disrupt免费dns
免费dns 时间:2021-04-20 阅读:()
1464XLAT:BreakingFreeofIPv4Cameron.
Byrne@T-Mobile.
comAPRICOT2014BackgroundT-MobileUSisaGSM/UMTS/LTEproviderintheUSAwith45+MillionsubscribersIn2008,T-MobilelaunchedthefirstAndroidphone.
Thisdramaticallychangedthemobiledatadynamics–moredevices,connectedforalongertime,allneedingIPaddressesT-MobileembracedtheconceptofIPv6-only,sincedual-stackrequiredIPv4thatwasnotavailableNAT64/DNS64wasagoodsolutionthatdidnotrequireIPv4oneachclient,butsomeapplicationsfailedtoworkonIPv6-onlynetworks.
ItisnotacceptabletobreakSkypeorNetflix,applicationsthatrequireIPv4T-Mobile,inpartnershipwithNECandJPIX,documented464XLATintheIETFasRFC6877toovercomethelimitationsofNAT64byaddingaNAT46intotheclient(CLAT)Android4.
3introducedsupportfor464XLATinOctober20132ResultsAreImportantT-MobileUSlaunched5Androidphoneswith464XLATasthedefaultinthelast5months,allAndroid4.
3+phoneswillbe464XLATinthefutureatT-MobileUS3.
6millionuniqueIPv6subscribersinthefirst5monthsareactiveonthenetworkhttp://www.
worldipv6launch.
org/measurements/measurementsshow15.
76%ofallT-MobileconnectionsarenowIPv6,asofFebruary21,2014Over50%ofIPv6-usertrafficisend-to-endIPv6(notranslationneeded)Thissavesmoneyandmakesthenetworksimpler315.
76ofT-MobileUSConnectionsuse464XLAT4Default464XLATPhonesatT-MobileUS5SamsungNote3Google/LGNexus5SamsungMega464XLATPhones6SonyZ1sGalaxyLight464XLATallowsforfullfunctionalityonIPv6-onlynetworksDual-stackdoesnotsolvetheIPv4numberscarcityissueIPv6-only+NAT64/DNS64isverygood,butnotgoodenoughforfullIPv4replacement(webandemailwork,butSkypedoesnotwork)IPv6-only+464XLATSolvesIPv4numberingissuebynotassigningIPv4toclientsDecouplesedgegrowthfromIPv4availabilityIPv4-onlyapplicationslikeSkypeworkonanIPv6-onlynetworkbecause464XLATtranslatesIPv4onthephonetoIPv6onthenetwork7IPv6deploymentiseasyachievableT-MobileUSAdidnotspendanyCapExonIPv6Onlyintroduce464XLATonnewphones,sowedonotdisruptanyexistingservicesInnovativethinkinghelpsreducedeploymentcosts(hash128bitnumbersinto32bitfieldsinbillingrecords)IPv6willsavemoneyinyournetwork(lessNAT/CGN,noneedtobuyIPv4addresses,…)8Infact,withroaming,wecanshowChunghwainTaiwanandMYMAXISinMalaysiasupportIPv6todayintheRadioAccessNetwork(RAN)9WhichPlatformsSupports464XLATTodayYESAndroid4.
3+NOBlackberryAppleWindowsPhone()10IMPORTANT!
AnythingthatisnativelyIPv6enableddoesnotrequireanysortoftranslation,464XLATisidleandtransparentforanyIPv6end-to-endflowIPv6end-to-endjustworks!
464XLATisonlyforserviceandapplicationsthatareusingLEGACYIPV4AsmoreandmoreservicestransitiontoIPv6,464XLATisengagedlessandless464XLATisanIPv4EXITSTRATEGY11THETECHNICALDETAILS12464XLATisjustasetofbuildingblocksStatelessNAT64(RFC6145)ClientsidetranslationCLATStatefullNAT64(RFC6146)ProvidersitetranslationPLATDNS64(RFC6147)WhentheFQDNdoesnothaveaAAAArecord,DNS64dynamicallycreatesonethatallowstheclienttouseIPv6andthenetworktranslatesfromIPv6toIPv4attheNAT64Prefix64Discovery(RFC7050)Queriesforthewell-knownFQDNipv4only.
arpa,whichisbydefinitionIPv4-only.
IfthereisaAAAAresponseprovided,thenitisknownthataDNS64isinthepath133Scenariosin464XLAT1.
End-to-endIPv6:Facebook,Google,Wikipedia,Yahoo,Youtube…IPv6->IPv62.
