deedsreadnovel

LongevitydependsupontheeconomyandhealthcarePaulR.
EarlFacultaddeCienciasBiológicasUniversidadAutónomadeNuevoLeónSanNicolás,NL,MexicoWithoutforgettingWallacethecooriginatorofdarwinianevolution,weshallquoteDarwin:InOctober1838,thatis,fifteenmonthsafterIhadbegunmysystematicinquiry,IhappenedtoreadforamusementMalthusonPopulation,andbeingwellpreparedtoappreciatethestruggleforexistencewhicheverywheregoesonfromlong-continuedobservationofthehabitsofanimalsandplants,itatoncestruckmethatunderthesecircumstancesfavourablevariationswouldtendtobepreserved,andunfavourableonestobedestroyed.
Theresultsofthiswouldbetheformationofanewspecies.
Here,thenIhadatlastgotatheorybywhichtowork".
Thepurposeofthislectureistoexamineeffectsofpopulationexpansiononthestandardofliving,tolookatthephilosophicrootsofnotionsonthesurvivalofthefittestandtoappreciatethestarvingAfricanoverpopulationsnowbeingdecimatedbyhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)sothatlifeexpectancyisoppositetothatdesired.
PopulationcontrolThewesternpublicviewpointistoencourageteachingcontraceptionglobally,butnottousesterilizationorabortion.
Economics,philosophyandevolutionwillcontinuetobemuchinvolvedwithprogresstowardsabetterlifethatincludesdiseaseeradications.
Smallpox,polioandmeaslesleadtheway.
Nonetheless,theverymanyotherimportantglobaleradicationslieunknowninthefuture.
Sincewedonothavethenecessarydata,theproblemcannotbesolved.
Whenaproblemiswelldefinedoftenitthencanbesolved,thustheleastwemightdoistotakestepsintherightdirection.
Thecoincidenceofpoverty,diseasesandlackofresourcesinaruralsettingisacommonstate.
Theredistributionofwealthwithpovertyasthecentraldeficitnotpopulationsizeismarxist.
Contraceptionisantireligious,butMalthusianbehaviorwasbyabstinence,andin19thcenturypracticebycoitusinterruptus.
Statepoliciesonbirthcontrolobviouslyhavenothingtodowithevolution,eveniftheyopposereligionandtradition.
Diseaseeradication,overpopulation,soilerosionandpovertyneednotberelated,butmostlikelytheyare.
Also,thepeopleadvocatingoneprocessmaywellbepromotinganother.
Issuesarelikelymorecomplicatedthantheyseem,andmuchofcentralEuropeancultureislonginvolvedwiththedeclineoftheinstitutionsandthechurches.
Regardlessofthis,thehardgoingisinsubSaharaAfricaasinZambia,ZimbabweandinotherdesperatenationslikeIndiathathas1billionpeople.
Withformerlyexpandingpopulations,thesecentralAfricancountriesarehungryandseriouslydiseased,e.
g.
,malarious.
Medicines,foodandmoneyarebeingpouredin,yetalltheMalthusianevilsincludingcivilwarprevail,notthegooddeedsandintentionsofmissionarytraditionthatareswallowedbythebirthrates.
HIViscuttingthelifespaninhalfsothatmanyAfricanpeoplelivelessthan40years.
Livesareshorter,morehungryandmorediseased,especiallywithTB.
WhatwouldshedohadshenotproducedaboyViewsonbirthcontrolThewoman'sandhumanrightsperspectiveassociatesaregimeofhighbirthrateswiththedenialofhumanrights.
Advocatesoftheserightsmaysaythatthesubordinationofwomenkeepsthebirthratehigh.
Somemedicalschoolshavehalfwomenstudentstoday,almostunheardof25yearsago.
Theparticipationofwomeninlabor,andthecontraceptionrevolutionchangethefamilyandperhapslowersocialcohesion.
Regardless,womengainrespectbyearningmoneyandthusraisingtheirstandardofliving.
FailuretoknowanythingaboutthesemoderncustomsrelatingtoongoingsecondtransitiondemographyletMalthusfallintoaterriblemistake.
Immigrationcontrolisanexampleofprotectingthestatusquo.
Incontrast,Canadashortofahomemarketneedstoimportpeople.
Ithasalonghistoryofhavingtogetridofagriculturalsurpluseslikewheatpaidforbyindustrialworker-taxpayers,aproblemsometimesworsenedbytheUSdumpinggrainsinEurope.
Suspiciousofattemptslikethepilltoregulatefertility,thepronatalistsareinspiredbyreligiousobjectionstobirthcontrol.
Theyarguethatpopulationgrowthisnotaproblem,yetwhereitistruelyabenefitisstillanotherstory.
Whensomemoralistcommentedthat,"Drinkisthecurseoftheworkingclasses,"theobviousreplywasmadethat,"Workwasthecurseofthedrinkingclasses,"andsomuchargumentsometimesnevertobesolveddependsuponpointofviewthathasitsowntraditions.
IsthereachoiceonlybetweenmorepeopleorahigherstandardoflivingTheBlackDeathproducedahigherstandardoflivingbeforetheIndustrialrevolution.
DoesmorefoodandothergoodsbymechanizedefficiencymeanmorericherpeopleWhatistheMalthusiantheoryDoescontraceptionallowwomentowinrespect,becausewithittheycanenterthejobmarket.
Whydon'tpeoplelikeMalthusianthoughtThistheorywhichcaptivatedWallace,Darwin,Huxley&Galton,class-conscienciousEnglishmen,appliesinsomecases,yetdoesnothaveexperimentalproofs.
