Battery777k7.com

1101AuthorsAbouttheAuthorsPeterAlbersChapterD.
25EvonikTechnology&InfrastructureGmbHHanau,Germanypeter.
albers@evonik.
comPeterAlbersworksatEvonikTechnology&InfrastructureGmbH.
HehasaDiplomaandDoctorateinPhysicalChemistry(WestflischeWilhelmsUniversitt,Münster,1985).
HehasworkedasanIndustrialChemistforDegussaAG,Degussa-HülsAG,andEvonikIndustrieswithvariousduties.
Hehasmultidisciplinaryexpertiseinmaterialsresearchanddevelopmentincludingappliedcatalysis,particleandsurfacecharacterizationandchemicalsandhasauthoredaround130publications.
WolfAssmusChapterA.
3JohannWolfgangGoethe-UniversityDepartmentofPhysicsFrankfurtamMain,Germanyassmus@physik.
uni-frankfurt.
deWolfAssmusisProfessorEmeritusofPhysicsattheJohannWolfgangGoetheUniversity,PhysicsDepartment,FrankfurtamMain.
Heisasolid-statephysicist,especiallyinterestedinmaterialsresearchandcrystalgrowth.
Hismainresearcheldsare:materialswithhighelectroniccorrelation,quasicrystals,materialswithextremelyhighmeltingtemperatures,magnetism,andsuperconductivity.
FabriceCharraChapterE.
28Commissariatàl'nergieAtomique,SaclayDépartementdeRecherchesurl'tatCondensé,lesAtomesetlesMoléculesDRECAM-SPCSI,Centred'tudesdeSaclayGif-sur-Yvette,Francefabrice.
charra@cea.
frFabriceCharraconductsresearchintheemergingeldofnanophotonics,inthesurfacephysicslaboratoryofCEA/Saclay.
Theemphasisofhisworkisonlightemissionandabsorptionformsinglenanoscalemolecularsystems.
Hisareaofexpertisealsoextendstononlinearoptics,adomaintowhichhecontributedseveraladvancesintheapplicationsoforganicmaterials.
GianfrancoChiarotti(deceased)ChapterE.
27Roma,Italygianfranco.
chiarotti@roma2.
infn.
itGianfrancoChiarotti(1928–2017)wasaProfessorofGeneralPhysics.
HewasChairmanofthePhysicsCommitteeoftheNationalResearchCouncil(1988–1994),AssistantProfessorattheUniversityofIllinois(1955–1957),andEditorofthejournalPhysicsofSolidSurfaces.
Heworkedinthesolid-statephysicseldsofelectronicpropertiesofdefects,modulationspectroscopy,opticalpropertiesofsemiconductors,surfacephysics,andscanningtunnelingmicroscopy(STM)inorganicmaterials.
HajoDieringaChapterB.
5Helmholtz-ZentrumGeesthachtMagnesiumTechnologyatMagICGeesthacht,Germanyhajo.
dieringa@hzg.
deHajoDieringaisDeputyHeadoftheDepartmentofMagnesiumTechnologyattheMagnesiumInnovationCentreatHelmholtz-ZentrumGeesthacht.
HeisaPhysicistwithaDiplomafromtheCarlvonOssietzkyUniversityinOldenburg(1999)andreceivedaPhD(2006)fromHamburgUniversityofTechnology.
Since2000,hehasworkedondevelopmentofcreep-resistantmagnesiumalloys,high-strengthandcreep-resistantmagnesium-basedcompositesforautomotiveandaeronauticapplications,andmagnesium-basedmetalmatrixnanocomposites.
SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2018W.
Martienssen,H.
Warlimont(Eds.
),SpringerHandbookofMaterialsData,https://doi.
org/10.
1007/978-3-319-69743-7Authors1102AbouttheAuthorsClausFischerChapterD.
21formerlyInstituteforSolidStateandMaterialsResearch(IFW)Dresden,Germanya_c.
fischerdd@t-online.
deClausFischerreceivedhisPhDfromtheTechnicalUniversityDresden(Sincehisretirementin2000hecontinuestoworkasaforeignscientistofIFWintheeldofhigh-Tcsuperconductors.
)HislastpositionatIFWwasheadoftheDepartmentofSuperconductingMaterials.
Themainareasofresearchweregrowthofmetallicsinglecrystalsinparticularofmagneticmaterials,developmentsofhardmagneticmaterials,ofmaterialsforthicklmcomponentsofmicroelectronicsandoflow-Tcandhigh-Tcsuperconductingwiresandtapes.
Manyactivitieswereperformedincooperationwithindustrialmanufacturers.
JensFreudenbergerChapterB.
12formelyLeibniz-InstituteforSolidStateandMaterialsResearchDresdenDept.
ofMetalPhysicsDresden,Germanyj.
freudenberger@ifw-dresden.
deJensFreudenbergerisHeadoftheDepartmentforMetalPhysicsattheLeibnizInstituteforSolidStateandMaterialsResearchDresdenandProfessorofPhysicalMetallurgyofNon-FerrousMetalsattheUniversityofMiningandTechnologyFreiberg.
HegraduatedinPhysicsfromtheJohannWolfgangGoetheUniversityFrankfurt/MainandhasadoctoraldegreeinPhysicsfromtheUniversityofTechnologyDresden,whereheearnedhisHabilitationinMaterialsScience.
GünterFuchsChapterD.
21formelyLeibniz-InstituteforSolidStateandMaterialsResearchDresdenDept.
ofMetalPhysicsDresden,Germanyfuchs@ifw-dresden.
deDr.
GünterFuchsstudiedphysicsattheTechnicalUniversityofDresden,Germany,andreceivedhisPhDin1980onthepinningmechanisminsuperconductingNbTialloys.
Since1969hehasbeenattheInstituteofSolidStateandMaterialsResearch(IFW)inDresden.
Hisactivitiesareinsuperconductivity(HTSC,MgB2,intermetallicborocarbides)andtheapplicationsofsuperconductors.
HereceivedthePASREGAwardforoutstandingscienticachievementsintheeldofbulkcupratesuperconductorsinhighmagneticeldsin2003.
FrankE.
GoodwinChaptersB.
15,B.
16InternationalZincAssociationDept.
ofTechnology&MarketDevelopmentDurham,NC,USAfgoodwin@zinc.
orgDr.
FrankGoodwinservesasDirectorofTechnologyandMarketDevelopmentattheInternationalZincAssociation(basedinDurham,NC,USA).
Dr.
GoodwinjoinedtheInternationalLeadZincResearchOrganization(ILZRO)in1982andwasExecutiveVicePresidentofILZROin2004.
HehasSMandScDdegreesinMaterialsEngineering(MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge),andbothMAandBSdegreesinMaterialsScienceandEngineering(CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY).
SusanaGota-GoldmannChapterE.
28Commissariatàl'EnergieAtomique(CEA)DirectiondelaRechercheTechnologique(DRT)CentredeFontenayauxRosesBP6FontenayauxRosesCédex,Francesusana.
gota-goldmann@cea.
frDr.
SusanaGota-GoldmannreceivedherPhDinMaterialsScienceformtheUniversitéPierreetMarieCurie(ParisV)in1993.
AfterherPhD,shewasengagedasaresearcherintheMaterialsScienceDivisionoftheCEA(Commissariatàl'EnergieAtomique,France).
Shehasfocusedherscienticactivityonthegrowthandcharacterisationofnanometricoxidelayerswithapplicationsinspinelectronicsandphotovoltaics.
Inparallelshehasdevelopedtheuseofsynchrotronradiationtechniques(X-rayabsorptionmagneticdicroism,photoemission,resonantreectivity)forthestudyofoxidethinlayers.
Recentlyshehasmovedfromfundamentaltotechnologicalresearch.
Dr.
Gota-GoldmannisnowworkingasaprojectmanageratthescienticaffairsdirectionoftheTechnologyResearchDivision(CEA/DRT).
SivaramanGuruswamyChapterB.
15SaltLakeCity,UT,USAs.
guruswamy@utah.
eduDr.
GuruswamyisaProfessorofMetallurgicalEngineeringattheUniversityofUtah.
HeobtainedhisPh.
D.
degreeinMetallurgicalEngineeringfromtheOhioStateUniversityin1984.
Hehasmadesignicantcontributionsinseveralareasincludingmagneticmaterialsdevelopment,deformationofcompoundsemiconductors,andleadalloys.
Hiscurrentworkfocusesonmagnetostrictivematerialsandhybridthermionic/thermoelectricthermaldiodes.
AbouttheAuthors1103AuthorsGagikG.
GurzadyanChapterD.
23Garching,Germanygurzadyan@dlut.
edu.
cnGagikG.
Gurzadyan,Ph.
D.
,Dr.
Sci.
,hasextensiveexperienceinnonlinearopticsandcrystals,laserphotophysicsandspectroscopy.
HehasauthoredseveralbooksincludingtheHandbookofNonlinearOpticalCrystalspublishedbySpringer-Verlag.
HeworkedintheInstituteofSpectroscopy(USSR),CEA/Saclay(France),Max-Planck-InstituteofRadiationChemistry(Germany).
AtpresentheworksattheTechnicalUniversityofMunichwithultrafastlasersintheeldsofnonlinearphotochemistryofbiomoleculesandfemtosecondspectroscopy.
HidekiHaradaChapterD.
22Fukaya,Japankhb16457@nifty.
comDr.
HidekiHaradaischiefadvisorofmagneticmaterialsandtheirapplicationandPresidentofHighTechAssociationLtd.
,Saitama,Japan.
HeisChairmanoftheJapanAssociationofBondedMagnetIndustries(JABM)andreceivedhisPh.
D.
in1987withaworkonelectrostaticferritematerials.
HeworkedinresearchanddevelopmentofmagneticmaterialsandcementedcarbidetoolsatHitachiMetalswherehealsowasontheBoardofDirectors.
HereceivedtheJapaneseNationalAwardforIndustriesDevelopmentContribution.
BernhardHolzapfelChapterD.
21KarlsruheInstituteforTechnology(KIT)InstituteforTechnicalPhysicsEggenstein-Leopoldshafen,Germanybernhard.
holzapfel@kit.
eduDr.
BernhardHolzapfelisHeadoftheSuperconductingMaterialsgroupattheLeibnizInstituteforSolidStateandMaterialsResearch(IFW)Dresden,Germany.
Hismainareaofresearchispulsedlaserdepositionoffunctionalthinlmsandsuperconductivity.
CurrentlyheworksonthedevelopmentofHTSChighJccoatedconductorsusingionbeamassisteddepositionorhighlytexturedmetalsubstrates.
HisworkissupportedbyanumberofnationalandEuropeanfoundedresearchprojects.
KarlUlrichKainerChapterB.
5Helmholtz-ZentrumGeesthachtMagnesiumTechnologyatMagICGeesthacht,Germanykarl.
kainer@hzg.
deProfessorKarl-UlrichKainerisDirectoroftheInstituteofMaterialsResearchatHelmholtzCentreGeesthacht.
HeisalsoProfessorofMaterialsTechnologyattheUniversityofTechnology,Hamburg.
HehasaPhDinMaterialsScienceandHabilitation(1985and1996,respectively,UniversityofTechnologyClausthal).
From2006,hebecameVisitingProfessorofChongqingUniversity(China).
Hiscurrentresearchactivitiesfocusonthedevelopmentofnewmagnesiumalloysandtheirprocessing.
CatrinKammerChapterB.
6Goslar,Germanykammer@t-online.
deCatrinKammerreceivedherPhDinMaterialsSciencesfromtheTechnicalUniversityBergakademieFreibergin1989.
Shehasbeenworkingwithlightmetalsandcopperalloysandistheauthorofseveralhandbooksaboutaluminumandmagnesium.
Inaddition,sheteachesinmaterialssciencesandhaswrittenseveraltextbooksaboutmaterials.
Since2001,shehasbeenEditor-in-ChiefofthejournalMETALL,whichdealswithallnonferrousmetals.
WolframKnablChapterB.
13PlanseeSEDept.
ofDevelopmentBusinessUnitIndustriesReutte,Austriawolfram.
knabl@plansee.
comWolframKnablstudiedMaterialsScienceattheMontanuniversittLeoben(Austria)andreceivedhisPhDatPlanseeSEonthedevelopmentofoxidationprotectivecoatingsforrefractorymetals.
Between1996and2002,hewasresponsibleforthetestlaboratoriesandsincethenhasbeenworkingonprocessandproductdevelopmentsofrefractorymetalsatPlanseeSE.
HehasalsobeenlecturingonRefractoryMetalsatMontanuniversittLeobenforover10years.
Authors1104AbouttheAuthorsAlfredKoetheChapterB.
9formelyLeibniz-InstituteforSolidStateandMaterialsResearchDresdenDept.
ofMetalPhysicsDresden,Germanyalfred.
koethe@web.
deDr.
AlfredKoetheisphysicistandprofessorofMaterialsScience.
Heretiredin2000fromhispositionasheadofdepartmentintheInstituteofMetallicMaterialsattheLeibnizInstituteofSolidStateandMaterialsResearchinDresden,Germany.
Hismainresearchactivitieswereintheeldsofpreparationandpropertiesofultrahigh-purityrefractorymetalsand,especially,ofsteels(stainlesssteels,highstrengthsteels,thermomechanicaltreatment,microalloying,relationschemicalcomposition/microstructure/properties).
DieterKrauseChapterC.
19Mainz,GermanyDieterKrausestudiedphysicsattheuniversitiesofErlangenandMunich,Germany,wherehereceivedhisPh.
D.
forworkonmagnetismandmetalphysics.
HewasprofessorinTehran,Iran,lecturerinMunichandMainz,Germany.
AsscientistanddirectorofSchott'scorporateresearchanddevelopmentcentrehewasinvolvedinresearchonopticalandmechanicalpropertiesofamorphousmaterials,thinlms,andopticalbres.
Nowheisconsultant,chiefscientist,andtheeditoroftheSchottSeriesonGlassandGlassCeramics–Science,Technology,andApplicationspublishedbySpringer.
ManfredDieterLechnerChapterC.
18UniversittOsnabrückInstitutfürChemie–PhysikalischeChemieOsnabrück,Germanylechner@uni-osnabrueck.
deProfessorLechnerhasaPhDinPhysicalChemistryfromtheUniversityofMainz.
Since1975,hehasbeenProfessorofPhysicalChemistryattheInstituteofChemistryoftheUniversityofOsnabrück.
