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MiniProjectReport01&201&20034536789@AB5C@D5@EDF@DGCD@@ACDGINDIANINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGYDELHINovember2000SubmittedbyAshishGupta(98131)MananSanghi(98140)UnderSupervisionof:Prof.
M.
BalakrishnanProf.
AnshulKumarHIPQRSTUVWUXUQY`WearepleasedtoacknowledgeProf.
M.
BalakrishnanandProf.
AnshulKumarfortheirinvaluableguidanceduringthecourseofthisprojectwork.
WeextendoursincerethankstoMr.
VishalBhattwhocontinuouslyhelpedusthroughouttheprojectandwithouthisguidance,thisprojectwouldhavebeenanuphilltask.
WearealsogratefultoothermembersoftheASSETteamwhoco-operatedwithusregardingsomeissues.
Wewouldalsoliketothank'SoftwareFarm'(www.
swfm.
com)forwritingtheveryusefulMicaGraphicsFrameworkToolkitforJavaundertheOpenSourcebannerwhichgreatlyhelpedusinwritingthevisualizationpart.
Lastbutnottheleast,Mr.
AshishShahsupervisorofFPGALabalsoco-operatedwithusnicelyforthesmoothdevelopmentofthisproject.
November2000AshishGupta(98131)MananSanghi(98140)abcdefdegACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
1CONTENTS.
2INTRODUCTION.
3OVERVIEW.
3BACKGROUNDANDMOTIVATION.
3METHODOLOGY.
5TOOLDESCRIPTION.
6USERINTERFACE.
6FEATURES.
6SPECIFICATION.
9CALLINGTHEDESIGNTOOLS.
12ANALYSIS.
14VISUALIZATION18SYNTHESIS.
20MODULARITYOFANALYSISANDVISUALIZATION.
21OVERVIEW.
21ANALYSIS.
21VISUALIZATION21IMPLEMENTATION21FUTUREWORK.
24APPENDIXA26APPENDIXB.
28REFERENCES.
29hipqrstuvqwspOverviewThisreportdiscussestheresultoftheworkdoneindevelopmentof"IntegratedFrameworkforAnalysisandVisualizationforEmbeddedSystems"onJavaPlatform.
ItisapartoftheASSET(AutomatedSynthesiSofEmbeddedsysTems)projectgoinginComputerScienceDepartment,IITDelhiandaimsatthedevelopmentofanapplicationframeworkforprovidingacommonplatformforfacilitatingtheuseofmethodologicalapproachdevelopedbytheASSETteamandintegrationofvarioustoolsdevelopedduringtheexecutionoftheproject.
BackgroundandMotivationEmbeddedSystemscanbefoundinalargevarietyofapplicationstodaylikeimageprocessing,networkingandwirelesscommunication.
Theyessentiallycompriseofaprocessorandsomehardwarebuiltaroundit.
Thesoftwareisusedforachievingfastturnaroundtimeswhilethehardwareisusedtospeedupcriticalportionsofthesystem.
Tillnow,thedesignofEmbeddedSystemswaslargelycarriedoutinanad-hocmanner.
Withdramaticallydecreasingsiliconcosts,itisnowpossibletoimplementverycomplexsystemsonasinglechip.
Withover100milliontransistorsperICexpectedbytheturnofthecentury,theexpectedcomplexityofsuchsystemswillrequirearigorousdesignChapterxymethodologywiththedevelopmentofsupportingdesigntools.
ThisispreciselythefocusofASSETproject.
TheASSETprojectaimsatthedevelopmentofadesignmethodologyforembeddedsystemsforvision/imageprocessingapplications.
Theideaisthatgivenasystemspecification,byfollowingthemethodologyandwiththehelpofthetoolsdevelopedtosupportit,theuserwillbeabletosynthesizeasystemthatmeetshisconstraints.
Atoolwasrequiredtointegrateallthedesigntoolsdiscussedabovealongwiththecapabilitytoperformthesamefunctionsmanually.
AnalysisandVisualizationofthetargetplatformwasalsorequiredtoknowitsperformance.
Thisprojectdealswiththedevelopmentofsuchatoolwhichwillassistintheimplementationoftheabovemethodology.
ObjectiveThefinalgoaloftheprojectwastwofold.
1.
