A Comparative Study of Input Hypothesis and Output Hypothesis
Abstract: The essay compares the differences between input hypothesis andoutput hypothesis as well as their similarities based on literature and empirical studies.As for the differences, theoretical rests and attitudes towards output are taken intoconsideration. In terms of the similarities,both input hypothesis and output hypothesisare comprehensible and modified, have something to do with“i+1” and share thesame attitude to ward s pushed output.
Key words: input hypothesis;output hypothesis;comprehensible;modified
1 Input hypothesis
Krashen(1982)provides five hypotheses, in which he believes that the inputhypothesis is the most important one as it touches upon directly the most fundamentalquestion of second language acquisition (SLA). Based on the hypothesis, heintroduces the concept of comprehensible input, namely, language acquisitionconforms to the pattern of“i+1 ”, that is, language acquisition shall take place if andonly if the comprehensible input is just slightly higher than the learner’ s currentlanguage ab ility.
2 Output hypothesis
Swain(2005,p471)argued that output,by its nature, is not the end of production,but rather a process ofthe language learning.Therefore,output, if carefully taken careof, can also contribute to the language learning. In order to prove this, she hasoutlined three functions conducive to second language learning: a) the noticing andtriggering function, b) the hypothesis-testing function and c) the metalinguisticfunc tio n.
3 Differences
3.1 Theoretical rests
Krashen’ s input hypothesis is fundamentally based on the Nativist Theories,which maintains that the innate biological endowment is the precondition for learnersto acquire another language (Diane Larsen-freeman and Michael H.Long, 2000). Inthis sense,what the second language learner has to do is to take full advantage of the“language acquisition device”and acquire it subconsciously.Krashen’ s “feel” and“sound” (1982, p10) for the language instead of consciously learning it apparentlyseeks its theoretical rest from the nativist view of language acquisition.
DMIT怎么样?DMIT是一家美国主机商,主要提供KVM VPS、独立服务器等,主要提供香港CN2、洛杉矶CN2 GIA等KVM VPS,稳定性、网络都很不错。支持中文客服,可Paypal、支付宝付款。2020年推出的香港国际线路的KVM VPS,大带宽,适合中转落地使用。现在有永久9折优惠码:July-4-Lite-10OFF,季付及以上还有折扣,非 中国路由优化;AS4134,AS4837 均...
RepriseHosting是成立于2012年的国外主机商,提供独立服务器租用和VPS主机等产品,数据中心在美国西雅图和拉斯维加斯机房。商家提供的独立服务器以较低的价格为主,目前针对西雅图机房部分独立服务器提供的优惠仍然有效,除了价格折扣外,还免费升级内存和带宽,商家支持使用支付宝或者PayPal、信用卡等付款方式。配置一 $27.97/月CPU:Intel Xeon L5640内存:16GB(原...
之前几个月由于CHIA挖矿导致全球固态硬盘的价格疯涨,如今硬盘挖矿基本上已死,硬盘的价格基本上恢复到常规价位,所以,pacificrack决定对全系Cloud server进行价格调整,降幅较大,“如果您是老用户,请通过续费管理或升级套餐,获取同步到最新的定价”。官方网站:https://pacificrack.com支持PayPal、支付宝等方式付款VPS特征:基于KVM虚拟,纯SSD raid...