ApplicationsupportsIPv6(webbrowser)buttheserverisonlyIPv4(www.
amazon.
com,www.
myspace.
com,…),soDNS64/NAT64translatesIPv6->IPv43.
ApplicationdoesnotsupportIPv6(Skype,Whatsapp,…),theclientmustprovideastatelessNAT46totheapplicationandstatefulNAT64mustbeinthenetwork:IPv4->IPv6->IPv414HowdoesStatelessNAT64workAlgorithmicallymapIPv4addressestoIPv6addresses,bidirectional,1to1NotdynamicDeterministicMapsallofIPv4's32bitsintoanIPv6/96(orlargerprefix)DefinedinRFC6145Example2001:db8::10.
1.
1.
110.
1.
1.
12001:db8::10.
2.
2.
210.
2.
2.
22001:db8::www.
example.
comipv4www.
example.
com15HowdoesStatefulNAT64work16DynamicallytranslateIPv6packetstoIPv4packetsDynamicNotdeterministic(translationbasedonavailableIPv4pool)Translationstateisshort-livedandbasedonsessioncreationandterminationDefinedinRFC6146ExampleBeforetranslationTCPsource2001:db8:abcd::ffffport555#clientaddressTCPdestination2001:db8:1234::10.
1.
1.
1port80#NAT64addressAftertranslationTCPsource192.
168.
1.
1port555#192.
168.
1.
1availablefromNAT64poolTCPdestination10.
1.
1.
1port80#Last32bitsofIPv6destinationHowdoesDNS64workWhenanFQDNdoesnothaveaAAAArecord,theDNS64willsyntheticallycreateonebasedonanetworkdefinedPref64Thepref64isaprefixhostedontheNAT64fortranslationExamplewithoutDNS64Query=aandaaaaforwww.
example.
comAnswer=a=10.
1.
1.
1,aaaa=NOERRORExamplewithDNS64Query=aandaaaaforwww.
example.
comAnswer=a=10.
1.
1.
1ANDaaaa=2001:db8::10.
1.
1.
117HowisthePref64discoveredontheclientPref64istopologicallylocatedontheNAT64TheDNS64forcesclientstosendtraffictotheNAT64fortranslationfromIPv6toIPv4AutomaticdiscoveryofPref64isdefinedinRFC7050Theclientwilllookupthewell-knownFQDNipv4only.
arpa.
IfaAAAArecordispresentedforthiswell-knowIPv4-onlyFQDN,theclientcanparsetheresponsetofindthePref64usedwithinthisnetwork18Pref64ConfigurationInformationFlow19HowtomakeEVERYTHINGworkonIPv6-only20ZoomOut:Whatdoesthislooklikeinthecontextof3GPPGSM/UMTS/LTE21HighLevelViewofIPv6deployment:Phone,HLRprofile,GGSN,NAT64,IPv6ISP2223ImpacttoNetworkEntitiesImpacttoNetworkEntitiesZoomin:WhatdoesthedefaultAndroidconfigurationlooklike:clatd.
conf24Zoomin:Whatdoesthephoneconfigurationlooklike:APNSettings25InAndroid4.
3,"APNProtocolIPv6"forthe"APNTypedefault"triggerstheuseof464XLATbydefaultIPv6=464XLATTIMEFORWIRESHARK26Likemostthings,westartwithDNSTheclientisIPv6-onlytowardsthenetwork,butthehostOSthinksitisdual-stacksinceithasanIPv4CLATinterfaceandanativeIPv6radiointerfaceSo,theclientdoesaqueryforDNS"A"and"AAAA"recordsTheDNS64respondswithasynthesizedAAAAandtherealAThesynthesizedAAAA=Pref64+realIPv427QuickCheckDoesthesynthesizedAAAAmatchthepref64+realA28pref64RealIPv4Next,theUEselectstheIPv6DNSresponse,andstartsTCPFromtheclientperspective,thisisanativeIPv6end-to-endflowBut,weknowthattheDNSisasynthesizedAAAAandtheclientisactuallysendingitspacketstotheNAT64forIPv6->IPv4statefultranslationThisisjustDNS64/NAT64,noclient-sidetranslationneededforthisscenario29Thefullcaseof464XLATdoubletranslation:WhatsApp30SYNissentfromtheCLATaddress31Remember,wesettheclatd.
conftousetheIIDof::464forCLATtranslationsTheMMSsituationTheAndroidMMSfunctioncommunicatesdirectlytothemodemandby-passesthenormalOSnetworkingstackFrequentlyMMSisitsownAPNThismeans464XLATisbypassed,464XLATonlyworksonthedefaultAPN,notspecialAPNslikeSUPLandMMSSolutionsUseanFQDN,DNS64stillworksfineIfyoucannotuseanFQDN,manuallyuseaNAT64literalinsteadoftheIPv4literal(pref64+ipv4literal)32Security:FollowtheruleofleastprivilegeFilteraccesstotheDNSseverFilteraccesstothePref64ontheNAT64UsingULAPref64willNOTworkwellsinceAndroidprefersIPv4overIPv6ULA.