AnIntegratedFrameworkwasrequiredforinteractionwiththevarioustools(likeSoftware/HardwareEstimation,Partitioning,Synthesistoolsetc.
)withtheplatformspecificationbeingdoneintheapplicationitself.
2.
Basedonthefinalplatformconfigurationandbindings,anAnalysisandVisualizationframeworkwasrequiredforgettingperformancemetricsofthesystemandforvisualizationoftheanalysisresultsandthetargetplatform.
Alongwithabovemaingoals,capabilitytodesignthetargetplatformmanuallywasalsodesired.
MethodologyToimplementtheabovegoals,thefollowingmethodologyneedstobefollowed:1.
SpecifyingtheApplicationandvariouscomponentsoftheArchitecture.
2.
Specifyingthebindingsbetweenthetasksandtheresourceseithermanuallyorbythedesigntools.
3.
Specifyingtheportinterconnectionsbetweentheresources.
4.
Analysis:Extractingthedatarequiredforanalysisandthedoingtheanalysis.
5.
SynthesisusingthesynthesistoolsdevelopedbytheASSETteam.
UserInterfaceThetoolisveryuserfriendlyandintuitiveandusesaGUIinterfaceimplementedinJAVAtocommunicatewihtheuser.
Variousfeaturesareself–explanatory.
Formsareeasytofillinandcomponentscanbeadded,removedandupdatedveryeasilythroughasingledialogbox.
Theapplicationincludestool-tiphintstogiveabriefdescriptionoftheparticularinputfield.
Listboxesareusedtodisplayallthecomponentsatoncesothatusercanseeallthecomponentsofaparticulartypeatonce.
Onecanjustselectthecomponentandmodifyandremovethecomponent.
Features1.
Intuitiveinterface2.
Cleanseparationofvariouscomponentstofacilitateeasymodificationandrevision.
3.
AlltheconfigurationdataismaintainedinaseparatefiletofacilitateeasymodificationIfthetoolneedstobeupgradedtoincludemorefeatures,forinstanceifitisdesiredtoincludemoreelaboratespecificationofFPGAsthentheseparationofthedatafilecontainingallthedataoftheChapterspecificationwillprovetobeextremelyuseful.
Alsomaintainingaseparatefileforthepurposehelpsincentralisationofthedataforeasyunderstandingofthesourcecodeandtheimplementationmethodology.
4.
AnalysisComponentiskeptmodulartofacilitatemultipleanalysismodels.
Analysismodelsmayneedupgradationfromtimetotimedependinguponthevaryingnatureofthesystemsthetoolmaybeusedfor.
Tofacilitateeasyupgradationofanalysismodelgreatcarehasbeenundertaken-Allthedatarequiredforanalysisiskeptinaseparatefile.
-Thedataiscollectedbya'datacollator'whichcollectsdatafromthevariousdatasources(applicationspecification,targetplatformspecification,SUIFannotations,useretc.
).
AsthedataisgeneratedbytheothertoolsandstoredintheSUIFannotations,onlythisdatacollatorneedstobechangedwithoutdisturbingtherestoftheanalysis.
-The'analyzer'i.
e.
theactualanalysismodelisclearlyseparatedfromtheotheranalysiscomponents(likethedatacollator,thevisualizeretc.
).
Somoresophisticatedanalysismodelsonlyneedsthemodificationofthe'analyzer'withoutbeingconcernedwiththerestoftheanalysis.
-Visualizationoftheanalysisresultisalsomademodular.
The'visualizer'readstheanalysisresultkeptinaseparatefileandgeneratethedesiredvisualizationsoftheseresults(currentlyitgeneratespiecharts).
5.
QuickandeasysavingandloadingofSystemconfiguration.
SincethespecificationoftheApplicationandtheTargetPlatformcanbeveryintricate,aoptionforsavingthecurrentconfigurationisaverymuchdesired.
Alltheconfigurationdata(includingthebindingandtheinterconnectioninformation)couldbeeasilystoredindifferentfiles.
Soonecanworkonmultipleconfigurationssimultaneously.
Infact,itismadeasconvenientassaving,loadingandeditingatextfilefromastandardtext-editor.
6.
Optionof2Dor3Dpiechartforviewinganalysisresults.
7.
Visualizerfeaturespresetlayoutanddraggablecomponentstoprovideflexibilitytotheuserforchoosingbetweendifferentlayoutsordesigninghisown.