Hisscienticworkconcentratesonthephysicsandchemistryofpolymersincludingtheinuenceofhighpressureonpolymersystems,characterizationofnanoparticleswiththeanalyticalultracentrifuge,polymersforopticalstorageandwaveguides,andsuperabsorbersfromrenewableresources.
GerhardLeichtfriedChapterB.
13UniversityofInnsbruckInnsbruck,Austriagerhard.
leichtfried@uibk.
ac.
atGerhardLeichtfriedisProfessorofMaterialsScienceattheUniversityofInnsbruck.
HeobtainedhisDoctorateinMaterialsSciencefromtheMontanuniversitt,Leoben,Austria.
BeforejoiningtheUniversityofInnsbruck,heworkedinvariousseniorpositionsintheResearchandDevelopmentDepartmentofPlansee–HighPerfor-manceMaterials.
GerhardLeichtfriedisvisitinglecturerinpowdermetallurgyattheUniversityofErlangenandreviewerfortheInternationalJournalofRefractoryMetalsandHardMaterials.
WernerMartienssen(deceased)ChaptersA.
1,A.
2,A.
4,D.
20Forbiographicalprofile,pleaseseethesection"AbouttheEditors".
ToshioMitsuiChapterD.
24Takarazuka,Japant-mitsui@jttk.
zaq.
ne.
jpToshioMitsuiisanEmeritusprofessorofOsakaUniversity.
HestudiedsolidstatephysicsandbiophysicsatHokkaidoUniversity,PennsylvaniaStateUniversity,BrookhavenNationalLaboratory,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,OsakaUniversityandMeijiUniversity.
HewasthersttoobservetheferroelectricdomainstructureinRochellesaltwithapolarizationmicroscope.
Heproposedvarioustheoriesonferroelectriceffectsandbiologicalmolecularmachines.
AbouttheAuthors1105AuthorsManfredMüllerChapterD.
22formelyLeibniz-InstituteforSolidStateandMaterialsResearchDresdenDept.
ofMetalPhysicsDresden,Germanym.
mueller331@googlemail.
comDr.
-Ing.
habil.
ManfredMüllerisaProfessoremeritusofSpecialMaterialsattheInstituteofMaterialsScienceoftheDresdenUniversityofTechnology.
BeforehisretirementhewasformanyyearsheadofdepartmentforspecialmaterialsattheCentralInstituteforSolidStatePhysicsandMaterialsResearchoftheAcademyofSciencesinDresden,Germany.
Hismaineldwastheresearchanddevelopmentofmetallicmaterialswithemphasisonspecialphysicalproperties,suchassoftandhardmagnetic,electricalandthermoelasticproperties.
Hislasteldofresearchwasamorphousandnanocrystallinesoftmagneticalloys.
HeisamemberoftheGermanSocietyofMaterialsScience(DGM)andwasamemberoftheAdvisaryBoardofDGM.
SergeiPestovChapterE.
26MoscowTechnologicalUniversityInstituteofFineChemicalTechnologies,DepartmentofPhysicalChemistryMoskau,RussianFederationpestovsm@yandex.
ruSergeiPestovisAssociatedProfessorofPhysicalChemistryattheInstituteofFineChemicalTechnologiesatMoscowTechnologicalUniversityinRussia.
HehasaPhD(1992)andDSci(2011)inPhysicalChemistry.
Hisresearchinterestsarerelatedtothethermalanalysisandthermodynamicsofliquidcrystals.
Heistheauthorandco-authoroffourbooksonliquidcrystals.
UdoW.
PohlChapterE.
29TechnicalUniversityofBerlinInstituteofSolidStatePhysicsBerlin,Germanypohl@physik.
tu-berlin.
deUdoW.
PohlisAdjunctProfessorattheInstituteofSolidStatePhysicsatTechnicalUniversityofBerlin.
HestudiedphysicsinAachenandBerlin,Germany,andreceivedhisPhDandVeniaLegendifromtheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin.
Hehasauthoredover200scienticpublications,thetextbookEpitaxyofSemiconductors,andtencontributionstobooks.
Hisresearchinterestfocusesmainlyontheepitaxyandelectronicpropertiesoflow-dimensionalsemiconductors.
KarstenRuthChapterD.
25UmicoreAG&Co.
KGHanau,Germanykarsten.
ruth@eu.
umicore.
comKarstenRuthisaSeniorProductManageratAutomotiveCatalysts,UmicoreAG&Co.
KG.
HeholdsaDiplomaofMaterialsScience(UniversityErlangen-Nuremberg)andreceivedaPhDinCatalysis(UniversitiesofStrasbourgandReading)in1996.
AfterworkingasHumboldtFellowattheOsakaNationalResearchInstitutehejoinedDegussaR&D,developingchemicalcatalystsandelectrocatalystsforfuelcells.
GüntherSchlampChapterB.
14Steinbach,GermanyGüntherSchlampreceivedhisPh.
D.
fromtheJohann-Wolfgang-GoetheUniversityofFrankfurt/Main,Germany,inPhysicalChemistry.
Hisindustrialactivitiesinresearchincludethedevelopmentandproductionofrefractorymaterialcoatings,highpuritymaterialsandpartsforelectronics,andsputtertargetsforthereection-enhancingcoatingofglas.
HehascontributedtoseveralHandbookswithreportsonpropertiesandapplicationsofnoblemetalsandtheiralloys.
BarbaraSchüpp-NiewaChapterD.
21MINT-KollegBaden-WürttembergUniversityofStuttgartStuttgart,Germanybarbara.
schuepp-niewa@mint-kolleg.
deBarbaraSchüpp-NiewareceivedherPhDinInorganicChemistryfromtheUniversityofDortmundin1999.
From2000to2005,shewasaScientistattheLeibniz-InstituteforSolidStateandMaterialsResearchDresdenwithafocusoncrystalstructureinvestigationsofoxometalateswithsuperconductingorexcitingmagneticgroundstatesandcoatedconductors.
Currently,sheteacheschemistryasalecturerattheMINT-KollegBaden-WürttembergattheUniversityofStuttgart.
Authors1106AbouttheAuthorsRolandSticklerChapterB.
13Vienna,Austriaroland.
stickler@univie.
ac.
atProfessorSticklerreceivedhismasterandDr.
degreefromtheTechnicalUniversityinVienna.
From1958to1972hewasmanagerofphysicalmetallurgywiththeWestinghouseResearchLaboratoryinPittsburgh,Pa.
In1972heacceptedafullprofessorshipattheUniversityofViennaheadingamaterialssciencegroupintheInstituteofPhysicalChemistry,andfrom1988hewasheadofthisinstituteuntilhisretirementasprofessoremeritusin1998.
Hewasinvolvedinresearchandengineeringworkonsuperalloys,semiconductormaterialsandhighmeltingpointmaterials,investigatingtherelationshipbetweenmicrostructureandmechanicalbehavior,inparticularfatigueandfracturemechanicsproperties.
HewasleaderofasuccessfulprojectonbrazingundermicrogravityconditionsintheSpacelab-Mission.
FurtheractivitiesincludedtheparticipationinEuropeanCOSTprojects,inparticularaschairmanofactionsonpowdermetallurgyandlightmetals.
Hehasauthoredandcoauthoredmorethan250publicationsinscienticjournalsandproceedings.
PanchoTzankovChapterD.
23TechnicalUniversityofBerlinInstituteofSolidStatePhysicsBerlin,Germanytzankov@mbi-berlin.
dePanchoTzankovstudiedlaserphysicsatSoaUniversity,Bulgaria,andreceivedhisPh.
D.
inphysicalchemistryfromtheTechnicalUniversityofMunich,Germany.
HeisnowapostdoctoralfellowattheMaxBornInstituteinBerlin,Germany.
Hisresearchactivitiesinvolvedevelopmentofnewnonlinearopticalparametricsourcesofultrashortpulsesandtheirapplicationfortime-resolvedspectroscopy.
VolkmarVillChapterE.
26Helmholtz-ZentrumGeesthachtMagnesiumTechnologyatMagICGeesthacht,Germanyvill@chemie.
uni-hamburg.
deProfessorVolkmarVillreceivedhisDiplomainChemistryin1986,hisDiplomainPhysicsin1988andhisPh.
D.
inChemistryin1990fromtheUniversityofMünster,Germany.
In1997heearnedhisHabilitationinOrganicChemistryfromtheUniversityofHamburgwherehehasbeenProfessorofOrganicChemistrysince2002.
HeistheauthoroftheLiqCryst–DatabaseofLiquidCrystalsandtheEditoroftheHandbookofLiquidCrystals,ofLandolt–Brnstein,OrganicIndex,andVol.
VIII/5a,PhysicalPropertiesofLiquidCrystals.
HansWarlimontChaptersB.
7–B.
12,B.
15,C.
17,D.
21,D.
22,E.
28Forbiographicalprofile,pleaseseethesection"AbouttheEditors".
1107DetailedCont.
DetailedContentsListofAbbreviationsXVIIPartAFundamentals1TheFundamentalConstantsWernerMartienssen31.
1WhataretheFundamentalConstantsandWhoTakesCareofThem31.
2TheCODATARecommendedValuesoftheFundamentalConstants.
.
51.
2.
1TheMostFrequentlyUsedFundamentalConstants.
51.
2.
2DetailedListsoftheFundamentalConstantsinDifferentFieldsofApplication.
51.
2.
3ConstantsfromAtomicPhysicsandParticlePhysics.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7References92TheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI),PhysicalQuantities,andTheirDimensionsWernerMartienssen112.
1TheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI)112.
2PhysicalQuantities122.
2.
1HowArePhysicalQuantitiesDefined122.
3TheSIBaseUnits132.
3.
1UnitofLength:TheMeter.
132.
3.
2UnitofMass:TheKilogram132.
3.
3UnitofTime:TheSecond142.
3.
4UnitofElectricCurrent:TheAmpere142.
3.
5Unitof(Thermodynamic)Temperature:TheKelvin142.
3.
6UnitofAmountofSubstance:TheMole142.
3.
7UnitofLuminousIntensity:TheCandela152.
4TheSIDerivedUnits162.
5DecimalMultiplesandSubmultiplesofSIUnits182.
6UnitsOutsidetheSI192.
6.
1UnitsUsedwiththeSI192.
6.
2OtherNon-SIUnits202.
7SomeEnergyEquivalents23References243RudimentsofCrystallographyWolfAssmus.
253.
1CrystallineMatter.
263.
1.
1PeriodicMaterials263.
1.
2AperiodicMaterials313.
2Disorder353.
2.
1ChemicalDisorder353.
2.
2DisplaciveDisorder363.
3AmorphousMatter36DetailedCont.
1108DetailedContents3.
4MethodsforInvestigatingCrystallographicStructure.
363.
4.
1X-rays.
373.
4.
2NeutronDiffraction383.
4.
3ElectronDiffraction383.
5RecentNovelTopicsinCrystallography383.
5.
1Quasicrystals383.
5.
2DiffractionAnalysisBasedonTotalScattering38References394TheElementsWernerMartienssen414.
1HowtoUsethisChapter424.
2DescriptionofPropertiesTabulated.
424.
2.
1PartsAoftheTables.
424.
2.
2PartsBoftheTables.
424.
2.
3PartsCoftheTables454.
2.
4PartsDoftheTables.
454.
3Sources454.
4TablesoftheElementsinDifferentOrders464.
5Data514.
5.
1ElementsoftheFirstPeriod514.
5.
2ElementsoftheMainGroupsandSubgroupItoIV.
.
.
.
.
.
.
544.
5.
3ElementsoftheMainGroupsandSubgroupVtoVIII.
.
.
.
.
914.
5.
4ElementsoftheLanthanidesPeriod1274.
5.
5ElementsoftheActinidesPeriod.
136References143PartBMetals5MagnesiumandMagnesiumAlloysHajoDieringa,KarlUlrichKainer1475.
1Magnesium1485.
2MagnesiumAlloys1505.
3MeltingandCastingPractices,HeatTreatment1535.
4Joining1535.
5CorrosionBehavior1545.
6RecentDevelopments154References1556AluminumandAluminumAlloysCatrinKammer.
1576.
1ProductionofAluminum1586.
2PropertiesofPureAl1586.
2.
1PhysicalProperties1586.
2.
2MechanicalProperties.
1606.
2.
3ChemicalProperties1606.
3AluminumAlloyPhaseDiagrams.
1616.
3.
1BinaryAl-BasedSystems.
1616.
3.
2TernaryAl-BasedSystems.
1646.
4ClassificationofAluminumAlloys.
166DetailedContents1109DetailedCont.
6.
5StructureandBasicMechanicalPropertiesofWroughtWork-HardenableAluminumAlloys.
1676.
5.
1Al-Fe-SiandUnalloyedAluminum(1xxx)1676.
5.
2WroughtAl-Mn(3xxx)1676.
5.
3WroughtAl-Si(4xxx)1676.
5.
4WroughtAl-MgandAl-Mg-Mn(5xxx)1676.
6StructureandBasicMechanicalPropertiesofWroughtAge-HardenableAluminumAlloys1686.
6.
1WroughtAl-Cu-MgandAl-Cu-Si-Mn(2xxx)Alloys.
1686.
6.
2WroughtAl-Mg-Si(6xxx)1686.
6.
3WroughtAl-Zn-MgandAl-Zn-Mg-CuAlloys(7xxx)1696.
6.
4Al-Zn-Mg-CuAlloys1706.
7StructureandBasicMechanicalPropertiesofAluminumCastingAlloys1716.
7.
1Al-SiCastingAlloys1716.
7.
2Al-Si-MgCastingAlloys1716.
7.
3Al-MgCastingAlloys.
1716.
7.
4Al-Zn-MgCastingAlloys.
1726.
8TechnicalPropertiesofAluminumAlloys1736.
8.
1MechanicalProperties.
1736.
8.
2TechnologicalProperties1776.
8.
3PhysicalProperties1796.
9ThermalandMechanicalTreatment1816.
9.
1WorkHardening1816.
9.
2ThermalSoftening1826.
9.
3SoftAnnealing,Stabilization1846.
9.
4Stress-Relieving1846.
9.
5Homogenization1856.
9.
6Aging1856.
9.
7EffectsofPlasticDeformationonAge-HardeningBehavior.
1876.
9.
8SimultaneousSofteningandPrecipitation1886.
10CorrosionBehaviorofAluminum1916.
10.
1SurfaceLayers1916.
10.
