sensorrepaired

T.
R.
T.
R.
THEMINISTRYOFTHEMINISTRYOFENVIRONMENTANDFORESTRYENVIRONMENTANDFORESTRYTURKISHSTATEMETEOROLOGICALSERVICETURKISHSTATEMETEOROLOGICALSERVICEMODERNIZATIONOFMODERNIZATIONOFOBSERVATIONNETWORKOBSERVATIONNETWORKINTURKEYINTURKEYErcanBüyükbaErcanBüyükbaManagerManagerElectronicElectronicObservingObservingSystemsSystemsDivisionDivisionCONTENTSCONTENTS1.
INTRODUCTION2.
OBSERVATIONNETWORK3.
MODERNIZATIONSTUDIES4.
CONCLUSION1.
INTRODUCTION1.
INTRODUCTIONInlinewiththeincreasingneedsofthedevelopingworld,ithasbecomeanecessitytoobtainmorereliableandcontinuousmeteorologicaldataandtransferthesedatainduecoursetothosewhoareconcerned.
Todaymanysectorssuchasaviation,transportation,agriculture,construction,tourism,health,justice,security,nationaldefence,writtenandvisualpress,andsportsareverymuchinneedofmeteorologicaldatasupport.
TurkishStateMeteorologicalService(TSMS)startedin1997themodernisationstudiesofmeteorologicalsystems,preparedinvestmentsprojectsofgreatimportanceandgotdowntoexecutionofthemataveryhighspeedwithaviewtorenderingthebestservicetoalluserswhodemandmeteorologicalsupport,andfurnishtheuserswithmorereliabledatacontinuallyandtoputtotheserviceofthedomesticandinternationaluserstheproductsandinnovationsdevelopedbymoderntechnologyinthefieldofmeteorology.
Oneofthosemodernisationstudiesistherenovationoftheexistingobservationnetworkandestablishmentofautomatedmeasuringandreportingsystems,i.
e.
AWOS.
Ingeneral,twotypesofobservationhavebeenmadeinTurkeybutthispresentationcoversthemodernisationstudiesofthesurfaceobservationsystemsonly.
2.
2.
OBSERVATIONNETWORKOBSERVATIONNETWORKTSMShasbeenoperatingameteorologicalobservationnetworkspreadalloverthecountryconsistingof:climatologicstations–339(161automated)synopticstations–110(45automated)airportstations–65(22automated)automatedwindmeasuringandmonitoringsystems-41weatherradars–4radiosondestations–7satellitereceivingsystem-1Thesurfaceobservationnetworkbeforetheimplementationofmodernizationprogram;Mainlyun-automatedConventionalmeteorologicalinstrumentsAfewautomatedobservationinstruments33.
.
MODERNIZATIONSTUDIESMODERNIZATIONSTUDIESAfterstartingthemodernizationprogramin1997,stationsinthewesternpartofTurkeyhavebeenequippedwithautomatedweatherobservingsystems,weatherradarsandsatellitebasedcommunicationsystem(VSAT).
Thosestudiesarestillinprogressandremainpartofthenetworkisplannedtobeequippedwithautomatedsystemsby2010.
Someoftheproposedsystemswithinthescopeofmodernizationprogramhavealreadybeeninstalledandputintotheservice.
Theseare:C-BandMeteorologicalDopplerRadar(4)AutomatedWeatherObservationSystems(228)ElectronicWindMeasuringSystems(41)GPSbasedradiosondestations(7)SatelliteBasedCommunicationSystem(VSAT-228)MeteorologicalSatelliteReceivingSystem(1)MessageSwitchingSystem(1)33.
.
1.
1.
AutomatedAutomatedWeatherWeatherObservingObservingSystemsSystems(AWOS)(AWOS)AutomatedWeatherObservationStationisacompleteobservingsetconsistingof:sensorsandsensorinterfacesdatacollectionunitcentralcontrolandprocessingunitdisplayunitcommunicationinterfacespowersupplies3.
2.
3.
2.
SiteselectionSiteselectionDeterminationofthecorrectlocationstoinstallAWOSsisthefirstandthemostimportantstepforoverallsuccessoftheproject.