8.
IncludesaninternalTextEditorforeasyviewingandeditingofapplication(Cfiles),Processordescriptionfileetc.
fromwithinthetool.
9.
AlltheDataStructuresforstoringconfigurationdataismaintainedinaseparatefiletofacilitateeasymodification.
SpecificationFirstofallthespecificationofthetargetplatformmustbespecifiedcompletely.
Itconsistsof:1.
ApplicationSpecificationIntheapplicationspecification,theCfileswhichconstitutethetargetapplicationarespecified.
AfterspecifyingtheCfiles,onecan:ViewthesourcewiththeinternaltexteditorGenerateSUIFfilesforthecorrespondingCfileusingthectosuiftool.
GenerateprofilerdataforeachoftheCfileswhichmayberequiredbyestimationandpartitioningtoolsetc.
ADatasetforeachCfilecanbespecifiedwhichisneededbytheprofiler.
d2.
ArchitectureComponentsSpecificationAllthecomponentsinthetargetplatformarespecifiedintheabovedialogbox.
Thevarioustypesofcomponentsare:eProcessoreFPGAeASICeMemoryeCacheeBusSeetheComponentSpecificationtablefortheparametersrequiredforeachcomponent.
ff3.
BindingSpecificationHere,thebindingsbetweenthevarioustasksandresourcesarespecifiedmanually.
Theinterfaceisintuitivetofacilitatemanualbinding.
Thetwolistboxesontheleftdisplaythetasksandresourcesrespectively.
Tobindatask,selectataskandcorrespondingresourcefromthelistboxesandclickBind.
Theboundpairsareshowninthelistboxontheright.
AfterpressingBind,thechannel–portbindingDialogpopsuptospecifythebindingsbetweenthevariouschannelsofthetaskandtheportsoftheresource.
Fromtheabovedialog,provisionisalsotheretodirectlyestimatetheperformanceofthetaskonthechosenresource.
ToolautomaticallycallstheSoftwareorHardwareEstimatordependingonthechosenresource.
Afterspecifyingabinding,onecanre-editthechannel–portbindingsordeletethebinding.
gh4.
InterconnectionSpecificationTheinterconnectionsbetweenthevariousresourcescanbespecifiedhere.
Heretheportnumbersforeachconnectioncanalsobespecified.
TheinterfaceandproceduretoconnecttworesourcesissimilartoBindingdiscussedpreviously.
Whenevertheuserclicksonaresourceinoneoftheresourcelists,informationregardingitstotalandremainingnumberofportsisalsodisplayedatthebottom.
CallingtheDesigntoolsAfterspecifyingthevariouscomponentsonecanalsousethetoolstoautomatethetaskofbindingetc.
Thetoolscurrentlysupportedare:ijNote:Currently,theactualtoolsarenotcalledsincesometoolsarenotready.
HoweverthetoolcallinginterfaceadparamterpassingwastestedwiththehelpofadummytoolwhichwaswrittenVisualC++.
1.
HardwareEstimatorHere,userspecifiesthetasksandtheresourcefortheestimatortool.
OnlyFPGAsandASICsaredisplayedintheresourcelist.
FunctionalUnitlibraryandAllocationFilelibraryalsoneedtobespecifiedbeforecallingtheHWEstimator.
OnecanalsoviewthecurrentlimitationsoftheHWEstimatorbyclickingonthe'ViewLimitations'button.
Onclickingthe'Estimate'button,theHWEstimatortooliscalled.
kl2.
SoftwareEstimatorThisoptionissimilartotheHWEstimatoroptionexceptthatonlyprocessorsaredisplayedintheresourcelist.
3.
PartitionerOnchoosingthisoption,thepartitionertooliscalled.
AnalysisBeforedoingtheAnalysis,thefollowingstepsaretobefollowed.
1.
ExtractDataBeforeproceedingwiththeanalysis,thedataneededbytheAnalyzermustbeextractedfromthevarioussourcesasrequired.
TheexactprocedureofextractingthedataisspecifiedintheFillData()functionintheClassCAnalysis_Data.
Oneonlyneedstomodifythisfunctionandrecompilethisfiletomnchangethedataextractionprocess.
Afterclickingthisoption,ifthedataisextractedsuccessfully,thetoolisreadyforanalysis.