Thisresultsin100%CLATtranslationsforIPv4resources33SummaryIPv4doesnotfitthebusinessneedstogrowtheedgeofournetworksfueledbygrowthfrominternetofthingsandcloudIPv6workstodayandisdeployedonsomeofthelargestedgenetworks464XLATallowsnetworkstogrowwithoutmanypublicIPv4addressesIPv6deploymentin3GPPGSM/UMTS/LTEisachievabletoday34BigPicture:WemustavoidtheInternet'slargestgrowthengine(mobile)frombeingindefinitelytiedtoscarceIPv4andfragilestatefulNAT44.
Byrne@T-Mobile.
comAPRICOT2014BackgroundT-MobileUSisaGSM/UMTS/LTEproviderintheUSAwith45+MillionsubscribersIn2008,T-MobilelaunchedthefirstAndroidphone.
Thisdramaticallychangedthemobiledatadynamics–moredevices,connectedforalongertime,allneedingIPaddressesT-MobileembracedtheconceptofIPv6-only,sincedual-stackrequiredIPv4thatwasnotavailableNAT64/DNS64wasagoodsolutionthatdidnotrequireIPv4oneachclient,butsomeapplicationsfailedtoworkonIPv6-onlynetworks.
ItisnotacceptabletobreakSkypeorNetflix,applicationsthatrequireIPv4T-Mobile,inpartnershipwithNECandJPIX,documented464XLATintheIETFasRFC6877toovercomethelimitationsofNAT64byaddingaNAT46intotheclient(CLAT)Android4.
3introducedsupportfor464XLATinOctober20132ResultsAreImportantT-MobileUSlaunched5Androidphoneswith464XLATasthedefaultinthelast5months,allAndroid4.
3+phoneswillbe464XLATinthefutureatT-MobileUS3.
6millionuniqueIPv6subscribersinthefirst5monthsareactiveonthenetworkhttp://www.
worldipv6launch.
org/measurements/measurementsshow15.
76%ofallT-MobileconnectionsarenowIPv6,asofFebruary21,2014Over50%ofIPv6-usertrafficisend-to-endIPv6(notranslationneeded)Thissavesmoneyandmakesthenetworksimpler315.
76ofT-MobileUSConnectionsuse464XLAT4Default464XLATPhonesatT-MobileUS5SamsungNote3Google/LGNexus5SamsungMega464XLATPhones6SonyZ1sGalaxyLight464XLATallowsforfullfunctionalityonIPv6-onlynetworksDual-stackdoesnotsolvetheIPv4numberscarcityissueIPv6-only+NAT64/DNS64isverygood,butnotgoodenoughforfullIPv4replacement(webandemailwork,butSkypedoesnotwork)IPv6-only+464XLATSolvesIPv4numberingissuebynotassigningIPv4toclientsDecouplesedgegrowthfromIPv4availabilityIPv4-onlyapplicationslikeSkypeworkonanIPv6-onlynetworkbecause464XLATtranslatesIPv4onthephonetoIPv6onthenetwork7IPv6deploymentiseasyachievableT-MobileUSAdidnotspendanyCapExonIPv6Onlyintroduce464XLATonnewphones,sowedonotdisruptanyexistingservicesInnovativethinkinghelpsreducedeploymentcosts(hash128bitnumbersinto32bitfieldsinbillingrecords)IPv6willsavemoneyinyournetwork(lessNAT/CGN,noneedtobuyIPv4addresses,…)8Infact,withroaming,wecanshowChunghwainTaiwanandMYMAXISinMalaysiasupportIPv6todayintheRadioAccessNetwork(RAN)9WhichPlatformsSupports464XLATTodayYESAndroid4.
3+NOBlackberryAppleWindowsPhone()10IMPORTANT!
AnythingthatisnativelyIPv6enableddoesnotrequireanysortoftranslation,464XLATisidleandtransparentforanyIPv6end-to-endflowIPv6end-to-endjustworks!
