1ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlFORCE-BASEDASSESSMENTOFWELDGEOMETRYFORCE-BASEDASSESSMENTOFWELDGEOMETRYCoenraadEsveldCoenraadEsveldDelftUniversityofTechnologyEsveldConsultingServicesDelftUniversityofTechnologyEsveldConsultingServices2ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlDAMAGEDUETOPOORWELDGEOMETRYDAMAGEDUETOPOORWELDGEOMETRY3ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlEXISTINGWELDGEOMETRYSTANDARDSEXISTINGWELDGEOMETRYSTANDARDSForexampleVersine:0ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlThedynamiccontactforceasafunctionofthefirsttimederivative:Thedynamiccontactforceasafunctionofthefirsttimederivative:VELOCITYAPPROACHVELOCITYAPPROACHzvu(t)=z(t)MK2dyndzFCv*dx=2dyndzFCv*dx=5ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlzQI≤1:AcceptedzQI>1:RejectedzQI≤1:AcceptedzQI>1:RejectedQUALITYINDICES(QI)QUALITYINDICES(QI)maxmaxnormnormdzFdxQI1OKdzFdx==≤maxmaxnormnormdzFdxQI1OKdzFdx==≤6ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlFORCE-BASEDSTANDARDSFORCE-BASEDSTANDARDS1.
4mrad50kN100km/h0.
7mrad140kN300km/hInclinationFDynVelocity0.
9mrad65kN200km/h1.
8mrad35kN140km/h2.
4mrad15kN80km/h3.
2mrad5kN40km/hQI=1QI=1ConventionalConventionalHSLHSLHHHHImplementedinRAILPROFImplementedinRAILPROFTotalforceinprinciple225kNTotalforceinprinciple225kN7ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlNEWVERSUSOLDNORMNEWVERSUSOLDNORM1.
00.
30OldNorm0.
70.
21300km/hInclination[mrad]Versine[mm]Velocity0.
90.
27200km/h1.
80.
54140km/h2.
40.
7280km/h3.
20.
9640km/h0dz2zdx20.
31.
0mrad2πλπ==≈0dz2zdx20.
31.
0mrad2πλπ==≈02xzzsinπλ=02xzzsinπλ=2mλ=2mλ=02z02z0z0.
3mm=0z0.
3mm=For80km/hthenewnormis2.
4timesmorefavorablethantheoldnorm,providedshortwaveshavebeengroundoff.
For80km/hthenewnormis2.
4timesmorefavorablethantheoldnorm,providedshortwaveshavebeengroundoff.
8ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlLATERALGEOMETRYSTANDARDSLATERALGEOMETRYSTANDARDS0.
5mm300km/hVersineVelocity0.
5mm200km/h0.
5mm140km/h0.
7mm80km/h1.
0mm40km/hQI=1QI=1ImplementedinRAILPROFImplementedinRAILPROF9ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlASSESSMENTOLDANDNEWONPRORAILASSESSMENTOLDANDNEWONPRORAILRP002432RP002432RP002945RP002945RP002949RP002949RP003125RP003125Oldnorm:Rejected,New:OKOldnorm:Rejected,New:OKOldnorm:OK,New:RejectedOldnorm:Rejected,New:Rejected10ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlSELECTIONONPRORAILSELECTIONONPRORAIL00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequencyCDFMoerdijk-Dordrecht(VSRT)Delft-DenHaagLageZwaluwe-HollandsDiep0123456789WeldQualityIndex[-](140km/h)81%60%31%1.
8mrad(140km/h)1.
8mrad(140km/h)Limitat80km/hLimitat80km/h100weldspergroup100weldspergroup11ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlOLDVERSUSNEWSTANDARDSOLDVERSUSNEWSTANDARDS00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239welds00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239weldsQInormat140km/his3timesmorefavorablethanoldnorm00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239welds00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239weldsQInormat140km/his3timesmorefavorablethanoldnorm12ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nly=18,62x+20,93R2=0,0905010000,250,50,7511,25versine[mm]max.
dyn.
contactforce[kN]y=4,33xR2=0,9105010005101520max.
discretisedgradient(5mmbasis)[mrad]max.
dyn.
contactforce[kN]LowcorrelationforceandversineLowcorrelationforceandversineHighcorrelationforceandQIHighcorrelationforceandQICALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCESCALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCES13ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlDynamicforcelinearwithQIDynamicforcelinearwithQIDynamicforcelinearwithtrainspeedDynamicforcelinearwithtrainspeed0204060801001201401600246810max.
weldslope[mrad]Fdyn[kN]v=300km/hv=140km/hv=80km/hv=40km/hy=0,28xR2=0,98020406080100050100150200250300trainspeed[km/h]Fdyn[kN]slope:5mradCALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCESCALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCES14ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlAXLEBOXACCELERATIONSAXLEBOXACCELERATIONSDynamicamplificationlessthan2.
