1ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlFORCE-BASEDASSESSMENTOFWELDGEOMETRYFORCE-BASEDASSESSMENTOFWELDGEOMETRYCoenraadEsveldCoenraadEsveldDelftUniversityofTechnologyEsveldConsultingServicesDelftUniversityofTechnologyEsveldConsultingServices2ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlDAMAGEDUETOPOORWELDGEOMETRYDAMAGEDUETOPOORWELDGEOMETRY3ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlEXISTINGWELDGEOMETRYSTANDARDSEXISTINGWELDGEOMETRYSTANDARDSForexampleVersine:0ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlThedynamiccontactforceasafunctionofthefirsttimederivative:Thedynamiccontactforceasafunctionofthefirsttimederivative:VELOCITYAPPROACHVELOCITYAPPROACHzvu(t)=z(t)MK2dyndzFCv*dx=2dyndzFCv*dx=5ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlzQI≤1:AcceptedzQI>1:RejectedzQI≤1:AcceptedzQI>1:RejectedQUALITYINDICES(QI)QUALITYINDICES(QI)maxmaxnormnormdzFdxQI1OKdzFdx==≤maxmaxnormnormdzFdxQI1OKdzFdx==≤6ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlFORCE-BASEDSTANDARDSFORCE-BASEDSTANDARDS1.
4mrad50kN100km/h0.
7mrad140kN300km/hInclinationFDynVelocity0.
9mrad65kN200km/h1.
8mrad35kN140km/h2.
4mrad15kN80km/h3.
2mrad5kN40km/hQI=1QI=1ConventionalConventionalHSLHSLHHHHImplementedinRAILPROFImplementedinRAILPROFTotalforceinprinciple225kNTotalforceinprinciple225kN7ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlNEWVERSUSOLDNORMNEWVERSUSOLDNORM1.
00.
30OldNorm0.
70.
21300km/hInclination[mrad]Versine[mm]Velocity0.
90.
27200km/h1.
80.
54140km/h2.
40.
7280km/h3.
20.
9640km/h0dz2zdx20.
31.
0mrad2πλπ==≈0dz2zdx20.
31.
0mrad2πλπ==≈02xzzsinπλ=02xzzsinπλ=2mλ=2mλ=02z02z0z0.
3mm=0z0.
3mm=For80km/hthenewnormis2.
4timesmorefavorablethantheoldnorm,providedshortwaveshavebeengroundoff.
For80km/hthenewnormis2.
4timesmorefavorablethantheoldnorm,providedshortwaveshavebeengroundoff.
8ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlLATERALGEOMETRYSTANDARDSLATERALGEOMETRYSTANDARDS0.
5mm300km/hVersineVelocity0.
5mm200km/h0.
5mm140km/h0.
7mm80km/h1.
0mm40km/hQI=1QI=1ImplementedinRAILPROFImplementedinRAILPROF9ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlASSESSMENTOLDANDNEWONPRORAILASSESSMENTOLDANDNEWONPRORAILRP002432RP002432RP002945RP002945RP002949RP002949RP003125RP003125Oldnorm:Rejected,New:OKOldnorm:Rejected,New:OKOldnorm:OK,New:RejectedOldnorm:Rejected,New:Rejected10ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlSELECTIONONPRORAILSELECTIONONPRORAIL00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequencyCDFMoerdijk-Dordrecht(VSRT)Delft-DenHaagLageZwaluwe-HollandsDiep0123456789WeldQualityIndex[-](140km/h)81%60%31%1.
8mrad(140km/h)1.
8mrad(140km/h)Limitat80km/hLimitat80km/h100weldspergroup100weldspergroup11ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlOLDVERSUSNEWSTANDARDSOLDVERSUSNEWSTANDARDS00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239welds00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239weldsQInormat140km/his3timesmorefavorablethanoldnorm00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239welds00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239weldsQInormat140km/his3timesmorefavorablethanoldnorm12ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nly=18,62x+20,93R2=0,0905010000,250,50,7511,25versine[mm]max.
dyn.
contactforce[kN]y=4,33xR2=0,9105010005101520max.
discretisedgradient(5mmbasis)[mrad]max.
dyn.
contactforce[kN]LowcorrelationforceandversineLowcorrelationforceandversineHighcorrelationforceandQIHighcorrelationforceandQICALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCESCALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCES13ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlDynamicforcelinearwithQIDynamicforcelinearwithQIDynamicforcelinearwithtrainspeedDynamicforcelinearwithtrainspeed0204060801001201401600246810max.
weldslope[mrad]Fdyn[kN]v=300km/hv=140km/hv=80km/hv=40km/hy=0,28xR2=0,98020406080100050100150200250300trainspeed[km/h]Fdyn[kN]slope:5mradCALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCESCALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCES14ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlAXLEBOXACCELERATIONSAXLEBOXACCELERATIONSDynamicamplificationlessthan2.