TheselocationshavebeendeterminedbyTSMSconsideringWMOrecommendations.
Duringthatdeterminationstudyfollowingcriteriawereconsidered:typesofmeteorologicalparameterstobemeasuredpurposeofobtainingthoseparametersvariabilityofparametersaccordingtotheotherplacesaroundthestationthesizeoftheareapresentedbythestationsuitabilityformeteorologicalobservationinfrastructureandcommunicationfacilities3.
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GeneralsystemarchitectureGeneralsystemarchitectureAgeneralarchitectureandsystemcomponentsofAWOSnetworkisshownbelow.
ThisconfigurationusestheVSATnetworkastheprimarycommunicationsmedium.
AsecondarycommunicationchannelusingPSTNisproposedformaintenancepurposesaswellasabackuplineiftheVSATnetworkbecomesunserviceable.
TheObserverconsoleisauserfriendlysystemthatdisplaysmeteorologicalinformationcomingfromaDataCollectionUnit(DCU)aswellasallowanobservertomanuallysupplementothermeteorologicalvariablessuchascloud,visibility,weather,phenomena,etc.
intotheoverallstationobservationprocess.
TheconsoleautomaticallyacceptsdatafromaDCUandlogthisinformationinitslocaldatabase.
ObserverObserverConsoleConsoleScreenScreenTheNetworkMonitorTerminalisacentralisedcomputersystemusedbyoperationalstaffintheforecastingcentretoviewandcontrolautomatedsurfaceobservationnetwork.
Thatterminalallowstheoperatorstointerrogateastationanduploadhigh-resolution(10min.
,1min.
)datathatisloggedwithintheObserverconsoleorDCUintheremotestationtosupportforecastingactivities,scientificresearchanddatamanagementactivities.
TheNetworkMaintenanceTerminalisacentralisedcomputersystemusedbythemaintenancestafftoassistinthemaintenanceoftheautomatedsurfaceobservationnetwork.
Byusingthisterminal,maintenancestaffcananalysestatusanddiagnosticsinformationontheoperationalnetwork.
Thesystemwouldalsoallowcentralconnectiontoanyobservationalsitetoperformremotefirst-inmaintenanceorfurthersystemdiagnosis.
ThesystemisalsousedtoremotelyupgradeoutstationsoftwareonboththeObserverConsoleandtheDCUequipment.
STATIONINFAILURECHECKTHEPARAMETERSNORMAL3.
43.
4.
Parametersmeasuredautomatically.
ParametersmeasuredautomaticallyzWindspeedzWinddirectionzAirtemperaturezDewpointzRelativehumidityzPrecipitationzAirpressurezSolarradiationzHeightofCloudbasezMORandRVRzRunwaySurfaceTemperature3.
3.
55.
Advantagesofautomatedweather.
AdvantagesofautomatedweatherobservobservingingsystemssystemsAdvantagesofautomatedsystemscanbesummarisedasfollows:Standardisationofobservations(bothtimeandquality)Continuousmeasuringofparametersdaytimeandnight-timeMoreaccurateMorereliableHigherresolutionCollectionofdatainagreatervolumeAdjustablesamplingintervalfordifferentparametersFreefromreadingerrorsFreefromsubjectivityAutomaticQCinbothcollectionandreportingstagesAutomaticmessagegenerationandtransmissionMonitoringofmeteorologicaldataAccessofarchiveddatalocallyorremotelyDatacollectionfromharshenvironments3.
3.
66.
Disadvantagesofautomated.
DisadvantagesofautomatedobservationsobservationsAutomatedobservationshavealsosomedisadvantages.
Thosesystemsrequire;OngoingperiodicmaintenancePeriodictestandcalibrationWelltrainedtechniciansandspecialistsWelltrainedoperatorsHighcostofinstrumentationandoperation3.
73.
7.
FeaturesofAWOSNetwork.
FeaturesofAWOSNetworkTheAWOSnetworkiscapableof:Collecting,processinganddisplayingmeteorologicaldataPerformingautomatedgenerationandtransmissionofmeteorologicalreportssuchasSYNOP,METAR,SPECI,etc.