464XLATisonlyforserviceandapplicationsthatareusingLEGACYIPV4AsmoreandmoreservicestransitiontoIPv6,464XLATisengagedlessandless464XLATisanIPv4EXITSTRATEGY11THETECHNICALDETAILS12464XLATisjustasetofbuildingblocksStatelessNAT64(RFC6145)ClientsidetranslationCLATStatefullNAT64(RFC6146)ProvidersitetranslationPLATDNS64(RFC6147)WhentheFQDNdoesnothaveaAAAArecord,DNS64dynamicallycreatesonethatallowstheclienttouseIPv6andthenetworktranslatesfromIPv6toIPv4attheNAT64Prefix64Discovery(RFC7050)Queriesforthewell-knownFQDNipv4only.
arpa,whichisbydefinitionIPv4-only.
IfthereisaAAAAresponseprovided,thenitisknownthataDNS64isinthepath133Scenariosin464XLAT1.
End-to-endIPv6:Facebook,Google,Wikipedia,Yahoo,Youtube…IPv6->IPv62.
ApplicationsupportsIPv6(webbrowser)buttheserverisonlyIPv4(www.
amazon.
com,www.
myspace.
com,…),soDNS64/NAT64translatesIPv6->IPv43.
ApplicationdoesnotsupportIPv6(Skype,Whatsapp,…),theclientmustprovideastatelessNAT46totheapplicationandstatefulNAT64mustbeinthenetwork:IPv4->IPv6->IPv414HowdoesStatelessNAT64workAlgorithmicallymapIPv4addressestoIPv6addresses,bidirectional,1to1NotdynamicDeterministicMapsallofIPv4's32bitsintoanIPv6/96(orlargerprefix)DefinedinRFC6145Example2001:db8::10.
1.
1.
110.
1.
1.
12001:db8::10.
2.
2.
210.
2.
2.
22001:db8::www.
example.
comipv4www.
example.
com15HowdoesStatefulNAT64work16DynamicallytranslateIPv6packetstoIPv4packetsDynamicNotdeterministic(translationbasedonavailableIPv4pool)Translationstateisshort-livedandbasedonsessioncreationandterminationDefinedinRFC6146ExampleBeforetranslationTCPsource2001:db8:abcd::ffffport555#clientaddressTCPdestination2001:db8:1234::10.
1.
1.
1port80#NAT64addressAftertranslationTCPsource192.
168.
1.
1port555#192.
168.
1.
1availablefromNAT64poolTCPdestination10.
1.
1.
1port80#Last32bitsofIPv6destinationHowdoesDNS64workWhenanFQDNdoesnothaveaAAAArecord,theDNS64willsyntheticallycreateonebasedonanetworkdefinedPref64Thepref64isaprefixhostedontheNAT64fortranslationExamplewithoutDNS64Query=aandaaaaforwww.
example.
comAnswer=a=10.
1.
1.
1,aaaa=NOERRORExamplewithDNS64Query=aandaaaaforwww.
example.
comAnswer=a=10.
1.
1.
1ANDaaaa=2001:db8::10.
1.
1.
117HowisthePref64discoveredontheclientPref64istopologicallylocatedontheNAT64TheDNS64forcesclientstosendtraffictotheNAT64fortranslationfromIPv6toIPv4AutomaticdiscoveryofPref64isdefinedinRFC7050Theclientwilllookupthewell-knownFQDNipv4only.
arpa.
IfaAAAArecordispresentedforthiswell-knowIPv4-onlyFQDN,theclientcanparsetheresponsetofindthePref64usedwithinthisnetwork18Pref64ConfigurationInformationFlow19HowtomakeEVERYTHINGworkonIPv6-only20ZoomOut:Whatdoesthislooklikeinthecontextof3GPPGSM/UMTS/LTE21HighLevelViewofIPv6deployment:Phone,HLRprofile,GGSN,NAT64,IPv6ISP2223ImpacttoNetworkEntitiesImpacttoNetworkEntitiesZoomin:WhatdoesthedefaultAndroidconfigurationlooklike:clatd.
conf24Zoomin:Whatdoesthephoneconfigurationlooklike:APNSettings25InAndroid4.