2Dynamicamplificationlessthan2.
2y=0,23x+1,11R2=0,5911,21,41,61,822,200,511,522,53QI(140km/h)DAF(750Hz)15ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlProcedure:zSampleweldgeometrywithdigitalstraightedgezFiltermeasuredsignalzDetermine1stderivative(inclination)zNormalizewithinterventionvalueforlinespeedzCalculateQI.
zQIECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlPRACTICALIMPLEMENTATIONPRACTICALIMPLEMENTATION17ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlPDASCREENPDASCREENV=140km/hQI=1.
06V=140km/hQI=1.
06QIuniquelyshowswheretogrindQIuniquelyshowswheretogrind18ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlDESKTOPSOFTWAREDESKTOPSOFTWAREAlldataandgraphscanbeshownonaPC;Resultsinpdf-formatcandirectlybeemailedtocustomer.
AlldataandgraphscanbeshownonaPC;Resultsinpdf-formatcandirectlybeemailedtocustomer.
19ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS1.
Theorybasedonfirstderivativeworksfineinpractice;2.
Steelstraightedgeisabsolutelyinadequate;3.
InsteadelectronicstraightedgeswithQI(RAILPROF);4.
HighcorrelationofforceandQI,lowcorrelationwithversine;5.
WithRAILPROFQImeasurement:Youseewhatyoudo;Higherquality;Lessrejectionsprovidedshortwavesaregroundproperly(alsonegativeweldsallowed);Extensionoflifecycle.
1.
Theorybasedonfirstderivativeworksfineinpractice;2.
Steelstraightedgeisabsolutelyinadequate;3.
InsteadelectronicstraightedgeswithQI(RAILPROF);4.
HighcorrelationofforceandQI,lowcorrelationwithversine;5.
WithRAILPROFQImeasurement:Youseewhatyoudo;Higherquality;Lessrejectionsprovidedshortwavesaregroundproperly(alsonegativeweldsallowed);Extensionoflifecycle.
OneTechCloud发布了本月促销信息,全场VPS主机月付9折,季付8折,优惠后香港VPS月付25.2元起,美国CN2 GIA线路高防VPS月付31.5元起。这是一家2019年成立的国人主机商,提供VPS主机和独立服务器租用,产品数据中心包括美国洛杉矶和中国香港,Cera的机器,VPS基于KVM架构,采用SSD硬盘,其中美国洛杉矶回程CN2 GIA,可选高防。下面列出部分套餐配置信息。美国CN...
国外主机测评昨天接到Hostigger(现Hostiger)商家邮件推送,称其又推出了一款特价大内存VPS,机房位于土耳其的亚欧交界城市伊斯坦布尔,核50G SSD硬盘200Mbps带宽不限月流量只要$59/年。 最近一次分享的促销信息还是5月底,当时商家推出的是同机房同配置的大内存VPS,价格是$59.99/年,不过内存只有10G,虽然同样是大内存,但想必这次商家给出16G,价格却是$59/年,...
DogYun(中文名称狗云)新上了一批韩国自动化上架独立服务器,使用月减200元优惠码后仅需每月300元,双E5 CPU,SSD+NVMe高性能硬盘,支持安装Linux或者Windows操作系统,下单自动化上架。这是一家成立于2019年的国人主机商,提供VPS和独立服务器租用等产品,数据中心包括中国香港、美国洛杉矶、日本、韩国、德国、荷兰等。下面分享这款自动化上架韩国独立服务器的配置和优惠码信息。...
ecs为你推荐
绵阳电信绵阳电信宽带资费ghostxp3ghost xp sp3 和 windows xp3有啥区别flash导航条谁来帮我看看这样的flash导航条 下面的页面该怎么设计arm开发板想购买一个ARM开发板,选什么类型的好今日热点怎么删除今日热点怎么卸载删除 今日热点新闻彻底卸载删vbscript教程请教一下高手们,这个VBS脚本难不难啊,我想学学这个,但是又不知道该从哪入手,希望高手指点指点??xv播放器下载求手机可以看xv格式的视频播放器免费免费建站电脑上有真正免费的网站吗??idc前线穿越火线河北的服务器好卡 有人知道怎么回事嘛 知道的速回分词技术中文分词的应用
顶级域名 php主机空间 查询ip地址 n点虚拟主机管理系统 香港ufo edis ssh帐号 国内php空间 湖南服务器托管 网通服务器托管 免费cdn 香港亚马逊 便宜空间 阿里云官方网站 英雄联盟台服官网 服务器防御 phpinfo windowsserver2008r2 2016黑色星期五 so域名 更多