Note:Somedatamayalsocomedirectlyfromtheuser.
Tofacilitatethis,theconceptofUserTemplateFileisintroduced.
SeeAppendixBformoredetails.
2.
AnalysisSetupHereonecanchoosetheoptionofdisplaying2Dor3Dpiechartfortheanalysisresults.
UserTemplateGenerationHere,theusertemplatefileforthedatagivenbytheusermanuallyisspecified.
Onecangenerateablanktemplatebyclickingon'GenerateUserTemplate'button.
Thenthefileischosenbyclicking'Browse'andtherequireddatacanbeenteredbytheuserbyclicking'Edit',whichcallstheinternaltexteditorforeditingthefile.
SeeAppendixBformoredetails.
op3.
AnalyzerAccordingtothecurrentlyimplementedanalysismodel,fourtypesofanalysisisprovided:qMemorySpaceUtilizationqMemoryBandwidthUtilizationqProcessorUtilizationqBusBandwidthUtilizationrstuvwwtxyzxzt{~{ttxyt~xys~}yztz}ystt{v}t~xystwt~v}wtuyttttwtxutttw}~xutystzxzzwy~}v{zw~yuzxttz}~{|uszxtzuuw~xyystxtt}Byclickingthedesiredoption,adialogoptionisdisplayedforchoosingtheresourceforwhichtheanalysisistobedone(seebelow)Toperformanalysisforaparticularresource,clickontheresourceandclick'DrawGraph'todisplaytheanalysisresultsgraphicallywiththehelpofpiecharts.
VisualizationInPlatformVisualization,twotypesofVisualizationschemesaresupported:1.
PlatformVisualizationAsshownabove,allthecomponentsalongwiththeirinterconnectionsaredisplayed.
Thevariouscomponentsarecolourcodedaccordingtotheirtypeforeasyidentification.
TheVisualizeralsosupportsthefollowingoptions:PresetlayoutsareincludedlikeStarLayout,RingLayout,whicharrangethecomponentsaccordingtofixedstyle.
Thecomponentsdisplayedabovearecanbedraggedwiththemousetoprovideflexibilitytotheusertochooseacustomlayout.
2.
BindingVisualizationInthebindingvisualization,thetasksboundtoresourcesarealsoshownalongwiththeplatform.
Thetasksareshownasdarkgreencircles,whichareconnectedtotheappropriateresource.
Tasks,whicharenotcurrentlybound,arealsoshown.
SynthesisThesynthesistoolscurrentlysupportedare:Hardware(VHDL)Software(RC)InterfaceKernelASIPCurrentlytheabovetoolsarenotcalled.
Dummyfunctions(Eventhandlersforaboveoptions)areincludedwhereonejusthastofillinthecodeforcallingtheabovetoolsappropriately.
Themainhighlightoftheanalysisandvisualizationpartisthatitismodularforeasymodificationandupgradationtomoreadvancedanalyticmodels.
OverviewTheAnalysispartconsistsoftwocomponents:1.
DataCollator2.
AnalyzerTheresponsibilityoftheDataCollatoristocollectallthedatarequiredforanalysisfromvarioussourcesandfillthedatainthedatastructuresrequiredbytheanalyzer.
Theanalysispartisnotconcernedwiththesourceofthedataandjustproducestheresults.
TheoutputcomingfromtheAnalyzerisusedbytheVisualizertodisplaytheresultsgraphically.
ImplementationTheDataCollatorandthedatastructuresrequiredbytheanalyzerarepresentintheClassCAnalysis_Data.
ChapterTheFillData()functionpresentintheaboveclassfillsallthedatastructuresfromvarioussources.
TheanalysisisdoneintheClassCAnalysis.
Foreachanalysis,separatefunctionsarepresent.
Eachofthesefunctionscanbechangedindependentlytoimplementadifferentanalysismodel.
ThefunctionsassumethatthedatastructuresrequiredfortheanalysishavealreadybeenfilleduptheDatacollator.
Currentlythefunctionspresentare:publicvoidMemorySpaceUtilization(Stringmemname);publicvoidMemoryBandwidthUtilization(Stringmemname);publicvoidProcessorUtilization(Stringprocessorname);publicvoidBusBandwidthUtilization(Stringbusname);EachofthesefunctionschangestheGlobal.
graphdatadatastructurewhichisusedbytheVisualizertodisplaytheresults.