3,"APNProtocolIPv6"forthe"APNTypedefault"triggerstheuseof464XLATbydefaultIPv6=464XLATTIMEFORWIRESHARK26Likemostthings,westartwithDNSTheclientisIPv6-onlytowardsthenetwork,butthehostOSthinksitisdual-stacksinceithasanIPv4CLATinterfaceandanativeIPv6radiointerfaceSo,theclientdoesaqueryforDNS"A"and"AAAA"recordsTheDNS64respondswithasynthesizedAAAAandtherealAThesynthesizedAAAA=Pref64+realIPv427QuickCheckDoesthesynthesizedAAAAmatchthepref64+realA28pref64RealIPv4Next,theUEselectstheIPv6DNSresponse,andstartsTCPFromtheclientperspective,thisisanativeIPv6end-to-endflowBut,weknowthattheDNSisasynthesizedAAAAandtheclientisactuallysendingitspacketstotheNAT64forIPv6->IPv4statefultranslationThisisjustDNS64/NAT64,noclient-sidetranslationneededforthisscenario29Thefullcaseof464XLATdoubletranslation:WhatsApp30SYNissentfromtheCLATaddress31Remember,wesettheclatd.
conftousetheIIDof::464forCLATtranslationsTheMMSsituationTheAndroidMMSfunctioncommunicatesdirectlytothemodemandby-passesthenormalOSnetworkingstackFrequentlyMMSisitsownAPNThismeans464XLATisbypassed,464XLATonlyworksonthedefaultAPN,notspecialAPNslikeSUPLandMMSSolutionsUseanFQDN,DNS64stillworksfineIfyoucannotuseanFQDN,manuallyuseaNAT64literalinsteadoftheIPv4literal(pref64+ipv4literal)32Security:FollowtheruleofleastprivilegeFilteraccesstotheDNSseverFilteraccesstothePref64ontheNAT64UsingULAPref64willNOTworkwellsinceAndroidprefersIPv4overIPv6ULA.
Thisresultsin100%CLATtranslationsforIPv4resources33SummaryIPv4doesnotfitthebusinessneedstogrowtheedgeofournetworksfueledbygrowthfrominternetofthingsandcloudIPv6workstodayandisdeployedonsomeofthelargestedgenetworks464XLATallowsnetworkstogrowwithoutmanypublicIPv4addressesIPv6deploymentin3GPPGSM/UMTS/LTEisachievabletoday34BigPicture:WemustavoidtheInternet'slargestgrowthengine(mobile)frombeingindefinitelytiedtoscarceIPv4andfragilestatefulNAT44.
- disrupt免费dns相关文档
- IP免费dns
- features免费dns
- 支持免费dns
- Users免费dns
- 域名免费dns
- drop免费dns
华纳云新人下单立减40元/香港云服务器月付60元起，香港双向CN2（GIA）
华纳云（HNCloud Limited）是一家专业的全球数据中心基础服务提供商，总部在香港，隶属于香港联合通讯国际有限公司，拥有香港政府颁发的商业登记证明，保证用户的安全性和合规性。 华纳云是APNIC 和 ARIN 会员单位。主要提供数据中心基础服务、互联网业务解决方案， 以及香港服务器租用、香港服务器托管、香港云服务器、美国云服务器，云计算、云安全技术研发等产品和服务。其中云服务器基于成熟的 ...
Digital-vm80美元，1-10Gbps带宽日本/新加坡独立服务器
Digital-vm是一家成立于2019年的国外主机商，商家提供VPS和独立服务器租用业务，其中VPS基于KVM架构，提供1-10Gbps带宽，数据中心可选包括美国洛杉矶、日本、新加坡、挪威、西班牙、丹麦、荷兰、英国等8个地区机房；除了VPS主机外，商家还提供日本、新加坡独立服务器，同样可选1-10Gbps带宽，最低每月仅80美元起。下面列出两款独立服务器配置信息。配置一 $80/月CPU：E3-...
阿里云服务器绑定域名的几个流程整理
今天遇到一个网友，他之前一直在用阿里云虚拟主机，我们知道虚拟主机绑定域名是直接在面板上绑定的。这里由于他的网站项目流量比较大，虚拟主机是不够的，而且我看他虚拟主机已经有升级过。这里要说的是，用过阿里云虚拟主机的朋友可能会比较一下价格，实际上虚拟主机价格比云服务器还贵。所以，基于成本和性能的考虑，建议他选择云服务器。毕竟他的备案都接入在阿里云。这里在选择阿里云服务器后，他就蒙圈不知道如何绑定域名。这...
免费dns为你推荐
-
internalservererrorinternal server errorcisco2960cisco 2960 和3560cuteftpcuteFTP的使用方法？重庆400年老树穿楼生长重庆吊脚楼internetexplorer无法打开Internet Explorer 打不开了curl扩展如何增加mysqli扩展玖融网泰和网理财可信吗，泰和网理财是不是骗人的啊？？？？？？？？瞄准的拼音碰的拼音是什么tumblr上不去安卓手机版steam打不开是为什么中国保健养猪网猪场基本保健包括哪些方面？