Pleaseobjecttoitifyoulike!
Aspopulationincreases,willlandrentsriseNo,buttheydidin1800inthegiantfarmcalledEngland.
InUSA,thedeclineinfarmlandvaluerelativetoannualgrossnationalproduct(GNP)wentfrom88%in1870tolessthan5%in1990,anenormousdeclineand,todate,astrongMalthusiancontradiction.
Veryfewpeopleareneededtoworkinefficientagriculture.
Theruralcommunitiesproduceanduseunskilledunemployablelaborofthemigranttype.
In1830theworld'spopulationreachedONEBILLION,andin19302BILLION.
Nowit'sover7BILLION.
Uponseeingthepopulationgrowthcurve,thequestionis:Whatisgoingtohappen,"andasatisfactoryworldpredictionseemsunlikely,atleastonethatsatisfiesthemajority.
Malthusishistoricallywrong,andgloom&doomhaveyettosurface.
Still,complaintsaboutlackofwaterarecommonworldwide.
CandiseasesbeeliminatedlocallyorgloballyWhathappenswhendiseaseXiseradicatedDothosehealthybenefactorsandthustheircommunitygainproductivelabortimeandpaylessinmedicalexpensesChagasdisease,trachoma,malariaandothersinafewothernationslikeMexicoareindeedcostly,buthardlyanyattemptismadetoreducethem.
DiosMio.
Ofcourse,thegreatermenaceisworldwideHIV/AIDSthatcanbeeliminatedbycondomeducation.
EarlydemographicdevelopmentscenteredontheIndustrialevolution,andthesesocialchangesinvolvedEnglandwithmuchofthecentralEuropeanculturefinallyfocusingonmarxismaswitnessedbytheRussianrevolutionof1917.
ManyquitedifferentissuesareandwerepromptedbytheIndustrialrevolution.
DiscoveriesofthefantasticfaunaandfloraoutsideEuropeledtolamarkianthendarwinianevolution.
Bibliographicsketchesof7philosophersThecultureincludesbirthcontrolandeugenics,thedistributionofwealth,neodarwinism,women'srightsdatingfromseekingthevotebefore1900,andthepresentdeclinesininstitutionalandchurchsocialcohesion.
Allthesematterssincethe18thcenturyareinstatesoffluxcalledtransitions.
Epidemiologyrelatesstronglytoeradicationandtothecostofdiseases,yethasweakrelationswitheconomics.
WhatwillresultsociallyfromdeterminedinvestmentsinsomediseaseeradicationsForinstance,moreprofitableemploymentwithoutlostsickdaysisanissue.
Economics,ecologyandsocialbiologyhavealonginteractivepast,influencedbythecareersofthemensketchedhere.
Thegoalcouldbebetterlearningaboutpopulation,diseaseandenvironment.
Thenitseemsthatthemenwhofosteredthesephilosophicchangesoughttobebetterknown,especiallysinceindividuals,thefamily,institutionsandthechurcharestillthenotablesocialissues,andmarriagemightbecomeanheirloom.
Cohabitationpostponeschildren.
WehavetoseenowaseverthatTANGIBLEisnotSPIRITUAL.
These7menalongwiththeCambridgeeconomistKeynesandmanyothershavedonealotofthinkingforyou,andmuchoftheirthoughtwasagnostic,touseHuxley'sword.
Incidentaly,hewroteonHumein1879.
"HumeisourPolitics,HumeisourTrade,HumeisourPhilosophy,HumeisourReligion,"wrote19thcenturyBritishidealistphilosopherJamesHutchisonStirling(1820-1909).
AdamSmith(1723-1790),anotherScot,wasmuchinfluencedbyHume.
Inturn,hisinfluenceranthroughDavidRicardo(1772-1823;ThePrinciplesofPoliticalEconomyandTaxation,1817)andKarlMarxinthe19thcentury,andthroughtoJohnMaynardKeynes(1883-1946;TheGeneralTheoryofEmployment,InterestandMoney,1936)inthe20th.
Smith'smainworkwasTheWealthofNations.
KeyneswroteonMalthusin1935,andonAdamSmithandofcourseonDavidHume,bothin1938,thusdemonstratinghowclosethephilosophicsystemreallyis.
JeaneJacquesRousseau(1712-1778)Duringthenext4yearsatMontmorency,Rousseauproduced3majorworks:TheNewHeloise(1761),themostwidelyreadnovelofhisday);TheSocialContract(1762),onpoliticaltheory;andmile(May1762),aclassicstatementofeducation.
The'heretical'discussionofreligioninmilecausedRousseauproblemswiththeChurchinFrance.
In1766hewenttoEngland(Derbyshire),andlatertoHume'shouseinBuckinghamStreet,London).
Aparanoiac,hefelloutwithHumewhohadmuchbefriendedhim.
ThenextyearhereturnedtoFrance.
Aconditionofhisreturnwashisagreementnottopublishhiswork.
ThomasRobertMalthus(1766-1823)Malthuswasconcernedaboutwhathesawasthedeclineoflivingconditionsin19thcenturyEngland.
Heblamedthison3elements:Theoverproductionofyoung;theinabilityofresourcestokeepupwiththerisinghumanpopulationandtheirresponsibilityofthelowerclasses.
Tocombatthis,Malthussuggestedthefamilysizeofthelowerclassoughttoberegulatedsuchthatpoorfamiliesdonotproducemorechildrenthantheycansupport.
SeenewargumentsbytheClubofRomehttp://www.
clubofrome.
org/links/index.
php