2Corrosion192References1927TitaniumandTitaniumAlloysHansWarlimont1957.
1Titanium1957.
1.
1CommerciallyPureGradesofTiandLow-AlloyTiMaterials.
1977.
2Ti-BasedAlloys1997.
3IntermetallicTi-AlMaterials.
2007.
3.
1Ti3Al-BasedAlloys2017.
3.
2TiAl-BasedAlloys2027.
4TiNiShape-MemoryAlloys.
205References206DetailedCont.
1110DetailedContents8ZirconiumandZirconiumAlloysHansWarlimont2078.
1Zirconium2078.
2Technically-PureandLow-AlloyZirconiumMaterials2088.
3ZirconiumAlloysinNuclearApplications2098.
4Zirconium-BasedBulkGlassyAlloys210References2129IronandSteelsAlfredKoethe,HansWarlimont2139.
1PhaseRelationsandPhaseTransformations2149.
1.
1Iron-CarbonAlloys2149.
1.
2HeatTreatments2169.
1.
3SubstitutionalIron-BasedAlloys2179.
2CarbonandLow-AlloySteels2209.
2.
1CompositionsandPropertiesofCarbonSteels2209.
2.
2Hardenability2219.
3High-StrengthLow-AlloySteels2319.
4StainlessSteels2379.
4.
1FerriticChromiumSteels2379.
4.
2MartensiticandMartensitic-FerriticChromiumSteels.
.
.
.
2419.
4.
3AusteniticStainlessSteels.
2439.
4.
4DuplexStainlessSteels2479.
5Heat-ResistantSteels2509.
6ToolSteels.
2549.
7CastIrons.
2609.
7.
1Classification2609.
7.
2Iron-Carbon-SiliconEquilibriaandCarbonEquivalent.
.
.
2609.
7.
3GradesofCastIrons2619.
7.
4MechanicalPropertiesofCastIrons264References26510CobaltandCobaltAlloysHansWarlimont26710.
1Co-BasedAlloys26810.
2Co-BasedHard-FacingAlloysandRelatedMaterials.
26910.
3Co-BasedHeat-ResistantAlloys,Superalloys27010.
4Co-BasedCorrosion-ResistantAlloys27110.
5Co-BasedSurgicalImplantAlloys27210.
6CementedCarbides.
272References27411NickelandNickelAlloysHansWarlimont27511.
1CommerciallyPureandLow-AlloyNickels.
27511.
2HighlyAlloyedNi-BasedMaterials.
27711.
3Ni-BasedSuperalloys28011.
4NiPlating292References292DetailedContents1111DetailedCont.
12CopperandCopperAlloysJensFreudenberger,HansWarlimont.
29312.
1UnalloyedCoppers29412.
2High-CopperAlloys.
29512.
3Brasses29612.
4Bronzes.
29812.
5Copper–NickelAlloys30012.
5.
1Copper–Nickel–ZincAlloys.
Nickel–Silvers.
301References30113RefractoryMetalsandRefractoryMetalAlloysWolframKnabl,GerhardLeichtfried,RolandStickler.
30313.
1PhysicalProperties30613.
2ChemicalProperties30813.
2.
1OxidationBehavior30913.
3RecrystallizationBehavior31113.
4MechanicalProperties31413.
4.
1InfluenceofThermomechanicalTreatment(TMT)andImpurities.
31413.
4.
2StaticMechanicalProperties.
31513.
4.
3DynamicProperties.
31813.
4.
4FractureMechanicsProperties.
32213.
4.
5CreepProperties326References32914NobleMetalsandNobleMetalAlloysGüntherSchlamp33514.
1SilverandSilverAlloys33714.
1.
1Production33714.
1.
2PhasesandPhaseEquilibria.
33714.
1.
3MechanicalProperties.
34114.
1.
4ElectricalProperties34414.
1.
5ThermoelectricProperties.
34514.
1.
6MagneticProperties34514.
1.
7ThermalProperties34514.
1.
8OpticalProperties.
34614.
1.
9Diffusion34714.
1.
10ChemicalProperties34814.
1.
11Ag-BasedMaterials.
34914.
1.
12TernaryandHigherAlloys.
34914.
2GoldandGoldAlloys.
35214.
2.
1Production35214.
2.
2PhasesandPhaseEquilibria.
35214.
2.
3MechanicalProperties.
35714.
2.
4ElectricalProperties36114.
2.
5ThermoelectricProperties.
36214.
2.
6MagneticProperties36314.
2.
7ThermalProperties36414.
2.
8OpticalProperties.
36414.
2.
9Diffusion365DetailedCont.
1112DetailedContents14.
2.
10ChemicalProperties36514.
2.
11SpecialAlloys36614.
3PlatinumGroupMetalsandTheirAlloys36714.
3.
1PalladiumandPalladiumAlloys36714.
3.
2PlatinumandPlatinumAlloys.
37914.
3.
3RhodiumandRhodiumAlloys.
38914.
3.
4IridiumandIridiumAlloys.
39414.
3.
5RutheniumandRutheniumAlloys39914.
3.
6OsmiumandOsmiumAlloys403References40715LeadandLeadAlloysFrankE.
Goodwin,SivaramanGuruswamy,HansWarlimont.
40915.
1PureGradesofLead41015.
2Pb-SbAlloys41415.
2.
1Pb-SbBinaryAlloys41415.
2.
2Pb-Sb-BasedLead–AcidBattery-GridAlloys.
41515.
2.
3Pb-Sb-SnAlloys41515.
3Pb-SnAlloys41615.
3.
1Pb-Sn-BasedSolderAlloys41615.
4Pb-CaAlloys41815.
4.
1Pb-Ca-SnBattery-GridAlloys41915.
5Pb-BiAlloys.
42015.
5.
1Pb-BiBinaryAlloys42015.
5.
2FusibleAlloys42015.
6Pb-AgAlloys42215.
7Pb-Cu,Pb-Te,andPb-Cu-TeAlloys.
42215.
8Pb-AsAlloys42215.
9LeadCable-SheathingAlloys42215.
10OtherLeadAlloys42315.
11CompositeLead-BatteryGrids.
42315.
11.
1StrengtheningbyDispersion-HardenedLayers42415.
11.
2IncreasedCorrosionResistancebyPb-SnSurfaceLayers.
.
424References42516ZincandZincAlloysFrankE.
Goodwin42716.
1NaturallyOccurringZinc.
42816.
2ZincMetalGradesAndStandards42816.
3PropertiesofZinc.
42916.
4UsesofZinc432References438PartCNonmetallicMaterials17CeramicsHansWarlimont44117.
1TraditionalCeramicsandCements44117.
1.
1TraditionalCeramics44117.
1.
2Cements44217.
2SilicateCeramics.
443DetailedContents1113DetailedCont.
17.
3RefractoryCeramics.
44617.
4OxideCeramics.
44617.
4.
1MagnesiumOxide44617.
4.
2Alumina44617.
4.
3Al-O-NCeramics44717.
4.
4BerylliumOxide.
44717.
4.
5ZirconiumDioxide44717.
4.
6TitaniumDioxide,Titanates,etc.
44717.
5NonoxideCeramics45717.
5.
1NonoxideHigh-TemperatureCeramics.
45717.
5.
2Borides45717.
5.
3Carbides46517.
5.
4Nitrides46517.
5.
5Silicides.
465References48418PolymersManfredDieterLechner48518.
1DefinitionsandSelectedPolymers.
48518.
2StructuralUnitsofPolymers48818.
3Abbreviations49118.
4TablesandFigures.
49218.
4.
1Polyolefines49218.
4.
2VinylPolymers49818.
4.
3Fluoropolymers50418.
4.
4PolyacrylicsandPolyacetals50418.
4.
5Polyamides.
50818.
4.
6PolyestersandPolyethers.
50818.
4.
7PolysulfonesandPolysulfides51318.
4.
8PolyimidesandPolyetherKetones.
51418.
4.
9CelluloseDerivatives.
51618.
4.
10Polyurethanes51718.
4.
11Thermosets.
51818.
4.
12PolymerBlends52118.
4.
13ReinforcedPolymers.
528References53619GlassesDieterKrause.
53719.
1PropertiesofGlasses–GeneralComments54019.
2CompositionandPropertiesofGlasses54119.
3FlatGlassandHollowware54219.
3.
1FlatGlass54219.
3.
2ContainerGlass54219.
4TechnicalSpecialtyGlasses54419.
4.
1BorosilicateGlasses.
54419.
4.
2Alkaline-EarthAluminosilicateGlasses.
54419.
4.
3Alkali-LeadSilicateGlasses54419.
4.
4Alkali-Alkaline-EarthSilicateGlasses(Soda-LimeGlasses)544DetailedCont.
1114DetailedContents19.
4.
5ChemicalStabilityofGlasses.
54419.
4.
6MechanicalandThermalProperties54719.
4.
7ElectricalProperties55019.
4.
8OpticalProperties.
55219.
5OpticalGlasses.
55619.
5.
1OpticalProperties.
55619.
5.
2ChemicalProperties56819.
5.
3MechanicalProperties.
56919.
5.
4ThermalProperties56919.
6VitreousSilica.
57019.
6.
1PropertiesofSyntheticSilica57019.
6.
2GasSolubilityandMolecularDiffusion57019.
7Glass-Ceramics57119.
8GlassesforMiscellaneousApplications57219.
8.
1SealingGlasses.
57219.
8.
2SolderandPassivationGlasses57519.
8.
3ColoredGlasses57719.
8.
4Infrared-TransmittingGlasses580References584PartDFunctionalMaterials20SemiconductorsWernerMartienssen58720.
1GroupIVSemiconductorsandIV–IVCompounds59020.
1.
1CrystalStructure,MechanicalandThermalProperties.
.
.
.
.
59020.
1.
2ElectronicProperties60020.
1.
3TransportProperties60620.
1.
4ElectromagneticandOpticalProperties.
61320.
2III–VCompounds61520.
2.
1BoronCompounds61520.
2.
2AluminiumCompounds62120.
2.
3GalliumCompounds.
63120.
2.
4IndiumCompounds64720.
3II–VICompounds66120.
3.
1BerylliumCompounds.
66120.
3.
2MagnesiumCompounds66420.
3.
3OxidesofCa,Sr,andBa66820.
3.
4ZincCompounds67320.
3.
5CadmiumCompounds68220.
3.
6MercuryCompounds.
692References69721SuperconductorsGünterFuchs,ClausFischer,BernhardHolzapfel,BarbaraSchüpp-Niewa,HansWarlimont70121.
1MetallicSuperconductors70221.
1.
1Elements70221.
1.
2PracticalMetallicSuperconductors708DetailedContents1115DetailedCont.
21.
2Non-MetallicSuperconductors71521.
2.
1OxideSuperconductors.
71521.
2.
2SuperconductorsBasedontheY-Ba-Cu-OSystem72321.
2.
3SuperconductorsBasedontheBi-Sr-Ca-Cu-OSystem.
.
.
.
73621.
2.
4Carbides,Borides,Nitrides.
743References74722MagneticMaterialsManfredMüller,HidekiHarada,HansWarlimont75322.
1BasicMagneticProperties75322.
1.
1AtomicMoment.
75322.
1.
2MagnetocrystallineAnisotropy75322.
1.
3Magnetostriction75422.
2SoftMagneticAlloys75622.
2.
1LowCarbonSteels75622.
2.
2Fe-basedSinteredandCompositeSoftMagneticMaterials75622.
2.
3Iron-SiliconAlloys76022.
2.
4Nickel-Iron-BasedAlloys76522.
2.
5Iron-CobaltAlloys76822.
2.
6AmorphousMetallicAlloys.
76922.
2.
7NanocrystallineSoftMagneticAlloys.
77122.
2.
8InvarandElinvarAlloys77622.
3HardMagneticAlloys.
78822.
3.
1Fe-Co-Cr.
78922.
3.
2Fe-Co-V79122.
3.
3Fe-Ni-Al-Co,Alnico79122.
3.
4Fe-Nd-B.
79322.
3.
5Co-Sm79522.
3.
6Mn-Al-C80222.
4MagneticOxides80322.
4.
1SoftMagneticFerrites80322.
4.
2HardMagneticFerrites804References80623DielectricsandElectroopticsGagikG.
Gurzadyan,PanchoTzankov.
80923.
1DielectricMaterials:Low-FrequencyProperties81323.
1.
1GeneralDielectricProperties81323.
1.
2StaticDielectricConstant(Low-Frequency)81323.
1.
3DissipationFactor81323.
1.
4Elasticity.
81423.
1.
5Piezoelectricity.
81423.
2OpticalMaterials:High-FrequencyProperties81423.
2.
1CrystalOptics:General81423.
2.
2PhotoelasticEffect.
81523.
2.
3ElectroopticEffect81523.
2.
4NonlinearOpticalEffects81523.
3GuidelinesforUseofTables81623.
4TablesofNumericalDataforDielectricsandElectrooptics818References884DetailedCont.
1116DetailedContents24FerroelectricsandAntiferroelectricsToshioMitsui.
89724.
1DefinitionofFerroelectricsandAntiferroelectrics89824.
2SurveyofResearchonFerroelectrics89824.
3ClassificationofFerroelectrics90024.
3.
1The72FamiliesofFerroelectrics90324.
4PhysicalPropertiesof43RepresentativeFerroelectrics90524.
4.
1InorganicCrystalsOxides.
90624.
4.
2InorganicCrystalsOtherthanOxides.
91624.
4.
3OrganicCrystals,LiquidCrystals,andPolymers923References92925MaterialsforSolidCatalystsKarstenRuth,PeterAlbers93125.
1CatalystsasFunctionalMaterial.
93125.
2CatalyticallyActiveMaterials93825.
2.
1Metals93825.
2.
2Oxides94025.
2.
3Zeolites94025.
3ComponentsofaCatalyst.
94325.
4Deactivation94525.
4.
1ChemicalPoisoning.
94525.
4.
2CarbonaceousDeposits.
94625.
4.
3ThermalAging94725.
4.
4ControlledDeactivation94825.
4.
5ChangesintheTopmostAtomicLayers94825.
5Characterization948References950PartESpecialStructures26LiquidCrystalsSergeiPestov,VolkmarVill95526.
1LiquidCrystallineState.
95526.
1.
1ChemicalRequirements95626.
1.
2PhysicalPropertiesofLiquidCrystals95726.
1.
3Applications.
95726.
1.
4ListofAbbreviations.
95826.
1.
5ConversionFactors.
95926.