BeingconfiguredtosupportawiderangeofsensorconfigurationsSupportingavastrangeofdatacommunicationoptionsManagingallcommunicationprotocolsforthevarioussensorsandotherdatacommunicationequipmentStoringallrelevantdataforsubsequentretrievalasrequiredAllowingformanualinputofadditionalinformationunabletobeautomaticallymeasuredProvidingQualityControlonbothdatameasurementsandmessagegenerationAllowingauthoriseduserstoaccessremotelyforanytaskstobeperformed3.
83.
8.
SensorsinAWOSnetwork.
SensorsinAWOSnetworkFollowingparametersaremeasuredautomaticallybythesensorsconnectedtoDCU:WindspeedWinddirectionAirtemperatureRelativehumidityAirpressurePrecipitationHeightofCloudBaseVisibilitySoilTemperaturesSoilmoistureGlobalradiationDirectradiationSnowdepthInadditiontomeasuredparameters,someparametersarecalculatedbyusingmeasureddata.
Theseare:WetbulbtemperatureDewpointVapourpressureEvaporationDiffuseradiationSunshinedurationRunwayVisualRange3.
93.
9.
NetworkMaintenance.
NetworkMaintenanceInaverynearfuture,TSMSwillbeoperatingaverylargeobservationnetworkconsistingof600automatedstations,15weatherradars,communicationequipment,etc.
Themostimportantprocessaftertheinstallationofsuchsystemsisregularmaintenanceofthenetworkandeachsubcomponent.
Maintenancepolicy:-Protectivemaintenance-Correctivemaintenance-Calibration3.
93.
9.
1.
Protectivemaintenance.
1.
ProtectivemaintenancezDailymaintenance:bylocaltechniciansand/oroperatorsgeneralsystemcontrolcheckingdatatransmission,recorders,printers,etc.
cleaningofcomponentsreportingtothecentrezWeekly-monthlymaintenance:bylocaltechniciansgeneralsystemcontrolcheckingdatatransmission,recorders,printers,etc.
cleaningofcomponentsQualitycontrolofdatareportingtothecentrez6month-andyearlymaintenance:BytrainedtechniciansfromcentregeneralsystemcontrolSystemperformancetestFieldcalibrationcheckingdatatransmission,recorders,printers,etc.
Correctionoffailuresifany3.
93.
9.
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Correctivemaintenance.
2.
CorrectivemaintenanceAnysystemfailurecanberepairedbytwoways:VLocally:Systemfailuresincertainlevelshallberepairedbylocaltechnicianswithremotesupportfrommaintenancecentre.
VFromcentre:Thefailureswhichcannotberepairedbylocaltechniciansshallbeundertheresponsibilityofsystemspecialistsandtechniciansinthecentre.
Incaseofsuchafailure,thesespecialistsortechnicianswillreachthestationassoonaspossibleandsolvetheproblem.
3.
93.
9.
3.
Calibration.
3.
CalibrationItisnecessarytocalibratethesystemstomaintainthequalityofdata.
TSMShasplannedtoupgradeitsinstrumentlaboratorytosupportthatnetwork.
Thislaboratoryisproposedtobeofsufficientstandardandstaffingtoactasthecountry'snationalstandardformeteorologicalobservationsandtopossesslinkagestotheWMORegionalInstrumentCentre,andothernationallaboratories.
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CONCLUSION.
CONCLUSIONUsingofmodernobservationsystemsseemstobeanecessitytomeettherequirements.
Itseemsverydifficultfortheautomatedsystemstoreplaceofobservers.
Whileoperatingautomatedsystemweshouldalsokeepthemanualsystemsinoperationforacertainperiodasaback-upsystemaswellforcomparison.
Theobserversshouldbetrainedfornewsystems.
Techniciansshouldhavebasicknowledgeofmeteorologywiththeknowledgeofrelatedscience.
Suchsystemsrequireperiodicmaintenanceandtechnicalservicetomaintainthesysteminoperationproperly.
Meteorologicalservicesshouldsharetheirexperiences.