2Dynamicamplificationlessthan2.
2y=0,23x+1,11R2=0,5911,21,41,61,822,200,511,522,53QI(140km/h)DAF(750Hz)15ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlProcedure:zSampleweldgeometrywithdigitalstraightedgezFiltermeasuredsignalzDetermine1stderivative(inclination)zNormalizewithinterventionvalueforlinespeedzCalculateQI.
zQIECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlPRACTICALIMPLEMENTATIONPRACTICALIMPLEMENTATION17ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlPDASCREENPDASCREENV=140km/hQI=1.
06V=140km/hQI=1.
06QIuniquelyshowswheretogrindQIuniquelyshowswheretogrind18ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlDESKTOPSOFTWAREDESKTOPSOFTWAREAlldataandgraphscanbeshownonaPC;Resultsinpdf-formatcandirectlybeemailedtocustomer.
AlldataandgraphscanbeshownonaPC;Resultsinpdf-formatcandirectlybeemailedtocustomer.
19ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS1.
Theorybasedonfirstderivativeworksfineinpractice;2.
Steelstraightedgeisabsolutelyinadequate;3.
InsteadelectronicstraightedgeswithQI(RAILPROF);4.
HighcorrelationofforceandQI,lowcorrelationwithversine;5.
WithRAILPROFQImeasurement:Youseewhatyoudo;Higherquality;Lessrejectionsprovidedshortwavesaregroundproperly(alsonegativeweldsallowed);Extensionoflifecycle.
1.
Theorybasedonfirstderivativeworksfineinpractice;2.
Steelstraightedgeisabsolutelyinadequate;3.
InsteadelectronicstraightedgeswithQI(RAILPROF);4.
HighcorrelationofforceandQI,lowcorrelationwithversine;5.
WithRAILPROFQImeasurement:Youseewhatyoudo;Higherquality;Lessrejectionsprovidedshortwavesaregroundproperly(alsonegativeweldsallowed);Extensionoflifecycle.
搬瓦工怎么样?这几天收到搬瓦工发来的邮件,告知香港pccw机房(HKHK_1)即将关闭,这也不算是什么出乎意料的事情,反而他不关闭我倒觉得奇怪。因为目前搬瓦工香港cn2 GIA 机房和香港pccw机房价格、配置都一样,可以互相迁移,但是不管是速度还是延迟还是丢包率,搬瓦工香港PCCW机房都比不上香港cn2 gia 机房,所以不知道香港 PCCW 机房存在还有什么意义?关闭也是理所当然的事情。点击进...
韩国服务器怎么样?韩国云服务器租用推荐?韩国服务器距离中国近,有天然的地域优势,韩国服务器速度快而且非常稳定!有不少有亚洲市场的外贸公司选择韩国服务器开拓业务,韩国服务器因自身的优势也受到不少用户的青睐。目前的IDC市场上,韩国、香港、美国三个地方的服务器几乎占据了海外服务器的百分之九十以上。韩国服务器相比美国服务器来说速度更快,而相比香港机房来说则带宽更充足,占用市场份额非常大。那么,韩国服务器...
亚洲云Asiayun怎么样?亚洲云Asiayun好不好?亚洲云成立于2021年,隶属于上海玥悠悠云计算有限公司(Yyyisp),是一家新国人IDC商家,且正规持证IDC/ISP/CDN,商家主要提供数据中心基础服务、互联网业务解决方案,及专属服务器租用、云服务器、云虚拟主机、专属服务器托管、带宽租用等产品和服务。Asiayun提供源自大陆、香港、韩国和美国等地骨干级机房优质资源,包括B...
ecs为你推荐
外网和内网内网和外网是什么意思啊??赵雨润《星辰变》电影什么时候能开机拍呢?人人时光机五月天的专辑都有哪些?天天酷跑刷积分教程天天酷跑积分怎么获得 天天酷跑刷积分方法1433端口怎么去看1433端口1433端口1433端口怎么打开安卓应用平台手机系统应用在哪彩信中心短信中心号码是多少硬盘人移动硬盘的优缺点开机滚动条怎么减少开机滚动条?
北京虚拟主机租用 哈尔滨域名注册 最新代理服务器ip linode l5520 国外bt hnyd 卡巴斯基永久免费版 合肥鹏博士 dux 新天域互联 世界测速 云服务器比较 贵阳电信 万网注册 存储服务器 中国电信宽带测速 服务器防御 香港博客 web是什么意思 更多