2PhysicalPropertiesoftheMostCommonLiquidCrystallineSubstances.
95926.
3PhysicalPropertiesofSomeLiquidCrystallineMixtures985References98727ThePhysicsofSolidSurfacesGianfrancoChiarotti.
98927.
1TheStructureofIdealSurfaces99027.
1.
1DiagramsofSurfaces99027.
1.
2CrystallographicFormulas.
990DetailedContents1117DetailedCont.
27.
2SurfaceReconstructionandRelaxation.
99627.
2.
1DefinitionsandNotation99627.
2.
2Metals99627.
2.
3Semiconductors.
99727.
3ElectronicStructureofSurfaces.
100527.
3.
1Metals100627.
3.
2Semiconductors.
101127.
3.
3MagneticSurfaces101627.
4SurfacePhonons.
102027.
4.
1Metals102027.
4.
2SemiconductorsandInsulators102027.
4.
3Atom–SurfacePotential102527.
5TheSpaceChargeLayerattheSurfaceofaSemiconductor.
102827.
5.
1DefinitionsandNotation102827.
5.
2UsefulFormulasandNumericalValues102827.
5.
3SurfaceConductivity.
1031References103328NanostructuredMaterialsFabriceCharra,SusanaGota-Goldmann,HansWarlimont103728.
1Introduction103828.
1.
1ElectronicEffectsinNanostructures.
103928.
1.
2SpecificProperties104028.
1.
3OrganizationofthisChapter.
104028.
2ElectronicStructureandSpectroscopy104028.
2.
1ElectronicQuantumSizeEffects104028.
2.
2BreakdownoftheMomentumConservationRule104128.
2.
3ExcitonsinQuantum-ConfinedSystems.
104228.
2.
4VibrationalModesandElectron–PhononCoupling.
104528.
2.
5ElectronTransportPhenomena.
104628.
3ElectromagneticConfinement105028.
3.
1Nanoparticle-DopedMaterials105028.
3.
2PeriodicElectromagneticLattices105328.
4MagneticNanostructures105428.
4.
1SpinElectronics105428.
4.
2Ultrahigh-DensityStorageMediainHardDiskDrives.
.
.
.
.
106528.
5PreparationTechniques.
106828.
5.
1Molecular-BeamEpitaxy106828.
5.
2Metal-OrganicChemicalVaporDeposition(MOCVD)106928.
5.
3Lithography106928.
5.
4NanocrystalsinMatrices106928.
5.
5Ex-situSynthesisofClusters1070References107129Low-DimensionalSemiconductorsUdoW.
Pohl.
107729.
1ElectronicConfinement107729.
1.
1SizeQuantization107729.
1.
2QuantumWellsandQuantumWires108329.
1.
3QuantumDots1087DetailedCont.
1118DetailedContents29.
2OpticalConfinement109029.
2.
1PhotonicBandgapStructures.
109029.
2.
2OpticalDefectsinPhotonicCrystals109429.
2.
3Metamaterials1096References1098AbouttheAuthors.
1101DetailedContents.
1107SubjectIndex11191119SubjectIndexSubjectIndex1-Dphotoniccrystal10912-Dphotoniccrystal10923-Dphotoniccrystal109345°embrittlement315D0glass-ceramics571AAbbevalue–glass556,561Abrikosovvortice720absorption–anduorescencespectraofCdSe1044–coefcient,two-photon816–spectraofsphericalparticles1051,1053Acactinium78acceptorsurface–level1030–state1030accumulationlayer1028accuracy4acoustic–band1020–surfacewave(ASW)900actiniumAc78adatom1004adoptednumericalvalueforselectedquantity23aerospaceindustry306Agsilver60Ag-basedmaterial349agehardening185AKS-W(Al-K-silicatedopedW)304Alaluminum72Albronze298alkalialuminumsilicate–electricalproperties443–mechanicalproperties443–thermalproperties443alkalihalide–surfacephononenergy1027alkali–alkaline-earthsilicateglass544alkali-leadsilicateglass544alkaline-earthaluminumsilicate544–mechanicalproperties445Al-K-silicatedopedW(AKS-W)313allotropicandhigh-pressuremodication42alloy–castiron262–cobalt267–elinvar776–invar776–lead,batterygrid415–lead-antimony414–lead-tin416–magnesium150–Ti3Al-based201–TiAl-based202–titanium195–wearresistant269Allred42Al-Niphasediagram281Alnico791Al-O-Nceramics–dielectricproperties447–opticalproperties447alumfamily905–ferroelectric905alumina,propertiesof454aluminothermy160aluminumAl–antimonide621–arsenide621–chemicalproperties160–coldworking181–compound621–corrosionbehavior191–element72–hotworking181–mechanicalproperties160–mechanicaltreatment181–nitride621–phosphide621–production158–surfacelayers191–workhardening181aluminumalloy157–abrasionresistance177–aging185–behaviorinmagneticelds179–binaryAl-basedsystems161–classicationofaluminumalloys166–coefcientofthermalexpansion179–creepbehavior175–elasticproperties179–electricalconductivity179–hardness173–homogenization185–machinability178–mechanicalproperties167,168–nuclearproperties179–opticalproperties179–phasediagram161–physicalproperties179,180–sheetformability177–softannealing184–specicheat179–stabilization184–stress-relieving184–structure168–technicalproperties173–technologicalproperties177–tensilestrength173–thermalsoftening182–work-hardenable167aluminumcastingalloys–mechanicalproperties171–structure171americiumAm136amorphousalloy–cobalt-based770–iron-based769–metallic769–nickel-based770amorphousmaterial25,36amountofsubstance14ampere14analyticaltransmissionelectronmicroscopy(A-TEM)949SubjectIndex1120SubjectIndexangle-resolvedultravioletphotoemissionspectroscopy(ARUPS)1006anisotropicmagnetoresistance1064annealing–coefcientofglass561–ofsteel216antiferroelectric–crystal898–denition898–dielectricproperties897–elasticproperties897–hysteresisloop898–liquidcrystal905–pyroelectricproperties897antimonySb91aperiodic–crystal25–material31apparenttiltangle928Arargon115aramidberreinforcedpolymer534,535areaofsurfaceprimitivecell–crystallographicformula996argonAr115arsenicAs91astatineAt108ASTM232atomic–element42–forcemicroscopy(AFM)36,1067–moment753–numberZ42–radius42–scattering1025–unit(a.
u.
)20atomicallycleancrystallinesurface989atom–surfacepotential–surfacephonon1025Augold60austenitizing216BBboron72Babarium63back-bondstate1014bainite214BaMnF4family916band–bendingofsolidsurfaces1030–pass(BP)578Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer(BCS)719bariumBa–element63–oxide668–titanate908basalgrainboundary(BGB)742basequantity12–ISO13baseunit–SI13basis–crystalstructure26BaTiO3908Beberyllium63becquerel–SIunitofactivity18berkeliumBk–element136berylliumBe–compound661–element63–selenide661–sulde661–telluride661berylliumoxide447,661–mechanicalproperties456betabariumborate(BBO)809Bethe–Slater–Paulingrelation753,754Bhbohrium112Bibismuth91biaxialcrystal816bindingenergy1006–metal1008Bioverit572BIPM(BureauInternationaldesPoidsetMesures)12bismuthBi91Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O–structuraldata737–superconductingproperties741BK7548Bkberkelium136BNN–ferroelectricmaterial913body-centeredcubic(bcc)753,990bohriumBh112boilingtemperature–element44-bondedchaingeometry1001-bondedchainmodel–diamond(111)211014Bondi42boracite-typefamily903,915Borooat543boronB–antimonide615–arsenide615–compound615–element72–nitride615–phosphide615borosilicateglass542,544Brbromine108Braggequation37brass296Bravaiscell990–2-Dlattice990Bravaislattice30,43breathing-modeacousticoscillations1046Brillouin–scattering900–zone907–zonecorner915Brinellhardnessnumber(HB)173bromineBr108bronze298Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET)948BSCCO736–lm737–singlecrystal738–tape739–wire739buckleddimer1000bulk–electrondensity1006–glassyalloy207,210–mobility1033–modulus43–moldingcompound(BMC)516CCcarbon80Cacalcium63cadmiumCd–compound682–element68–oxide682–selenide682SubjectIndex1121SubjectIndex–sulde682–telluride682calciumCa–element63–oxide668californiumCf136candela–SIbaseunit15capacitor897carat22carbide–cemented272–electricalproperties472–mechanicalproperties472–thermalproperties472carbonC–deposit946–element80–equivalent(CE)260–berreinforcedpolymer528,531,533,534–steel221cast–classication260castiron260–grade261–mechanicalproperties264castingtechnology154catalysis1028catalyticallyactivematerial938Cdcadmium68Cecerium127cellulose–acetate(CA)487,516–acetobutyrate(CAB)487,516–derivative487,516–propionate(CP)487,516cement441cementedcarbide272centeringtype–crystalstructure26centrosymmetricmedia1016Cerabone572ceramic349–capacitor900ceramicthinlm907–ferroelectric897ceramics–Al-O-N447–applications442–nonoxide457–oxide446–properties442–refractory446–silicon443–technical446–traditional441Ceran572–linearthermalexpansion571Ceravital572ceriumCe127cesiumCs–borate(CBO)809–element54–lithiumborate(CLBO)809Cfcalifornium136CGPM(ConférenceGénéraledesPoidsetMesures)11CGS–denitionofmagneticsusceptibility45–electromagneticsystem20–electrostaticsystem20–Gaussiansystem20chalcogenideglass580channelconductivity1028characterization948–ofopticalglass560chemical–disorder35–poison945–symbol42–vapordeposition(CVD)737chemicalstability–glass544,545–opticalglass568chemicallyactivespecies(CAS)54chemisorption1028chlorineCl108chromiumCr104CIP(currentintheplaneoflayer)1057Clchlorine108clamped–crystal901,915,925–dielectricconstant901climaticinuence–glass568cluster–boundary901–formation901Cmcurium136CMOS(complementarymetal-oxide-semiconductor)1064Cocobalt121Co5RE798Co17RE2798cobaltCo–alloy267–application267–corrosion-resistantalloy271–element121–hard-facingalloy269–mechanicalproperties272–superalloy270–surgicalimplantalloy272coerciveeld898coherencelength913coherentphononandRamanspectra1046colloidal–quantumdots1088–synthesisofnanostructuredmaterials1070coloredglass577–colorant578,579commensuratereconstruction996commerciallypuretitanium(cp-Ti)195communicationtechnology906compactedgraphite(CG)260complementarymetal–oxide–semiconductor(CMOS)1064complexperovskite-typeoxide903component–catalyst943composite–solderglass577–structureincrystallography31compositemedium1051–dielectricconstant1051compoundsemiconductor1011compressionmodulus43computedtomography(CT)306condensedmatter26conductivity–frequency-dependent813–tensor43conductor–nanoparticle-based1049conned–carrier,energyof1078–electronicsystems,nanostructuredmaterials1040connementeffect–nanostructuredmaterials1037continuousdistributionofstate1030continuous-cooling-transformation(CCT)225SubjectIndex1122SubjectIndexcontrolled–deactivation948–rolling231conventionduMétre12conventionalgrain-oriented(CGO)762conventionalsystem–ISO13cooperativeinteraction897coordinationnumber42,43copperCu–alloy293,295–element60–indiumgalliumdiselenide(CIGS)309–unalloyed295copper-nickel300copper-nickel-zinc300Co-RE–phaseequilibria795corrosion1028–resistance209Co-Sm795Coulombblockade–nanostructuredmaterials1037,1049coupledplasmonmodes1053CPP(currentowsperpendiculartotheplaneofthelayer)1057,1059Crchromium104critical–eld898–slowing-down901,902–temperature44CrNisteel243crosspolarization(CP)935crystal–axes990–biaxial816–cubic816–isotropic816–morphology28–optic814–uniaxial816crystalsymmetry43–ferroelectric908crystalline–ferroelectric904–material25–surface,atomicallyclean989crystallization538crystallographic–formula990,996–properties42,43–structure,methodtoinvestigate36crystallography–conceptandterm25Cryston572Cscesium54Cucopper60cubic–BaTiO3909–boronnitride(CBN)464–crystal43–dielectric820,828–system996cubic,pointgroup–N43m(Td)material824–23(T)material828–m3m(Oh)material820Cu-Ni–electricalconductivity300–thermalconductivity300Curiepoint900Curietemperature900–surface1016Curie–Weissconstant924,925curiumCm136current/voltagecharacteristicsoflms1049Cu-Snphasediagram299Cu-Zn–electricalconductivity300–phasediagram296–thermalconductivity300cycloolenecopolymer(COC)487,492cyclosilicate443DDdeuterium51dampingconstant–opticalmodefrequency909danglingbond(DB)997DAS1000datastoragemedia–nanostructuredmaterials1037Dbdubnium96deBrogliewavelength1041deactivation945Debyelength–solidsurface1028DebyetemperatureD–metalsurface1023–surfacephonon1020decimalmultipleofSIunit18defenseindustry306degreeCelsius14density%43–functionaltheory(DFT)936densityofstates(DOS)336,1039,1055,1078–dimensionality1078dentistry336depletionlayer1028depthproling(DP)949derivedquantity12–ISO13derivedunit–SI16–specialnameandsymbol16deuteratedL-argininephosphate(DLAP)809deuteration920deuteriumD51device–optical897–piezoelectric897–pyroelectric897devil'sstaircase925devitrifyingsolderglass575diallylphthalate(DAP)487,518diamond601diamond-likestructure990dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT)412Dicor572dielectric–2-cyclooctylamino-5-nitropyridine,C13H19N3O2870–3-methyl4-nitropyridine1-oxide,C6N2O3H6864–3-nitrobenzenamine,C6H4(NO2)NH2872–4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-acetamidonitrobenzene878–ADA852–ADP852–aluminumoxide,-Al2O3838–aluminumphosphateAlPO4840–ammoniumdideuteriumphosphate,ND4D2PO4852–ammoniumdihydrogenarsenate,NH4H2AsO4852SubjectIndex1123SubjectIndex–ammoniumdihydrogenphosphate,NH4H2PO4852–ammoniumRochellesalt866–ammoniumsulfate,(NH4)2SO4868–anomaly916,925–ˇ-BaB2O4842–banana868–ˇ-bariumborate842–bariumuoride,BaF2820–bariumformate,Ba(COOH)2864–bariummagnesiumuoride,BaMgF4868–bariumnitritemonohydrate,Ba(NO2)2H2O836–bariumsodiumniobate,Ba2NaNb5O15868–Bariumtitanate,BaTiO3860–BBO842–berlinite840–berylliumoxide,BeO832–BGO828–BIBO878–bismuthgermaniumoxide,Bi12GeO20828–bismuthsiliconoxide,Bi12SiO20828–bismuthtriborate,BiB3O6878–BK7Schottglass818–BMF868–BSO828–cadmiumgermaniumarsenide,CdGeAs2852–cadmiumgermaniumphosphide,CdGeP2852–cadmiumselenide,CdSe832–cadmiumsulde,CdS832–cadmiumtelluride,CdTe824–calcite,CaCO3838–calciumuoride,CaF2820–calciumtartratetetrahydrate,Ca(C4H4O6)4H2O868–CBO864–CDA854–cesiumdideuteriumarsenate,CsD2AsO4852–cesiumdihydrogenarsenate,CsH2AsO4854–cesiumlithiumborate,CsLiB6O10854–cesiumtriborate,CsB3O5864–cinnabar840–CLBO854–CNB868–COANP870–constant"43,901,1051–constant(low-frequency)813–copperbromide,CuBr824–copperchloride,CuCl824–coppergalliumselenide,CuGaSe2854–coppergalliumsulde,CuGaS2854–copperiodide,CuI824–cubicN43m(Td)824–cubicm3m(Oh)820–cubic,23(T)828–D(C)-saccharose,C12H22O11880–DADP852–DAN878–DCDA852–deuteratedL-argininephosphate,(NDxH2x)C2(CND)(CH2)3CH(NDyH3y)CCOOD2PO4D2O878–dipotassiumtartratehemihydrate,K2C4H4O60.
