsParametersValueParametersValueCPU8coreMemory32GBOSCentOS6.
5Harddiskspacesize1TBDriverFaban-kitDatabaseSQLServerMonitorVmstatNumberofconcurrentsession1,2,3ZhangEURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystems(2016)2016:26Page3of5Therelationisusedtoestablishtheoptimalcrowdfeed-backclosed-loopcontrolsystem.
TheexperimentalstructureisshowninFig.
3.
TheserverhardwareandsystemsoftwareconfigurationisshowninTable1.
Intheexperiments,wecomparedtheproposeddatatransmissionoptimization-optimalcrowdfeedback(DTO-OCD)withthedatatransmissionoptimizationstrategybasedontheoptimizedfeedbackloopdatatransmissionoptimization-feedbackloop(DTO-FL)withthesystemefficiencyandthroughputperformance.
Figures4,5,and6givetheDTO-OCDandDTO-FLsystemefficiencywiththechangeofthedatapacketsizewhenthepacketlossrateis0.
5,1,and5%,respectively.
Foundthatwiththeincreaseofthepacketlossrate,thesystemefficiencyofthetwomechanismsbegantosignificantlyreduce.
Withtheincreaseofthedatapacket,thesystemefficiencyofthetwomechanismsischattering.
However,thesystemefficiencyofDTO-FLdecreasedmoreobviously.
ItsdeclinerangeisthesameortwotimesasmuchasthatofDTO-OCD.
DTO-FLjitterismoreefficientthanthatofDTO-OCD.
Figures7,8,and9givethesystemthroughputratere-sultswiththechangeofthedatapacketsizewhenthewirelessnetworkmobilespeedis0.
5,1,and5m/s,re-spectively.
Withtheincreaseofthespeedofnodemove-ment,wefoundthattheexternaldisturbanceisthekeyfactortocontrolthequalityofdatatransmission.
Thesystemthroughputrateofthetwomechanismsbegantosignificantlyshake.
Thejitterisespeciallyevidentwhenthemovingspeedis5m/s.
Inaddition,withtheincreaseofthedatapackage,thesystemthroughputdeclined.
However,thesystemefficiencyofDTO-FLdecreasedmoreobviously.
ThedeclinerangeofDTO-FLis2timestheoneofDTO-OCD.
Fig.
4Systemefficiencywhenpacketerrorrateis0.
5%Fig.
5Systemefficiencywhenpacketerrorrateis1%Fig.
6Systemefficiencywhenpacketerrorrateis5%Fig.
7Throughputwhenmovingspeedis0.
5m/sZhangEURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystems(2016)2016:26Page4of55ConclusionsBasedonthestudyofthedeclinereasonsofthedatatransmissionperformanceinthewirelessnetworkenvir-onmentandtheinfluencingfactorsofthefeedbackmechanism,weputforwardtheoptimalcrowdcontrolofthewirelessnetworkdatatransmission.
Theinnovationoftheschemehasalsoacrowdfeedbackmechanism,dataencapsulation,mobilemanagement,andsensoryfeedback.
Firstly,aclosed-loopcontrolsys-temisformedbetweenthetransmitterandthereceiver,whichisaffectedbytheinterferenceofthewirelessdatatransmission.
Theaimofthesystemistoeliminatethekeyfactorsofthesefactors.
Secondly,accordingtothetimedomainlinearweight,crowdfeedbackmoduleisdesignedtotheoptimalfeedbackclosed-loopcontrolsystem.
Finally,onthebasisoftheaboveresearches,weproposedanadaptiveoptimizationmodelofmobiledatatransmission.
Basedontheexperimentalresults,wefoundthatthesystemefficiencyandthesystemthrough-putrateoftheproposedalgorithmarehigherandthesystemthroughputishigherandsmoother.
CompetinginterestsTheauthordeclaresthathe/shehasnocompetinginterests.
Received:18August2016Accepted:11November2016References1.
CerpaA,ElsonJ,EstrinD,etal.
Habitatmonitoring:applicationdriverforwirelesscommunicationstechnology[J].
AcmSigcommWorkshoponDataCommunicationsinLatinAmerica&theCaribbean,2010;31(2):20–41.
2.
ChamotraS,SehgalRK,KamalR,etal.
Datadiversityofadistributedhoneynetbasedmalwarecollectionsystem[C]//EmergingTrendsinNetworksandComputerCommunications(ETNCC),2011InternationalConferenceon.
IEEE,2011:125–129.
3.
DMLestari,DHardianto,HANizar,Analysisofuserexperiencequalityonresponsivewebdesignfromitsinformativeperspective[J].