Figure:GraphicaloverviewofAnalysisandVisualizationAnalysisDataDataCollatorAnalyzerDataSourcesAnalysisOutputVisualizationAnalysisDatainputfromSUIFSUIFinteractionneedstobeimplementedassoonasappropriateSUIFinterfaceisavailable.
ToimplementthisoneneedstochangetheDataCollatorpartsothatthedatarequiredbytheAnalyzercanbepickedupfromSUIFannotations.
MoreSophisticatedAnalysisSincetheAnalysis,partismodular,moresophisticatedanalysismodelscanbeimplemented.
Infact,onecanalsohavemultipleanalysismodelsindifferentfileswhichcanbeusedaccordingtotherequirement.
OptionofcomponentLibraryALibraryfeaturecanbeaddedtotheprogramfromwhichpre-specifiedcomponentscanincludedintheplatformwithoutgivingtheirspecificationsagain.
Codeforthiswillbeminimalasthecodeforsavingandopeningthedatastructuresisalreadyimplemented.
ChapterSavingofVisualizationtoimagefilesOptioncanbeincludedtosavethevisualizationtoagraphicfileformatforpersistentstorage,whichwillbeusefulforpresentationpurposes.
Note:OnWindows9x/NTPlatform,thescreenshotcanbetakenbypressingAlt+PrintScrnwhichcanthenbepastedinaGraphicsapplicationandsavedtoafile.
ConnectionsbetweenthebusandtheresourcescanbemademoreintuitiveintheVisualizerConsistencycheckforensuringproperchannel–portcommunicationscanbemademoreinformative.
Ifinterconnectionsarenotconsistent,thenitcaninformwhereexactlyistheproblem.
SpecificationsofAnalysisDataInputItemFormatFrom(present)From(finally)Comments1.
Application(forall)TasksTasknameStringSpecSpecSpaceoccupiedIntUserProfilerPeriodicityIntUserLoad-storecountIntUserProfilerDynamicinstructioncountIntUserProfilerITC(forall)ITCsTasknameStringSpecSpecDataIntUserModeIntUserBandwidthIntUser2.
Targetplatform(forall)ProcessorsProcessornameStringSpecSpecSpeedIntUserSpecTobeextractedfromprocessordescriptionfileBytes/instructionIntUserDescriptionFile(forall)MemoryMemorynameStringSpecSpecAccesstimeIntSpecSpecBandwidthDoubleSpecSpecSizeintSpecSpec(forall)CacheCachenameStringSpecSpecHitratioDoubleSpecSpecAccesstimeintSpecSpec(forall)FPGAFPGAnameStringSpecSpec(forall)ASICASICnameStringSpecSpec(forall)BusBusnameStringSpecSpecBandwidthIntSpecSpec3.
BindingInformationSpecPartitioner4.
InterconnectionSpecNASpec:Specification(thisdataisobtainedfromApplicationSpecificationandtheTargetPlatformSpecificationfromwithinthetool)User:thisdatacomesfromtheusercurrentlybutwillbeeventuallygeneratedbythedifferenttools*UserTemplateTomakeitconvenientfortheusertofeedinthedatamanuallythetoolgeneratesausertemplatefile.
Thisusertemplatemarksallthefieldsrequiredforanalysisthatneedtobefedinbytheuser.
Soalltheuserhastodoisfillintherequiredslots.
Notethatthetemplatefilewillbedifferentfordifferentapplicationandplatformspecification.
Asampleusertemplatefileisshownbelow.
#DataregardingTasksspaceoccupied=2000periodicity=100loadstorecount=2000dynamicinstructioncount=10000data=100mode=2bandwidth=10spaceoccupied=1000periodicity=200loadstorecount=3000dynamicinstructioncount=20000data=200mode=1bandwidth=20spaceoccupied=3000periodicity=300loadstorecount=2000dynamicinstructioncount=10000data=100mode=2bandwidth=15#DataregardingProcessorsspeed=600Bytes/Instruction=2speed=400Bytes/Instruction=3àá1.
AnalysisandVisualizationofPlatforms,M.
TechThesisReport,CH.
Sheshagiri2.
www.
swfm.
com–MicaGraphicsFramework.