5H2O880–dispersion901–dissipationfactor813–dissipationfactorofglass551–DKDA854–DKDP854–DKT880–DLAP878,880–DRDA856–DRDP856–elasticity814–uorite820–uorspar820–forsterite862–gadoliniummolybdate,Gd2(MoO4)3870–galliumantimonide,GaSb824–galliumarsenide,GaAs824–galliumnitride,GaN832–galliumphosphide,GaP824–galliumselenide,GaSe830–galliumsulde,GaS830–generalproperties813–germanium,Ge820–GMO870–greenockite832–halite822–hexagonal,6(C6)836–hexagonal,N6m2(D3h)830–hexagonal,6mm(C6v)832–high-frequency(optical)properties809–Icelandspar838–indiumantimonide,InSb824–indiumarsenide,InAs824–indiumphosphide,InP826–-iodicacid,-HIO3864–Irtran-3820–Irtran-6824–isotropic818–KB5874–KBBF840–KDP856–KLINBO860–KTA874–KTP874–LBO872–L-CTT868–leadmolybdate,PbMoO4848–leadtitanate,PbTiO3860–LFM870–listofdescribedsubstances810–lithiumuoride,LiF820–lithiumformatemonohydrate,LiCOOHH2O870–lithiumgalliumoxide,LiGaO2872–lithiumiodate,-LiIO3836–lithiummetagallate872–lithiumniobate(5%MgO-doped),MgO:LiNbO3842–lithiumniobate,LiNbO3842–lithiumsulfatemonohydrate,Li2SO4H2O880–lithiumtantalate,LiTaO3842–lithiumtetraborate,Li2B4O7860–lithiumtriborate,LiB3O5872–lossy813–low-frequencymaterial813–low-frequencyproperties809–magnesiumuoride,MgF2846–magnesiumoxide,MgO820–magnesiumsilicate,Mg2SiO4862–material,properties816–Maxwell'sequation814–m-chloronitrobenzene,ClC6H4NO2868–-mercuricsulde,-HgS840–mNA872–m-nitroaniline872–MNMA870–monoclinic,2(C2)878SubjectIndex1124SubjectIndex–N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzenamine,C8H10N2O2870–N-[2-(dimethylamino)-5-nitrophenyl]-acetamide878–nantokite824–numericaldata809,818–orthorhombic,222(D2)864–orthorhombic,mm2(C2v)868–orthorhombic,mmm(D2h)862–paratellurite850–physicalproperties809–PMMA(Plexiglas)818–polarization815–POM864–potassiumacidphthalate,KH(C8H4O4)872–potassiumbromide,KBr820–potassiumchloride,KCl820–potassiumdideuteriumarsenate,KD2AsO4854–potassiumdideuteriumphosphate854–potassiumdihydrogenarsenate,KH2AsO4854–potassiumdihydrogenphosphate,KH2PO4856–potassiumuoroboratoberyllate,KBe2BO3F2840–potassiumiodide,KI820–potassiumlithiumniobate,K3Li2Nb5O15860–potassiumniobate,KNbO3874–potassiumpentaboratetetrahydrate,KB5O84H2O874–potassiumsodiumtartratetetrahydrate,KNa(C4H4O6)4H2O866–potassiumtitanate(titanyl)phosphate,KTiOPO4874–potassiumtitanylarsenate,KTiOAsO4874–propertiesofglass551–proustite844–pyrargyrite842–quartz840–RDA856–RDP856–Rochellesalt866–rocksalt822–rubidiumdideuteriumarsenate,RbD2AsO4856–rubidiumdideuteriumphosphate,RbD2PO4856–rubidiumdihydrogenarsenate,RbH2AsO4856–rubidiumdihydrogenphosphate,RbH2PO4856–rutile846–sapphire838–-siliconcarbide,SiC832–silicondioxide,SiO2818–-silicondioxide,-SiO2840–silicon,Si822–silverantimonysulde,Ag3SbS3842–silverarsenicsulde,Ag3AsS3844–silvergalliumselenide,AgGaSe2856–silverthiogallate,AgGaS2858–sodiumammoniumtartratetetrahydrate,Na(NH4)C4H4O64H2O866–sodiumchlorate,NaClO3828–sodiumuoride,NaF822–stiffnessconstant814–strengthofglass552–strontiumuoride,SrF2822–strontiumtitanate,SrTiO3822–sucrose880–sylvine820–sylvite820–TAS844–telluriumdioxide,TeO2850–tellurium,Te840–tensor817–tetragonal,4=m(C4h)848–tetragonal,4=mmm(D4h)846–tetragonal,N42m(D2d)852–tetragonal,4mm(C4v)860–tetragonal,422(D4)850–TGS882–thalliumarsenicselenide,Tl3AsSe3844–titaniumdioxide,TiO2846–tourmaline,(Na,Ca)(Mg,Fe)3B3Al6Si6(O,OH,F)31844–triglycinesulfate,(CH2NH2COOH)3H2SO4882–trigonal,3m(C3v)842–trigonal,N3m(D3d)838–trigonal,32(D3)840–urea,(NH2)2CO858–wurtzite832–YAG822–YAP862–YLF848–yttriumaluminate,YAlO3862–yttriumaluminumgarnet,Y3Al5O12822–yttriumlithiumuoride,YLiF4848–yttriumvanadate,YVO4846–YVO846–zincblende832–zincgermaniumdiphosphide,ZnGeP2858–zincoxide,ZnO832–zincselenide,ZnSe826–-zincsulde,-ZnS832–zinctelluride,ZnTe826–zincite832dielectricfunction1010–surfacelayer1015differencefrequencygeneration(DFG)815differential–conductanceasfunctionofvoltage1048–scanningcalorimetry(DSC)491,936,957–thermalanalysis(DTA)36,491,936,957diffractionmethod36diffusion-controlledgrowth–nanostructuredmaterials1069dimensionofphysicalquantities5,13dimerbondlength1004dimer–adatom–stackingfault(DAS)1000dioctylphthalate(DOP)491dioxide–zirconium447dipoleglass900directpiezoelectriceffect814disorderedmaterial35dispersion–glass556–hardening336dispersioncurve–electronicstructureofsurface1008displacementofatoms–surfacephonon1020displacive–disorder35–ferroelectric901dissipationfactor816,818SubjectIndex1125SubjectIndexdissipativedispersion901dissociationenergyofmolecule42distributed–Braggreector(DBR)1091–feedback(DFB)1044DOBAMBC(liquidcrystal)927domainpattern–perpendicularmagnetization1067domainwall–ferroelectric901–ferromagnetic901donorsurfacestate1030DOS(densityofstates)1055doughmoldingcompound(DMC)518drain1033Drude-modelmetal1050DSPfamily924dubniumDb96ductileiron262ductile–brittletransitiontemperature(DBTT)314Duran–glass542,545,548dysprosiumDy127Eedge–colonyboundary(ECB)743–crystalgrainboundary(EGB)743EELS1022einsteiniumEs136elastic–constantcik814–modulus43–recoildetection(ERD)934–stiffness43,818–tensor817elasticcompliance818–tensor43,927elastooptic–coefcient815–constant818–tensor817electrical–conductivity43–resistivity44–steel762electroforming292electrokineticsonicamplitude(ESA)937electromagnetic42–concentrationeffect1051–connementofnanostructuredmaterials1050electromechanicalcouplingconstant906,910electron–afnity42–capturespectroscopy(ECS)1019–densityofstates1039–diffraction38–microscopy1054–mobilityn44–spectroscopyforchemicalanalysis(ESCA)933–transportphenomenaofnanostructuredmaterials1046–tunneling,phonon-assisted1048electronmicroscopeimage–magnetictunnelingjunction1063electron-beammelting(EB)303electronegativity–element42electron-energylossspectroscopy(EELS)949,1015electronic42–bandgap44–conguration42–connement1077–dispersioncurve1009–element42–groundstate42–structureofsolidsurfaces1005–workfunction44electron–phononcoupling1045,1046electrooptic–coefcient816–modulatorsofnanostructuredmaterials1045–tensor817electro-opticaldevice957electrostrictiveconstant923elementalsemiconductor1011elements41–allotropicmodication45–atomicproperties42–electromagneticproperties44–electronicproperties44–high-pressuremodication45–ionicproperties42–macroscopicproperties42–materialdata42–molecularproperties42–opticalproperties44–orderedaccordingtotheperiodictable49–orderedbytheiratomicnumber48–orderedbytheirchemicalsymbol47–orderedbytheirname46elinvaralloy781–antiferromagnetic783elinvar-typealloy–nonmagnetic786energy–diagramforaMIMtunneljunction1059–dispersioncurve1009–exchangetimee–ph1047–shiftsintheluminescencepeaks1043energyequivalent23–indifferentunit23energy-dispersiveX-raymicroanalysis(EDX)36,939energy-storagecell1048engineeringcriticalcurrentdensity741enthalpychange44epitaxialquantum–dot1087–wire1085epoxide,epoxy(EP)487epoxyresin(EP)518erbiumEr127Eseinsteinium136ethylcellulose(EC)487,516ethylene/propylene/diene-rubber(EPDM)487ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid(EDTA)545europiumEu127excesscarrierdensity1031excitationenergy–nanostructuredmaterials1043exciton–bindingenergy1081–nanostructuredmaterials1042–Rydbergseries1042excitonBohrradius1081–semiconductors1043explosivelyformedpenetrator(EFP)306SubjectIndex1126SubjectIndexextendedx-rayabsorptionnestructure(EXAFS)36,949externalforce42external-elddependence43extralowcarbon(ELC)244FFuorine108F2opticalglass563F5glass548face-centeredcubic(fcc)753,990,1093facet–crystallography25fahrenheit44familyofferroelectric903fastdisplay897Feiron118Fe14Nd2B–commercialmagnet797–magneticmaterial796Fe-C(-X)–carbidephase216Fe-Co-Cr789Fe-Co-V791Fe-Cralloy218Fe-Mnalloy218Fe-Nd-B793–phaserelation793Fe-Nialloy217Fe-Ni-Al-Co791Fermi–energy1006–function1030–levelpinning1032Fermisurface–nanostructuredmaterials1055,1061–shiftinanelectriceld1055Fermiwavelength–nanostructuredmaterials1041fermiumFm136ferrielectrictriplehysteresisloop928ferrielectricity921ferrite–application804–hardmagnetic804–MnZn803–NiZn804–softmagnetic803ferroelectric–ceramic900–classication900–denition898–dielectricproperties897–displacivetype900–elasticproperties897–family903,904–generalproperties900–hysteresisloop898–indirecttype900–inorganiccrystal897–inorganiccrystalotherthanoxide916–inorganiccrystaloxide906–liquidcrystal897,900,905,923–order–disordertype900–organiccrystal897,923–phasetransition897,900,925–piezoelectricproperties897–polymer897,900,923–pyroelectricproperties897–symbolandunit906–transducer900ferromagneticsurface1016Fe-Sialloy–rapidlysolidied763Fibonaccisequence33eld-effectmobility1032–solidsurface1032eld-emissionscanningelectronmicroscopy(FE-SEM)933gureofmerit(FOM)1097akegraphite(FG)260atglass542at-bandcondition1028uorineF108uoropolymer487,504,505uxow(FF)721Fmfermium136formationcurve–glass538formula–crystallographic990Fotoceram572Fotoform572Foturan572Fouriermap919franciumFr54Frantz–Keldysheffect1044freedielectricconstant901frequencyconversion815Fresnelreectivity562fullylamellar(FL)202fundamentalconstant3–2014adjustment4–alphaparticle9–atomicphysicsandparticlephysics7–CODATArecommendedvalue4–electromagneticconstant6–electron7–meaning4–mostfrequentlyused5–neutron8–proton8–recommendedvalue3,4–thermodynamicconstant6–unitofmeasurement3–universalconstant5fusedsilica–glass547,551GgadoliniumGd127galliumGa–antimonide631–arsenide631–compound631–element72–nitride631–phosphide631gammatitaniumaluminides202Gdgadolinium127germaniumGe80,601giantmagnetoresistance(GMR)1054–ratio1056glasberreinforcedpoly(butyleneterephthalate)(PBT-GF)488glass–Abbevalue560–abbreviatingglasscode556–acidattack546–acidclass547–alkaliattack546–alkaliclass547–alkali–alkaline-earthsilicate544–alkali-leadsilicate544–alkaline-earthaluminosilicate544–amorphousmetal538–armorplateglass542–automotiveapplication542–Borooat543–borosilicate542,544SubjectIndex1127SubjectIndex–borosilicateglass542–brittleness549–chemicalconstant565–chemicalproperties568–chemicalresistance568–chemicalstability544,545–chemicalvapordeposition538–colorcode566–composition542–compoundglass542–containerglass542,543–crackeffect549–density541–designation556–dielectricproperties551–Duran545–elasticity549–electricalproperties550–engineeringmaterial538–berreinforcedpolymer528,530–reprotectingglass542–at542–former541–fracturetoughness548–frozen-inmelt547–halideglass580–hydrolyticclass547–infraredtransmittingglass583–infrared-transmitting583–inhomogeneous539–internaltransmission566–linearthermalexpansion550,569–majorgroup540–manufacturer,preferredopticalglass558–matrix1045–meltingrange547–mixtureofoxidecompound538–optical563–opticalcharacterization560–opticalglass556–opticalproperties552,556–oxideglass580–passivationglass575–physicalconstant565–plateglass542–properties540–quasi-solidmelt547–refractiveindex552–Schottlterglass581–sealingglass572–silicatebased540–soda-limetype542–solderglass575–strength548–stressbehavior548–stressrate548–stress-inducedbirefringence552–structureofsodiumsilicateglass538–supercooledmelt547–surfacecleaningandetching547–surfacemodication546–surfaceresistivity551–technical544–temperature539–tensilestrength549–thermalconductivity569–thermalstrength550–transmittance556–viscosity547–vitreoussilica570–volumeresistivity551–wear-inducedsurfacedefects548glassnumber–8nnn547,551–nnnnofsealingglass576glass,colored–nomenclature578–opticallter578glass,sealing–ceramic575–principalapplication574–recommendedmaterialcombination573–specialproperties574glass,solderandpassivation–composite577–properties577glass-ceramic540,571–density571–manufacturingprocess571glass-ceramics–elasticproperties571glassystate–crystallography36glowdischargemassspectrometry(GD-MS)935GMOfamily–ferroelectric914GMR(giantmagnetoresistance)1054,1056–mechanism1057–thicknessdependence1056goldAu–alloy349–application352–chemicalproperties365–electricalproperties361–electricalresistivity361–element60–intermetalliccompound356–magneticproperties363–mechanicalproperties357–opticalproperties364–phasediagram352–production352–specialalloy365–thermalproperties364–thermochemicaldata352–thermoelectricproperties362goldenmean33grain–aspectratio(GAR)314,328–sizedistribution(GSD)937grain-oriented(GO)760granularmaterial1048granulatedmoldingcompound(GMC)518gray–iron261–SIunitofabsorbeddose18–tin601Grifthaw–glass548group–IVsemiconductor590–IV–IVcompound590groupsofelements(periodictable)42Guinier–Preston(GP)161HHhydrogen51hafniumHf87Haighpush–pulltest410Hallcoefcient44hard–ferrite,magneticproperties806–magneticalloy788harddiskdrive1065–limits1065–technology1065hardenability221hardmetal272hassiumHs118Hateldsteel218HClfamily917Hehelium51SubjectIndex1128SubjectIndexheat–exchangermethod(HEM)838–sinkmaterial306heat-resistantsteel250heavyhole(hh)1081heavy-metal–uoride(HMF)580–oxide(HMO)580HEIS(high-energyionscattering)1023heliumHe51–atomtime-of-ightspectroscopy(HATOF)1020,1022Hermann–Mauguinsymbol28hertz–SIunitoffrequency18hexagonal–BaTiO3909–close-packed(hcp)148,1093hexagonal,pointgroup–6(C6)material836–N6m2(D3h)material830–6mm(C6v)material832Hfhafnium87Hgmercury68high–densitypolyethylene(HDPE)487–impact(modier)(HI)491–permeabilitygrain-oriented(HGO)762–pressure(HP)744–temperature(HT)277high-copperalloy295high-energyionscattering/high-energyionscatteringspectroscopy(HEIS)999highlyorientedpyrolyticgraphite(HOPG)1069high-Nialloys277high-pressure–diecasting(HPDC)153–modication45high-resolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopy(HRTEM)36,933,1061high-strengthlow-alloy(HSLA)231high-Tcsuperconductor–lowercritical719–uppercritical719high-temperaturesuperconductor(HTSC)723hipimplant272HMF(half-metallicferromagnet)1060Hoholmium127holemobilityp44hollow-ware–glass542holmiumHo127holohedry–crystallography28Hooke'slaw43,814hoppingmechanism–nanostructuredmaterials1048hotforming–glass539Hoyacode556Hshassium118Hume-Rotheryphase293,339,356hydrocyanicacid(HCN)938hydrogenH51hydrostaticpressure919hydroxylaminephosphateoximeprocess(HPO)932hyper-Ramanscattering908IIiodine108IBA1000,1032idealsurface990imagepotential1005imagestate1006,1008–effectivemass1008imagingx-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(i-XPS)933impurityelement195Inindium72incommensurate–phase900,923–reconstruction996indiumIn–antimonide647–arsenide647–compound647–element72–nitride647–phosphide647–tinoxide(ITO)306inducedphasetransition898inductivelycoupledplasma(ICP)948–spectroscopy-massspectrometry(ICP-MS)935–spectroscopy-opticalemissionspectralanalysis(ICP-OES)935inelastic–incoherentneutronscattering(IINS)949–neutronscattering900infraredspectroscopy(IR)936–diffusereection(IR-DRIFT)936infrared-transmittingglass583inorganicferroelectric897–otherthanoxide916inosilicate443in-plane-switching(IPS)958insulator–surfacephonon1020intercriticalannealing231interfacestatedensity–solidsurface1033interlayerdistance–crystallographicformula996International–AnnealedCopperStandard(IACS)294,421–SystemofUnits(SI)11–TableforCrystallography30internucleardistance42intrinsic–chargecarrierconcentration44–Debyelength1029–Fermilevel1028Invaralloy–Fe-Ni-based777–Fe-Pdbase780–Fe-Pt-based779Invareffect387inversioncenter28inversionlayer1028–channel1033iodineI108ion–bombardmentandannealing(IBA)1000–chromatography(IC)935–scatteringspectroscopy(ISS)934ion-beam-assisteddeposition(IBAD)736ionic42–radius42,45SubjectIndex1129SubjectIndexionizationenergy–element42iridiumIr394–alloy394–application394–chemicalproperties399–diffusion399–electricalproperties397–element121–latticeparameter395–magneticproperties398–mechanicalproperties396–opticalproperties399–phasediagram395–production395–thermalproperties398–thermoelectricalproperties397ironFe–element118–miscibilitygap218–phasediagram218iron-carbonalloy214iron-cobaltalloy768iron-siliconalloy760Isingmodel900ISO(Internationalorganizationforstandardization)12isotactic(iso)491isothermaltransformation(IT)224isotropic–dielectric818–material818JJDOS1014jellium1006jelliummodel1006–workfunction1008jewelry336jointdensityofstate(JDOS)1014,1015Jominyapparatus225Josephsonvortice720joule–SIunitofenergy16KK50glass548Kpotassium54K7opticalglass563K10opticalglass563katal–SIunitofcatalyticactivity18KDPfamily918kelvin44–SIbaseunit14Kerr–effect815,816–ellipticity1019KH2PO4family918kilogram–SIbaseunit13kineticenergy(KE)306Kleinmansymmetrycondition815knee–jointreplacement272–temperature(TK)316KNO3family918Knoophardness(HK)569Krkrypton115K-resolvedinversephotoelectronspectroscopy(KRIPES)1006Krollprocess195kryptonKr115KTaO3906LLalanthanum78Lambtheoryofelasticvibrations1045La-modiedPZT(PLZT)909langbeinite-typefamily905,923Langmuir–Blodgett(LB)958lanthanumLa78laserscattering(LS)937LASF35opticalglass563LATfamily925lattice–conceptincrystallography26–dynamic1020–parameter990–planeanddirection26–vibration900Laueimage38lawrenciumLr136layer-structurefamily903LCmaterials(LCM)957leadPb409–antimony414–arsenicalloys422–battery-gridalloys415–bearingalloys416–bismuth420–cable-sheathingalloys422–calcium-tin418–calcium-tin,batterygrid419–copperalloys422–corrosion411–corrosionclassication412–element80–fusiblealloys421–gamma-raymassabsorption413–glass542–grades410–internalfriction411–low-meltingalloys420–mechanicalproperties410–quaternaryeutecticalloy421–recrystallization411–silveralloys422–solderalloys416–solders417–telluriumalloys422–ternaryalloys415–tinalloy416lead-antimony–phasediagram414LEED(low-energyelectrondiffraction)1023LEIS(low-energyionscattering)1023LF5opticalglass563Lilithium54Li2Ge7O15family914LiBaO3912light–hole(lh)1081–transmittanceofglass556light-emittingdiode1048lightingindustry306LiNbO3family903,912linear–lowdensitypolyethylene(LLDPE)487–thermalexpansionofopticalglass569LiNH4C4H4O8family905liquidcrystal(LC)955–display(LCD)306,542–family905,927–ferroelectric897–ferroelectricproperties899–physicalproperties957,959,985–polymer(LCP)488,491liquidphaseepitaxy(LPE)737lithiumLi–element54SubjectIndex1130SubjectIndex–niobate912–triborate(LBO)809lithography–nanostructuredmaterials1069Lithosil563LLF1opticalglass563local-densityapproximation(LDA)1006local-eldeffect1050longpasslter(LP)580longitudinalacoustic(LA)909,1045–branch909–phononspectra909long-rangeorder36,920–glass538loss–dynamiceddycurrent760–hysteresis760low–densitypolyethylene(LDPE)487–dielectriclossglass542low-dimensionalsystem–nanostructuredmaterials1040low-energy–electrondiffraction(LEED)996–ionscattering/low-energyionscatteringspectroscopy(LEIS)999low-frequencydielectricconstant909low-heatPortlandcement(LHPC)442low-temperatureannealing295Lrlawrencium136LSMO(La0:7Sr0:3MnO3)1061Lulutetium127lumen–non-SIunitinphotometry15luminescence–nanostructuredmaterials1042luminous–uxinphotometry15–intensityIvinphotometry15lutetiumLu127MMacor572magic-anglespinning(MAS)935magnesiumalloy147,150–corrosionbehavior154–heattreatment153–joining153–mechanicalproperties153–nominalcomposition150–solubledata148–tensileproperties151,152magnesiumMg–castingpractice153–compound664–element63–meltingpractice153–selenide664–sulde664–telluride664magnesiumoxide446,664–applications446–electricalproperties454–mechanicalproperties454–thermalproperties454magnesiumsilicate–electricalproperties444,445–mechanicalproperties444,445–thermalproperties444,445magnet–5/1type796–17/2type799–Mn-Al-C803–TM17Sm2800magnetic–domain1063–eldconstant14–forcemicroscopy(MFM)1067–oxide803–periodicstructure30–readinghead1057,1063–recording,perpendiculardiscontinuousmedia1065–sensor1054,1063–surface1016–susceptibility43magneticdots–arraysof1066–nanostructuredmaterials1054magneticlayer1054,1056–spinvalve1057magneticmaterial–Co5Smbased799–hard788–permanent788magneticnanostructure1037,1054,1055–informationstorage1054–readheads1054–sensors1054magneticsusceptibility–element44,45magnetictunneljunction(MTJ)1059,1062–manganite-based1061–sensor,operationprinciple1064magnetization–element44magnetocrystallineanisotropy753magnetoelectronicdevices1063magnetoresistance–effect1056–ofFe/Crmultilayers1056magnetostriction754majoritycarrier1031malleableiron262manganeseMn112manipulatingthedotmagnetization1067manufacturing–Fe-Nd-Bmagnet794–processofglass540martensite214martensitictransformation217,218massmagneticsusceptibility44,45mass-productionglass540material-specicparameter43matrixcomposite154Maxwell–Garnettmodel1051MBE(molecular-beamepitaxy)1000,1054,1068–0-Dstructures1069–1-Dstructures1069–2-Dstructures1068Mdmendelevium136mechanicalproperties–element42,43–opticalglass569–technicalglass547mediumdensitypolyethylene(MDPE)487medium-energyionscattering/medium-energyionscatteringspectroscopy(MEIS)999MEIS(medium-energyionscattering)1023meitneriumMt121melamineformaldehyde(MF)487,518meltingtemperature44–element44memorydevice897mendeleviumMd136SubjectIndex1131SubjectIndexmercuryHg68–compound692mesophase955,956mesoscopicmaterial–conductivity1049–nanoparticledoped1050–waveguideapplications1050mesoscopicsystem–quantumsizeeffect1040–thermodynamicstability1041metal938,1006–berreinforcedpolymer535–nanoparticle1045–organicchemicalvapordeposition(MOCVD)736,1037–resonancestate1008–verticalrelaxation999–workfunction1006metalsurface996–corelevelshift(SCLS)1006–Debyetemperature1023–jelliummodel1006–phonon1020–state1008metamaterial1096methylcyclopentadienylmanganesetricarbonyl(MMT)945Metrologica,internationaljournal12MFMimageofawrittenlineonanarrayofdots1068MFMimageofarraysofdots1068MFMimageofdomainpattern1067–sidewalls1067Mgmagnesium63MHPOBC(liquidcrystal)927Mietheory1050Miller–delta815–index27M–I–M(metal–insulator–metal)heterostructure1059minoritycarrier1031missing-rowreconstruction997Mnmanganese112Mn-Al-C802–phaserelation802Momolybdenum104MOCVD(metalorganicchemicalvapordeposition)1069modied–fullylamellar(MFL)202–nearlylamellar(MNL)202–Portlandcement(MPC)442modulated–crystalstructure917–structureincrystallography31Mohshardness44,813,816molar–enthalpyofsublimation44–entropy44–heatcapacity44–magneticsusceptibility44–mass541–susceptibility45–volume43mole14–fractioninglass541molecularproperties42molecular-beamepitaxy(MBE)1000,1037molybdenumMo104momentumconservation1081–rule1041monoclinic,pointgroup2(C2)material878monocrystallinematerial43monolithicalloy154monomerunit(mu)491MOSdevice989MOSFET(metal-oxide-semiconductoreld-effecttransistor)1028–electronandholemobility1032–equilibriumcondition1033–schematicdrawing1032Mott–Wannierexciton1042MQW(multiplequantumwell)1044MRAM(magneticrandomaccessmemories)1064–cell,schematicdiagram1065Mtmeitnerium121MTJ(magnetictunneljunction)1058,1060multi-componentalloy211multidomainverticalalignmentthinlmtransistor(MVA-TFT)958multilamentary(MF)739multiphase(MP)271multiple–hysteresisloop925–quantumwell(MQW)1044,1048NNnitrogen91N16B–glass551–sealingglass576Nasodium54NaNO2family917nanocrystal1044nanoimprintlithography1066nanoimprintedsingledomaindots–images1066nanoimprinting1066nanolithography1037nanometricmultilayer1054nano-oxidelayer(NOL)1058nanoparticle1037–dopedmaterial1051–local-eld1050nanopatterning1066nanoporousmaterial1048nanostructure–magnetic1054nanostructuredmaterial–classicationscheme1040–conductance1048–electricalconductivity1048–manufacturing1068–preparation1037,1040–zeolites1070nanowire1086–1-Dstructure1084naturalunit(n.
u.