Int.
J.
Softw.
Eng.
ItsAppl.
8(5),53–62(2014)4.
LDeng,QZeng,WZhouetal.
,Theeffectoftrainformationlengthandservicefrequencyonthedeterminationoftrainschedules[J].
ProceedingsoftheInstitutionofMechanicalEngineersPartF.
J.
RailRapidTransit.
228(4),378–388(2013)5.
MJin,XZhou,ELuoetal.
,Industrial-QoS-orientedremotewirelesscommunicationprotocolfortheinternetofconstructionvehicles[J].
IEEETrans.
Ind.
Electron.
62(11),7103–7113(2015)6.
REBSerhal,THFalk,JVoix,Integrationofadistancesensitivewirelesscommunicationprotocoltohearingprotectorsequippedwithin-earmicrophones.
[J].
J.
Acoust.
Soc.
Am.
133(5),3273(2013)7.
AChaturvedi,NSrivastava,VShukla,AsecurewirelesscommunicationprotocolusingDiffie-Hellmankeyexchange[J].
Int.
J.
Comput.
Appl.
126,33–36(2015)8.
QQi,PLi,XUGuo-Dong,Designandsimulationofthewirelesscommunicationprotocolappliedtosmallsatellite[J].
LEMCS-1438(1),71–76(2014)9.
TChen,HShan,XWang,Optimalschedulingforwirelesson-demanddatapacketdeliverytohigh-speedtrains[J].
IEEETrans.
Veh.
Technol.
64(9),4101–4112(2015)10.
AAAjibesin,NVentura,AMurguetal.
,Dataenvelopmentanalysiswithslacksmodelforenergyefficientmulticastovercodedpacketwirelessnetworks[J].
IetSci.
Meas.
Technol.
8(6),408–419(2014)11.
BLi,HLi,WWang,QYin,HLiu,Performanceanalysisandoptimizationforenergy-efficientcooperativetransmissioninrandomwirelesssensornetwork[J].
IEEETrans.
Wirel.
Commun.
12(9),4647–4657(2013)12.
JHan,YDKim,NHMyung,Efficientperformanceoptimisationofwirelesspowertransmissionusinggeneticalgorithm[J].
Electron.
Lett.
50(6),462–464(2014)Submityourmanuscripttoajournalandbenetfrom:7Convenientonlinesubmission7Rigorouspeerreview7Immediatepublicationonacceptance7Openaccess:articlesfreelyavailableonline7Highvisibilitywithintheeld7RetainingthecopyrighttoyourarticleSubmityournextmanuscriptat7springeropen.
comFig.
8Throughputwhenmovingspeedis1m/sFig.
9Throughputwhenmovingspeedis5m/sZhangEURASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystems(2016)2016:26Page5of5
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Hostkey.com成立于2007年的荷兰公司，主要运营服务器出租与托管，其次是VPS、域名、域名证书，各种软件授权等。hostkey当前运作荷兰阿姆斯特丹、俄罗斯莫斯科、美国纽约等数据中心。支持Paypal，信用卡，Webmoney，以及支付宝等付款方式。禁止VPN,代理，Tor,网络诈骗,儿童色情，Spam，网络扫描，俄罗斯色情，俄罗斯电影,俄罗斯MP3，俄罗斯Trackers，以及俄罗斯法...
Stablehost 美国主机商黑五虚拟主机四折
如今我们网友可能较多的会选择云服务器、VPS主机，对于虚拟主机的话可能很多人不会选择。但是我们有些外贸业务用途的建站项目还是会有选择虚拟主机的。今天看到的Stablehost 商家虚拟主机在黑五期间也有四折优惠，对于这个服务商而言不是特别的喜欢，虽然他们商家和我们熟悉的老鹰主机商有些类似，且在后来老鹰主机改版和方案后，Stablehost 商家也会跟随改版，但是性价比认为不如老鹰主机。这次黑色星期...
香港站群多ip服务器多少钱?零途云香港站群云服务器怎么样？
香港站群多ip服务器多少钱?想做好站群的SEO优化，最好给每个网站都分配一个独立IP，这样每个网站之间才不会受到影响。对做站群的站长来说，租用一家性价比高且提供多IP的香港多ip站群服务器很有必要。零途云推出的香港多ip站群云服务器多达256个IP，可以满足站群的优化需求，而且性价比非常高。那么，香港多ip站群云服务器价格多少钱一个月?选择什么样的香港多IP站群云服务器比较好呢?今天，小编带大家一...
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