)21Nbniobium96N-BAF10opticalglass563N-BAF52opticalglass563N-BAK4opticalglass563N-BALF4opticalglass563N-BASF64opticalglass563N-BK7–glass561–opticalglass563Ndneodynium127Nd-Fe-B–physicalproperties794n-dimensional(n-D)31Neneon115neareldmicroscopy1054near-gamma(NG)202nearlylamellar(NL)202negativerefractiveindex1096negative-indexmaterial1096Neoceram572neodyniumNd127SubjectIndex1132SubjectIndexneonNe115Neoparies572neptuniumNp136nesosilicate443neutron–diffraction(ND)38,919,949–scattering908–spectrometerscan910newRheoCastprocess(NRC)154newtonmeter–SIunitofmomentofforce16N-FK51–glass561–opticalglass563N-FK56opticalglass563(NH4)2SO4family921(NH4)3H(SO4)2family922(NH4)HSO4family921(NH4)LiSO4family921nickelNi124–alloys275–application275–carbides281–element124–low-alloy275–mechanicalproperties276–plating292nickel-basedsuperalloys280nickel-ironalloy765nickel-silver301niobiumNb96nitride–electricalproperties473–mechanicalproperties473–physicalproperties474–thermalproperties473nitrogenN91N-KF9opticalglass563N-KZFS2opticalglass563N-LAF2opticalglass563N-LAK33opticalglass563N-LASF31opticalglass563nobeliumNo136noblemetal336–Ag336–alloy336–application336–Au336–catalysts336–corrosionresistance336–hardness336–Ir336–opticalreectivity336–Os336–Pd336–Pt336–Rh336–Ru336–vaporpressure336noncrystallographicdiffractionsymmetry33nonlinear–eld-dependentproperties43–susceptibilitytensor817nonlinearoptical–coefcientsofnanostructuredmaterials1044–device897,919–susceptibility913nonoriented(NO)760nonoxideferroelectric899non-SIunit11,20normalorordinaryPortlandcement(NPC)442normalizing216Npneptunium136N-PK51opticalglass563N-PSK57opticalglass563N-SF1opticalglass563N-SF6–glass561–opticalglass563N-SF56opticalglass563N-SK16opticalglass563N-SSK2opticalglass563nuclear–incoherentscattering910–magneticresonance(NMR)935–reactionanalysis(NRA)934–reactor209OOoxygen98occupiedelectronshell42Oharacode556one-dimensionallong-periodsuperstructure(1D-LPS)368one-electronpotential1007opal1053optical–connement1090–defect1094–density(OD)1044–linedefect1094–material,high-frequencyproperties814–modefrequency909–parametricoscillation(OPO)815,913–phononsoftening907–pointdefect1095–properties42–second-harmonicgenerator897–transparencyrange816opticalglass540,556–F2563–K7563–K10563–LASF35563–LF5563–LLF1563–N-BAF10563–N-BAF52563–N-BAK4563–N-BALF4563–N-BASF64563–N-BK7563–N-FK51563–N-FK56563–N-KF9563–N-KZFS2563–N-LAF2563–N-LAK33563–N-LASF31563–N-PK51563–N-PSK57563–N-SF1563–N-SF6563–N-SF56563–N-SK16563–N-SSK2563–SF1563–SF2563–SF6563–SF11563–SF66563–SK51563–thermalproperties569optoelectronicdevices–nanostructuredmaterials1044organicferroelectric897orthorhombic,pointgroup–222(D2)material864–mm2(C2v)material868–mmm(D2h)material862osmiumOs118–alloy403–application403–cathode404–chemicalproperties405SubjectIndex1133SubjectIndex–electricalproperties404–element118–latticeparameter403–magneticproperties405–mechanicalproperties403–phasediagram403–production403–thermalproperties405–thermoelectricproperties405outer-shellorbitalradius42overaging187oxidationstate42oxide446,940–beryllium447–ceramics,productionof446–ferroelectric897,899–magnesium446–superconductor,low-Tc715oxide-dispersion-strengthened(ODS)309oxygenO98PPphosphorus91Paprotactinium136pairdistributionfunction–crystallography37palladiumPd124–alloy367–application367–electricalproperties373–element124–latticeparameter368–magneticproperties376–mechanicalproperties372–phasediagram368–production368–thermoelectricproperties373paperinsulatedlead-sheathedcable(PILC)423parabolicband1010Parkesprocess337partiallycrystalline(pcr)491partiallystabilizedzirconia(PSZ)447–electricalproperties456–mechanicalproperties456–thermalproperties456particle–inaboxmodel1040–intensityIpinradiometry15–sizedistribution(PSD)937passivationglass575,577–properties577patterntransferbyimprinting1066Pauling42Pblead80Pb-Ca-Snbattery-gridalloy419PbHPO4family920PbZrO3909Pdpalladium124pearlite214Pearsonsymbol43periodictableoftheelements42,50permanentmagnet–Co-Sm796perovskite-type–family903,904,906–oxide903phase–separation539–transition957phasediagram–Fe-C215–Fe-Cr218–Fe-Mn218–Fe-Ni217–Fe-Si219–Ti-Al201–Zr-Nb208–Zr-O208phase-matching–angle816–condition815phenolformaldehyde(PF)487,518phonon–connementofnanostructuredmaterials1046–instability915–modefrequency902phonondispersion–surfacephonon1020phonondispersioncurve–surfacephonon1021phononenergy–nanostructuredmaterials1045–solidsurface1022phonon–phononcoupling901phosphorusP91photoconductivecrystal916photoelasticeffect815photoelectrondiffraction(PED)999photoemissionspectraforAgquantumwells1041photoluminescence(PL)1089–excitation(PLE)1089–spectraofCdSe1045photometricquantity16photometry–intensitymeasurement15photonicband-gap–material1053–structure1090,1092photoniccrystal1090,1094phyllosilicate443physicalproperties486,812physicalquantity12–base11,12–data13–denition12–derived11,12–generaltable5piezoelectric910–material(PZT)909–strainconstant911–straintensor814–tensor817piezoelectricity814,900piezoopticcoefcient815planarelectromechanicalcouplingfactor912Planckradiator15plasmon–excitationofnanostructuredmaterials1037–peak1050–resonance1051plastisizedpolyvinylchloride–(60/40)(PVC-P2)487–(75/25)(PVC-P1)487platinumgroupmetal(PGM)367–alloy367platinumPt124–alloy379–application379–catalysis388–chemicalproperties387–electricalproperties384–element124–magneticalproperties386–mechanicalproperties381–opticalproperties387–phasediagram379–production379–thermalproperties387–thermoelectricproperties384plutoniumPu136SubjectIndex1134SubjectIndexPLZT–ceramicmaterial910,912Pmpromethium127Popolonium98Pockelseffect815pointgroup–crystallography28Poisson–equation1028–number43Poisson'sratio–opticalglass569poloniumPo98poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)(PMP)487,492poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene)(ABS)487,498–blend521,524poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene-co-acrylester)(ASA)487,498–blend521,524poly(amideimide)(PAI)487,514poly(butyleneterephthalate)(PBT)487,508,511–blend522poly(etherimide)(PEI)487,514poly(ethersulfone)(PES)487,513poly(ethyleneterephthalate)(PET)487,508–blend522poly(ethylene-co-acrylicacid)(EAA)487,492poly(ethylene-co-chlorotriuoroethylene)(ECTFE)487,504poly(ethylene-co-tetrauoroethylene)(ETFE)487,504poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate)(EVA)487,492poly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA)487,504poly(oxymethylene)(POM)487,504–copolymer504poly(oxymethylene-co-ethylene)(POM-R)487poly(phenyleneether)(PPE)487,508,511–blend522poly(phenyleneoxide)(PPO)508poly(phenylenesulde)(PPS)487,513poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)(SAN)487,498poly(styrene-co-butadiene)(SB)487,498poly(tetrauoroethylene-co-hexauoropropylene)(FEP)487,504poly(vinylcarbazole)(PVK)487,498,502polyacetal487,504polyacrylic487,504polyamide(PA)487,491,508polybutene(PB)487,492polycarbonate(PC)487,508–blend522polychlorotriuoroethylene(PCTFE)487,504,505–copolymer504polychlorotriuoroethylenecopolymer505polyester487,508,511polyether487,511–etherketone(PEEK)487,514–ketone487polyethylene(PE)491,492–copolymer492–ionomer(EIM)487,492polyimide(PI)487,514polyisobutylene(PIB)487,492polymer–blend487,521,524–electrolytemembrane(PEM)943–family905,928–ferroelectric897–ferroelectricproperties899–matrix1045polyolen487,492polypropylene(PP)487,492–blend521,524polystyrene(PS)487,498,502–copolymer498,502polysulde487polysulfone(PSU)487,513–blend522polytetrauoroethylene(PTFE)487,504,505–copolymer504,505polyurethane(PUR)487,517polyvinylchloride(PVC)498,503–blend521polyvinylideneuoride–ferroelectric905porousaluminumsilicates–electricalproperties445–mechanicalproperties445–thermalproperties445Portlandcement–ASTMtypes442–chemicalcomposition442potassiumK54potentialbarrier1029powdermetallurgy(P/M)303powder-compositematerial272powder-in-tube(PIT)739power-lawdependenceofconductivityonlmthickness1047Prpraseodynium127practicalsuperconductor–characteristicproperties710praseodyniumPr127prex–decimalmultiplesofunits18primitivecell–crystalstructure26printedcircuitboard(PCB)528projected–bandstructure1005–bondlength1004promethiumPm127propertytensor43–independentcomponent817protactiniumPa136protondistribution919proton-exchangefuelcell(PEFC)399pseudopotentialcalculation1015Ptplatinum124p-typediamond–Debyelength1029Puplutonium136pulsed–infraredlaser1044–laserdeposition(PLD)737Purcelleffect1095pyrochlore-typefamily903pyroelectric–coefcient909–measurement924PZT–piezoelectricmaterial909Qquantizationenergy1079quantumconnement1042–nanostructuredmaterials1046SubjectIndex1135SubjectIndexquantumdot1087–connementregime1088–nanostructuredmaterials1037,1040quantumsizeeffect–nanostructuredmaterials1037,1040quantumtransport–nanostructuredmaterials1058quantumwell(QW)1083–coupled1048–energy1080–metallic1083–nanostructuredmaterials1037,1040–subband1085quantumwire(QWR)1083,1086–1-Dstructure1084–nanostructuredmaterials1040quantum-connedStarkeffect(QCSE)1045quasicrystal31quasielasticneutronscattering(QENS)949QWIP(quantumwellinfraredphotodetector)1047RRaradium63radiantintensityIe–radiometry15radiationsourcesandexposuretechniquesinlithography1070radiometricquantity16radiometry–intensitymeasurement15radiumRa63radonRn115Ramanscattering900–spectroscopy1045Ramanspectrum902rapid-hardeningPortlandcement(RHPC)442rareearth(RE)793Rayleighmode1020Rbrubidium54Rerhenium112reactioninjectionmolding(RIM)517reactiveionetching(RIE)1066reconstructionmodel997–solidsurface997reconstructionofsemiconductor1000reconstructionofsurface996–metal998recordingmedia–arraysofmagneticdots1066reduced–surfacestateenergy1030–wavevector1020reduced-dimensionalmaterialgeometries1039reectanceanisotropyspectroscopy(RAS)1006,1016reectionhigh-energyelectrondiffraction(RHEED)1000refractiveindex44,819–glass552,556–Sellmeierdispersionformula561–temperaturedependence561refractory–nitride-based474–silicide-based480refractoryceramics446–production,useofrawmaterials454refractorymetal303–annealing311–chemicalproperties307,308–crackgrowthbehavior326–creepelongation317–creepproperties326,327,329–creepstrain317–dynamicproperties318–evaporationrate307–fatiguecrackgrowth323,325–fatiguedata320,321–owstress316–fracturemechanicaldata323–grainboundary314–high-cyclefatigueproperties319–linearthermalexpansion306–low-cyclefatigueproperties322–mechanicalproperties314–metalloss308,310–microplasticity318–oxidationbehavior308,309,311–physicalproperties306–productionroute304–recovery311–recrystallization311–resistanceagainstgaseousmedia309–resistanceagainstmetalmelts308–specicelectricalresistivity307–specicheat307–staticmechanicalproperties315–thermalconductivity307–thermomechanicaltreatment314–vaporpressure307–Young'smodulus307refractorymetalalloy303–305–application306–product306reinforcedpolymer528,530,531,533–535relaxation–ofsemiconductor1000–ofsurface996,998relaxor900,903,909remanent–magnetization915–polarization911residual–resistanceratio(RRR)397–resistivityratio(RRR)344resonantcavity1095responseofmaterial43Rfrutherfordium87rheniumRe112rhodiumRh121–alloy389–application389–chemicalproperties394–electricalproperties390–element121–mechanicalproperties389–opticalproperties393–phasediagram389–production389–thermalproperties392–thermoelectricalproperties392ribbonsilicate443RIE(reactiveionetching)1066Rnradon115Rochellesalt898–family925RockwellhardnessAscale(HRA)273rolling–assistedbi-axiallytexturedsubstrate(RABiTS)736–direction(RD)762roomtemperature(RT)45,204,411,589–andstandardpressure(RTP)45rubidiumRb54SubjectIndex1136SubjectIndexrutheniumRu118–alloy399–application399–chemicalproperties402–electricalproperties401–element118–latticeparameter400–magneticproperties402–mechanicalproperties400–opticalproperties402–phasediagram400–production400–thermalproperties402–thermoelectricproperties402Rutherfordbackscatteringanalysis(RBA)934rutherfordiumRf87RW(weightedsoundreduction)412SSsulfur98samariumSm127Sbantimony91SbSIfamily916Scscandium78SC(NH2)2family923scalingofsolution1091scandiumSc78scanning–electronmicroscopy(SEM)36,939–transmissionelectronmicroscopy(STEM)949–tunnelingmicroscopy(STM)1001,1070scattering–lossesofawaveguide1050–nanoscaleobjects1053Schoeniessymbol28,43Schott–AG537–code556–lterglass581–glass8nnn553Seselenium98seaborgiumSg104sealingglass542,572second–harmonic(SH)1018–SIbaseunit14secondary–electron(SE)939–hardening255–neutralmassspectrometry(SNMS)934secondary-ionmassspectrometry(SIMS)934second-harmonicgeneration(SHG)815,900second-orderphasetransition901selectivecatalyticreduction(SCR)940seleniumSe98Sellmeier–dispersionformula561–equation816semiborosilicateWertheim(SBW)553semiconductor1011–bandbending1028–covalent1001–eld-effectmobility1032–III–Vcompound1012–intrinsicDebyelength1029–nanocrystal1045–nanostructures1041–polar1001semiconductorquantum–connement1042–well1084semiconductorreconstruction1012–model997semiconductorsurface997–corelevelshift1011–Debyetemperature1024–Fermilevelpinning1032–ionizationenergy1011,1012–phonon1020–shift1011semi-solidmetalprocessing(SSMP)154sensor–chemiresistor-type1048SF1opticalglass563SF2opticalglass563SF6–glass548,561–opticalglass563SF11opticalglass563SF66opticalglass563Sgseaborgium104shapememory298–alloyTiNi205–nickel275shapedchargeliner(SCL)306shearmodulus43sheetmoldingcompound(SMC)516short-rangeorder36–glass538Shubnikovgroup–crystallography30SI(InternationalSystemofUnits)11,12–denitionofmagneticsusceptibility45–prex19–unit13SIderivedunit16,17–withspecialname17,18Sisilicon80Si3N4–ceramics457–powder478SiCceramics457sievert–SIunitofdoseequivalent18signal-to-noiseratio(SNR)1065silica538silicate443–basedglass540silicide465,480siliconSi80,601–carbide601–driftdetector(SDD)933–element80–nitride465–technology1042siliconsteel–grain-oriented761–nonoriented760silicon-basedlasers1042siliconeresin(SI)518silicon-germaniumalloy601silicon–siliconoxideinterface1033silverAg60,337–alloy337–application337–chemicalproperties348–crystalstructure337–diffusion347–electricalproperties344–element60–intermetallicphase339–magneticproperties345–mechanicalproperties341–opticalproperties346–phasediagrams337–production337–ternaryalloy349SubjectIndex1137SubjectIndex–thermalproperties345–thermodynamicdata337–thermoelectricproperties345simpleperovskite-typeoxide903simultaneousthermalanalysis(STA)937singlehysteresisloop898SiO2538sizequantization1077SK51opticalglass563Smsamarium127small-anglecolonyboundary(SCB)743small-spotx-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(SS-XPS)933smecticCphase927Sntin80sodalimeglass543,547sodiumNa54softannealing216softmagneticalloy756–nanocrystalline771softmagneticmaterial–composite756–sintered756soft-modespectroscopy900solarcell1048solder–alloy349–glass575sol–gelsynthesis–nanostructuredmaterials1070solidmatter25sorosilicate443sound–reductionindex(SRI)412–transmissionclassication(STC)412–velocity43source1033sp3-bondedcrystal997spacechargefunction–solidsurface1028spacechargelayer–semiconductorsurface1028–solidsurface1028spacegroup–crystallography30speedoflight13spheroidalgraphite(SG)260spheroidite216spin–accumulation1055–diffusionlength1055spinelectronics–applications1061–nanostructuredmaterials1037,1054spinpolarization1060–ofnanostructuredmaterials1055spinvalve–multilayer1058–readhead,schematicdiagramof1063–sensor1058spin-asymmetricmaterial1055spinelstructure–crystallography30spin-electronicswitch1060spin-polarized–angle-resolvedphotoemissionspectroscopy(SPARPES)1019–low-energyelectrondiffraction(SPLEED)1018spintronics–nanostructuredmaterials1037,1054spontaneous–electricpolarization898–polarization909sputteringtarget306Srstrontium63SRI(soundreductionindex)412SrNb2O7family903Sr2Nb2O7family914SrTeO3family913SrTiO3906stabilizedzirconia(PSZ)447stackingfault–crystallography38stainresistance–opticalglass568stainlesssteel237–austenitic243–duplex247–ferritic238–martensitic241–martensitic-ferritic241standard–electrodepotential42–entropy44–temperatureandpressure(STP)42Starkeffect–nanostructuredmaterials1045staticdielectricconstant44,816,818STC(soundtransmissionclassication)412steel–austenitic250–carbon220–ferritic250–ferriticaustenitic250–hardening221–heat-resistant250–high-strengthlow-alloy(HSLA)231–low-alloycarbonsteel220–mechanicalproperties221–stainless237–tool254stibiotantalitefamily903STM(scanningtunnelingmicroscopy)998,1006–spectroscopy1012STO(SrTiO3)1061storage–capacityofharddisks1054–densityevolutionofharddiskdrives1054storagemedia1065–arraysofnanometer-scaledots1065–limits1065–technology1065storinginformationonthesidewallsofthedots1067Stranski–Krastanowgrowth1087strengthofglass548stress–birefringence552,562–intensityfactor548strong-connementregime–nanostructuredmaterials1042,1043strontiumSr63–oxide668–titanate906structural–parameter1000–phasetransition900–unitsofpolymers490structure–diamond-like990–typeincrystallography30Strukturberichttype43sublattice898–polarization898submicrometermagneticdots1065SubjectIndex1138SubjectIndexsulfate-resistingPortlandcement(SRPC)442sulfurS98sumfrequencygeneration(SFG)815superalloy–Ni-basedcast284superconductingquantuminterferencedevice(SQUID)735superconductivity44superconductor701–boride744–borocarbide745–carbide744–crystalstructure716–deviceapplication722–industrialwireperformance722–metallic702–Nballoy702–Pballoy702–pinning720–practicalmetallic708–productionNb3Sn710–SQUID723–structuraldata723–Valloy702–vortexlines720–Y-Ba-Cu-O723superconductor,high-Tc–crystalstructure716–cuprate716,717,723–oxide,chemicalcomposition715supercooledliquid–glass538superlattice–energy1080–miniband1080superstructure–crystallography38supertwistednematic(STN)958Supremax542surface990–acousticwave(SAW)906–bandstructure1005–Brillouinzone(SBZ)1005–conductivityofsolidsurface1032–Curietemperature1016–diagram990–differentialreectivity(SDR)1006,1017–excessconductivity1032–ionizationenergy1011–magnetic1016–magnetization1018–mobility1032–ofdiamond1012–response,dielectrictheory1015–semiconductor997–structureofanideal990–tension43surfacecorelevelshift(SCLS)1006–solidsurface1011,1013surfacephonon1020–dispersion1025–metal1022–mode1020surfaceplasmon–absorptionofnanoparticles1053–dispersioncurve1010surfaceresonance1005–phonon1020surfacestate1005–acceptor1030–donor1030–transition1015surfacestateband1014–solidsurface1012surface-enhancedRamanscattering(SERS)936surgicalimplantalloy,cobalt-based272susceptibility–magnetic44–mass45–molar45–nonlineardielectric815,819–second-ordernonlineardielectric816–third-ordernonlineardielectric816SV(spinvalve)1057symmetryelementofpointgroup28syndiotactic(syn)491synthesisofclusters–gas-phaseproduction1071–nanostructuredmaterials1070syntheticsilica570TTtritium51tantalumTa96Tbterbium127TC12(technicalcommittee12ofISO)12Tetellurium98technetiumTc112technical–ceramics446–copper295–glass542,544–specialtyglass540telluriumTe98temperaturecoefcient(TC)796–ofresistivity(TCR)344temperingofsteel216tensilestrength44tensor–elastooptic816–piezoelectricstrain816terbiumTb127ternaryalloy298ternesteelcoatings417tetragonal,pointgroup–4=m(C4h)material848–N42m(D2d)material852–4mm(C4v)material860–4mmm(D4h)material846–422(D4)material850tetrahydrofuran(THF)491TGSfamily924Ththorium136thalliumTl72–arsenicselenide(TAS)812thermal–age947–andthermodynamicproperties42–conductivity43,44–expansionofglass540–propertiesoftechnicalglass547,549–vibrationofsurfacephonons1020–workfunction44thermalexpansioncoefcient(TEC)776–glass540–linear43thermallyactivateduxow(TAFF)721thermallyprogrammed–desorption(TPD)937–oxidation(TPO)937–reduction(TPR)937thermodynamicproperties44thermoelectriccoefcient44SubjectIndex1139SubjectIndexthermogravimetry(TG)936thermomechanicaltreatment(TMT)313,314thermoplasticpolyurethaneelastomer(TPU)487,517thermoset487thinlm900–transistor(TFT)306,553,958thixomolding154thoriumTh136three-waveinteractionincrystal815thuliumTm127Tititanium87timeofwetness(TOW)434,435time-temperature-transformation(TTT)189,230tinSn80titanate447titaniumalloy195,199–application200–chemicalcomposition200–chemicalproperties201–mechanicalproperties200,203–physicalproperties203–polycrystalline203–singlecrystalline203–thermalexpansioncoefcient203titaniumdioxide–mechanicalproperties457–thermalproperties457titaniumoxide–phasediagram196titaniumTi87,195–commerciallypuregrade197–creepbehavior198–creepstrength200–element87–hardness197–high-temperaturephase195–intermetallicmaterial200–phasetransformation195–sponge197–superalloy200Tlthallium72Tmthulium127TMR(tunnelmagnetoresistance)1060,1061toolsteel254topmostatomiclayerchange948top-seededsolutiongrown(TSSG)860torsionalmodulus569totalloss760transformationtemperatureofglass539transition–rangeofglass539–surfacestate1015–temperatureofglass539transmission–spectraofcoloredglass579,580–windowofglass538transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)36,941,1067–imageofasuperlatticeofAuclusters1071–viewsofsingledots1067transmittanceofglass561–colorcode568transverseacoustic(TA)909,1045–branch909–phononspectra909transverseoptical(TO)–branch909–mode900transverse-electric(TE)1092transverse-magnetic(TM)1092triuoroethylene(TrFE)928trigonal,pointgroup–3m(C3v)materials842–N3m(D3d)material838–32(D3)materials840triplepointofwater44tritiumT51truncatedcrystal996tungstenbronze-typefamily903,913tungstenW104tunneljunction–magnetic1058tunnelmagnetoresistance(TMR)1060–asafunctionofmagneticeld1060–functionofeldandtemperature1062tunnelingofnanostructuredmaterials1048,1058twistednematic(TN)957two-dimensionallong-periodsuperstructure(2D-LPS)368two-photonabsorptioncoefcient819typeIIsuperconductor–anisotropycoefcient719–coherencelength719–high-Tccupratecompound719typemetal416UUuranium136ultimatetensilestrength(UTS)209ultrahigh–densitystoragemedia1054,1065–molecularweightpolyethylene(UHMWPE)487ultralowexpansion(ULE)570ultravioletradiation(UV)936unalloyedcopper294uniaxialcrystal816uniednumberingsystemformetalsandalloys(UNS)214,294units–amountofsubstance14–atomic(a.
u.
)21–candela15–cellofSi(111)771004–CGSunit21–coherentsetof19–crystallography22–electriccurrent14–generaltable5–length13–luminousintensity15–mass13–natural20–non-SI19,20,22–ofphysicalquantity3–outsidetheSI19–temperature14–TheInternationalSystemof11–time14–usedwiththeSI19–x-ray-related22unplastisizedpolyvinylchloride(PVC-U)487unsaturatedpolyester(UP)487,518UPS1007uraniumU136ureaformaldehyde(UF)487,518VVvanadium96vacuum-arccasting(VAC)303SubjectIndex1140SubjectIndexvalenceelectronconcentration(VEC)347vanderWaalsattraction1025vanadiumV96vapor–liquid–solid(VLS)1086vertical–nanomagnets1067–relaxationofmetal999vertical-cavitysurface-emittinglaser(VCSEL)1094Vickershardness(HV)44,769viewingindependentpanel(VIP)985vinylpolymer487,498,502,503vinylideneuoride(VDF)928viscosity43–glass539–glass,temperaturedependence548–opticalglass569–technicalglass547–temperaturedependence539vitreoussilica–electricalproperties570–gassolubility570–glass540,570–moleculardiffusion570–opticalconstant570vitreoussolderglass575Vitronit572Vogel,Fulcher,andTammann(VFT)547volume–compressibility43–magnetization44–ofprimitivecell,crystallographicformula996volume–temperaturedependence–glass538vulcanizedber(VF)487,516Vycor542WWtungsten104waveguide1094wavelength-dispersiveanalysisofX-ray(WDX)36weak-connementregime–nanostructuredmaterials1042,1043wear-inducedsurfacedefect548Weibulldistribution548weightfraction541weightedsoundreduction(RW)412Wood'smetal421workfunction–metal1006–solidsurface1006workhardeningwroughtcopperalloy297wrought–alloy298–magnesiumalloy150–superalloy280wtppm(weightpartpermillion)409Wyckoffposition–crystallography30XxenonXe115x-ray–diffraction(XRD)36,740,949–uorescence(XRF)948–interferenceincrystallography25–photoelectronspectroscopy(XPS)949x-rayabsorption–near-edgestructure(XANES)934–spectroscopy(XAFS)949YYyttrium78Ybytterbium127Y-Ba-Cu-O–criticalcurrentdensity733–crystaldefect727–crystalstructure723–electricresistivity731–grainboundary730–holeconcentration733–latticeparameter728–lowercriticaleld733–oxygencontent725–pinning735–substitution726–superconductingproperties732–thermalconductivity732–transitiontemperature733–uppercriticaleld734yieldstress(YS)209Young'smodulus814–element43–opticalglass569ytterbiumYb127yttriumY78Zzeolite940–nanostructuredmaterials1070Zerodur572–linearthermalexpansion571zincZn–compound673–element68–naturallyoccurring428–oxide673–properties429–selenide673–sulde673–telluride673–uses432zircaloy209–irradiationeffect209zirconiumZr87–alloy207–bulkglassyalloy210–bulkglassybehavior211–dioxide447–element87–lowalloymaterial208–nuclearapplication209–technically-purematerial208Znzinc68